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Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related fatalities among women worldwide. Conventional screening and risk prediction models primarily rely on demographic and patient clinical history to devise policies and estimate likelihood. However, recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, particularly deep learning (DL), have shown promise in the development of personalized risk models. These models leverage individual patient information obtained from medical imaging and associated reports. In this systematic review, we thoroughly investigated the existing literature on the application of DL to digital mammography, radiomics, genomics, and clinical information for breast cancer risk assessment. We critically analyzed these studies and discussed their findings, highlighting the promising prospects of DL techniques for breast cancer risk prediction. Additionally, we explored ongoing research initiatives and potential future applications of AI-driven approaches to further improve breast cancer risk prediction, thereby facilitating more effective screening and personalized risk management strategies. Objective and methods: This study presents a comprehensive overview of imaging and non-imaging features used in breast cancer risk prediction using traditional and AI models. The features reviewed in this study included imaging, radiomics, genomics, and clinical features. Furthermore, this survey systematically presented DL methods developed for breast cancer risk prediction, aiming to be useful for both beginners and advanced-level researchers. Results: A total of 600 articles were identified, 20 of which met the set criteria and were selected. Parallel benchmarking of DL models, along with natural language processing (NLP) applied to imaging and non-imaging features, could allow clinicians and researchers to gain greater awareness as they consider the clinical deployment or development of new models. This review provides a comprehensive guide for understanding the current status of breast cancer risk assessment using AI. Conclusion: This study offers investigators a different perspective on the use of AI for breast cancer risk prediction, incorporating numerous imaging and non-imaging features.
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Introducción: Se estima que en 2019 vivían 38 millones de personas con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), para quienes es fundamental el tratamiento antirretroviral (TAR); sin embargo, no siempre funciona. El fracaso terapéutico del TAR sucede cuando existe una progresión de la enfermedad en parámetros clínicos, virológicos o inmunológicos con un peor pronóstico. Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados al fracaso terapéutico del TAR en personas viviendo con VIH. Métodos: Se siguieron los lineamientos para revisiones sistemáticas de PRISMA-SCR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews), modificados por Tricco y otros. Los artículos sobre el fracaso terapéutico en población adulta en primera línea de TAR se hallaron en PubMed y la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud. Información, análisis y síntesis: La definición de fracaso terapéutico utilizada en ocho artículos corresponde con los criterios de la OMS; el resto emplea el criterio virológico con distintos puntos de corte. Se describen factores asociados con el fracaso terapéutico con significación estadística, agrupados en factores sociodemográficos (sexo, edad, edad inicio del TAR, compartir estatus de VIH, empleo de drogas inyectables y nivel educativo) y factores clínicos (niveles de linfocitos T CD4+ al inicio del TAR, nivel de adherencia, cambio de régimen, estadio de la OMS al inicio del TAR y coinfección por tuberculosis). Conclusiones: Dos factores fundamentales en el fracaso terapéutico son los sociodemográficos y los clínicos que dependen de la accesibilidad al tratamiento, el sistema de salud y las características intrínsecas de los individuos, incluyendo las conductas en relación con su enfermedad(AU)
Introduction: It is estimated that by 2019 there are 38 million people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), for whom antiretroviral treatment is essential. Treatment failure occurs when there is a progression of the disease in clinical, virological, or immunological parameters that lead to a change in treatment and a worse prognosis of the disease. The objective of this panoramic review is to answer the following question: What are the factors associated with the therapeutic failure of antiretroviral treatment in people living with HIV? Methods: A panoramic review was carried out following the guidelines for systematic reviews suggested by PRISMA-SCR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes extension for Scoping Reviews) and modified by Tricco et al. The articles on therapeutic failure in the adult population on the first line of ART were rescued from PubMed and the Virtual Health Library (VHL). The search was limited to a period from 2010 to 2020 and articles whose population was children or pregnant women and articles not available in English or Spanish were excluded. Information, Analysis and Synthesis: The definition of therapeutic failure used corresponds to the WHO criteria in eight articles, while the rest use the virological criterion in variable reference points. Regarding the factors associated with treatment failure, those with statistical significance grouped into sociodemographic factors (sex, age, age of ART onset, shared HIV status, injection drug use, and educational level) and clinical factors (T CD4+ levels are described at the start of ART, level of adherence, change of regimen, WHO stage at the start of ART, and tuberculosis coinfection). Conclusions: Two fundamental factors in therapeutic failure are sociodemographic and clinical, which in turn depend on accessibility to treatment, the health system and intrinsic characteristics of the individuals and the behaviors they adopt in relation to their disease(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , FemeninoRESUMEN
Objective: The metabolic syndrome (MS) is highly prevalent among patients with bipolar disorder (BD), and may affect progression, functioning, and comorbid conditions in BD. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of clinical variables and MS on overall functioning and specific areas of functioning in patients with BD. Methods: A total of 210 participants (140 participants with BD I and BD II in remission and 70 non-psychiatric control subjects) were included. The investigators administered the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), the Bipolar Depression Rating Scale (BDRS), the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF), and the Bipolar Disorder Functioning Scale (BDFS). The participants completed the Beck Depression Scale (BDS) and the Beck Anxiety Scale (BAS). MS was diagnosed according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to investigate potential correlations of comorbid MS with clinical variables and level of functioning. Results: Level of functioning did not differ between patients with and without MS. However, there were significant correlations between the level of functioning subscales and the number of depressive episodes (p = 0.033), level of general functioning (p = 0.012), duration of illness (p = 0.012), BDS (p = 0.005), BDRS (p = 0.021), BAS total scores (p = 0.021), number of hypomanic episodes (p = 0.022), number of hospitalizations (p = 0.003), employment status (p = 0.032), and diagnosis of BD I (p = 0.007) and BD II (p = 0.044). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that clinical variables had a greater effect on functioning than MS in BD patients.
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Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Trastorno Bipolar/epidemiología , Síndrome Metabólico/epidemiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Comorbilidad , Prevalencia , Estudios TransversalesRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Evaluate how clinical factors related to conventional complete denture (CCD) wearers, can influence masticatory function (MF) of totally edentulous patients before and after one-year transitioning to implant-retained mandibular overdentures (IMO). METHODS: Forty patients using CCD were rehabilitated with IMO and their MF was evaluated by: (i) ST_X50: theoretical aperture through which 50% of the weight of the particles would pass; (ii) STB: distribution homogeneity of the crushed particles. The clinical parameters analyzed were: atrophy, retention, stability, facial type, anteroposterior skeletal discrepancy, and type of loading. The statistical association was tested through crude and adjusted logistic regression. RESULTS: IMO promoted improvements in the MF, irrespective of the clinical parameters. CCD wearers with poor retention had 86% less chance of achieving a good ST_X50. STB was associated with stability, facial type, and anteroposterior discrepancy. Subjects with poor mandibular CCD stability had a 76% lower chance of achieving a good test food homogenization, whereas brachyfacial individuals were 1.3 times more likely to have a good STB. Class II patients had an 89% lower chance of having a good homogenization of the particles as CCD users and after transition to IMO. CONCLUSIONS: CCD users with poor retention achieved an inferior ST_X50. The STB performance can be compromised by poor stability or Class II characteristics, while brachyfacial individuals achieve better homogenezation of the food bolus. Although the transition to IMO improved the masticatory function, the anteroposterior discrepancy still maintained an association with STB, as Class II individuals still presented difficulties homogenizing food.
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Dentadura Completa , Prótesis de Recubrimiento , Mandíbula , Masticación/fisiología , Boca Edéntula/fisiopatología , Boca Edéntula/rehabilitación , Anciano , Retención de Dentadura , Femenino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Juvenile recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JRRP) is generally aggressive and with a high recurrence rate. Currently, there is no definite curative treatment for JRRP. Therefore, a greater understanding of the aspects that influence the severity and prognosis of the disease is required. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to establish the clinical and socioeconomic characteristics of pediatric patients with JRRP and its relationship with the severity of the disease in a tertiary care pediatric hospital. RESULTS: A strong relationship was observed between the severity of the disease and the age at the time of diagnosis, and having a tracheostomy. A moderate association was found between the severity of the disease and the age at the time of the study, the area of origin and the recurrence rate. None of the socioeconomic statuses had a correlation with the severity of the JRRP. CONCLUSIONS: JRRP is associated with multiple surgeries due to the recurrence and aggressiveness of the disease. The socioeconomic status does not seem to influence the severity of the disease, whereas younger patients and users of tracheostomy should receive a more strict follow-up given the increased risk of severe disease.
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Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/epidemiología , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Hospitales Pediátricos , Humanos , Laringoscopía/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/terapia , Pronóstico , Recurrencia , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/terapia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Clase Social , Atención Terciaria de Salud , Traqueostomía/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia de los determinantes sociodemográficos, clínicos y del servicio de salud sobre el riesgo de infección del sitio quirúrgico en pacientes apendicectomizados, en los hospitales del Atlántico, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de casos y controles retrospectivo. Se revisaron los registros quirúrgicos de pacientes apendicectomizados entre 2009 y 2013. Muestra: 80 casos y 272 controles. Factores estudiados: sociodemográficos (edad, género, régimen de afiliación al sistema de salud); clínicos (antecedentes patológicos, hospitalizaciones previas, grado del apéndice); servicios (tiempos de espera, técnica quirúrgica, duración del procedimiento, profilaxis antibiótica, tiempo de estancia hospitalaria). Análisis: bivariable y multivariable. Se calcularon las razones de momios (OR), intervalos de confianza al 95 %, y pruebas de significancia estadística. Resultados: Luego del análisis multivariado, los factores de riesgo independientes fueron: edad mayor de 54 años (OR = 5,37); afiliación al régimen subsidiado del sistema general de seguridad social en salud (OR = 3,49) y el grado histopatológico del apéndice II, que incluye inflamación focal, ulceraciones del epitelio y microabscesos aislados en folículos linfáticos, (OR = 1,98). Conclusión: Este estudio aporta nueva evidencia de la multicausalidad de la infección nosocomial en pacientes sometidos a apendicectomía. Se destaca el rol de la desigualdad en salud como factor de riesgo importante, lo cual merece especial atención.
Abstract Objective: To evaluate sociodemographic, clinical and health-service-related determinants associated to surgical site infections in patients undergoing appendectomy in third level Hospitals, located in the Colombian Northern Region, from 2009 to 2013. Methods: Retrospective data was collected of hospital records from participating hospitals; 80 cases and 272 controls were compared regarding socio-demographic (age, gender, regime of affiliation to the social-security health system), clinical (comorbidity, prior hospitalization, degree of appendix), and healthcare-related variables (diagnostic time, preoperative time, operation duration, prophylaxis with antibiotics and hospital-stay length). Both bivariate and multivariate analysis were conducted. Odds Ratios, 95% confidence intervals were estimated; Besides, both X2-Test and T Student Tests were used to evaluate statistical significance. Results: Socio-demographic (age, affiliation to the subsidized-health-system), clinical (metabolic disease) and health-care related factors such as preoperative waiting time showed to be associated to surgical site infections, in the bivariate analysis. In the final regression model only age above 54 (OR= 5,37); subsidized affiliation to the social security system (3,49) and histopathological grade of appendix, which included focal inflammation, epithelial ulcers, and isolated micro-abscesses in lymphatic's follicles showed to be independent risk factors (OR= 1,98). Conclusion: This study adds new evidence on the multifactorial origin of post-surgery nosocomial infections and spotlights health inequality as a major risk factor that needs to be addressed.
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Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the non-clinical determinants and predictors of self-ratings of oral health among young adolescents in a Nigerian rural population. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among adolescents of 11-13 years old in Igboora, Nigeria. Information on self-rating of oral health, self-assessed satisfaction with oral health condition and tooth appearance, pain history, consultation with the dentist and oral hygiene measures were obtained using structured questionnaires translated to the local language. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23; Chi Square and logistic regression were used to establish associations between variables and predictors with p value < 0.05 statistically significant. Results: A total of 400 respondents participated in the study. Most 346 (86.5%) rated their oral health positively. Those who expressed dissatisfaction with the appearance of their teeth, 17 (44.7%) dissatisfaction with their oral health condition, 25 (45.5%) had toothache in the preceding six months, 44 (19.7%) perceived a need for dental treatment, 43 (16.7%) or cleaned their teeth once daily or less frequently, 37 (20.9%), rated their oral health poorly (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.012, p < 0.001, respectively). The significant predictors of self-ratings of oral health were self-assessed satisfaction with oral health condition, toothache in the preceding six months and frequency of tooth cleaning. Conclusion: Satisfaction with oral health condition, toothache in the preceding six months and frequency of tooth cleaning are factors that predict self-rating of oral health in young adolescents in the rural community studied
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Salud del Adolescente , Salud Bucal , AutoimagenRESUMEN
A percepção do paciente sobre a relação com seu psicoterapeuta é determinante para a sua permanência em tratamento e para o sucesso da psicoterapia. Estabelecer preditores de aliança terapêutica pode ter o potencial de auxiliar os psicoterapeutas a utilizar formas de intervenção durante as fases iniciais do tratamento. O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a associação entre fatores sócio-demográficos e clínicos do paciente e do terapeuta e a forma como o paciente percebe a aliança terapêutica. Trata-se de um estudo transversal que avaliou a qualidade da aliança em pacientes adultos atendidos em psicoterapia psicanalítica em um ambulatório de saúde mental. A amostra foi constituída por 118 pacientes que chegaram até a quarta sessão de psicoterapia psicanalítica. Os resultados apontam para a influência da intensidade dos sintomas de psicoticismo e do gênero do paciente na percepção da aliança terapêutica.(AU)
The patient's perception of the relationship with their therapist is determinant for their treatment adherence and for the success of psychotherapy. Establishing predictors of therapeutic alliance may potentially help psychotherapists to use forms of intervention during the early stages of treatment. This study aimed to investigate the association between socio-demographic and clinical factors of both patient and therapist and the way in which the patient perceives the therapeutic alliance. It is a cross-sectional study that evaluated the quality of the alliance in adult patients attended in psychoanalytic psychotherapy in a mental health outpatient clinic. The sample consisted of 118 patients who reached the fourth session of psychoanalytic psychotherapy. The results suggest that the intensity of psychoticism symptoms and patient gender influence the perception of the therapeutic alliance.(AU)
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Identidad de Género , Relaciones Médico-Paciente , Psicoterapia , Medio SocialRESUMEN
Resumen Introducción: La mortalidad fetal intrauterina (MFIU) es un problema de salud pública por sus elevadas tasas a nivel mundial y en poblaciones de ingresos medios y bajos. Sin embargo, es un evento poco estudiado y carece de visibilidad en las políticas, planes y programas de salud pública. Objetivo: Analizar los determinantes sociodemográficos y clínicos asociados a la MFIU en Pasto-Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio analítico observacional con 88 muertes fetales como casos y 88 nacidos vivos como controles, ocurridas en hospitales de tercer nivel en el municipio de Pasto-Colombia durante 2010-2012, para determinar la relación entre mortalidad fetal, condiciones clínicas (complicaciones del embarazo, edad gestacional, peso al nacer, controles prenatales, antecedentes obstétricos, tóxicos o aborto) y sociodemográficas (edad, etnia, ocupación, estado civil, estrato, zona de residencia, escolaridad, paridad, condición de desplazamiento, embarazo planeado). Resultados: Se identificó que el riesgo de mortalidad fetal es significativamente menor con el incremento de la edad gestacional (OR ajustado=0,76 IC95% 0,62; 0,93) y el peso al nacer (OR ajustado=0,99 IC95% 0,98; 0,99). Otras variables clínicas y sociodemográficas no se asociaron. Conclusión: Los resultados proveen evidencia para la planificación de planes de intervención que prioricen a mujeres cuyo feto tenga un peso inferior al normal y un riesgo de nacimiento prematuro.
Abstract Introduction: Intrauterine fetal mortality (IUFM) is a public health problem because of its high rates worldwide and in low-and middle-income populations. However, it is a little-studied event and lacks visibility in public health policies, plans and programs. Objective: To analyze the sociodemographic and clinical determinants associated with IUFM in Pasto-Colombia. Materials and methods: A study, that includes 88 fetal deaths as cases and 88 live births as controls occurred in third level hospitals in Pasto-Colombia during 2010 and 2012, was carried out to determine the relationship between fetal mortality, clinical conditions (complications of pregnancy, gestational age, birth weight, prenatal controls, pathological and toxic medical history, or abortion) and sociodemographic conditions (age, ethnicity, occupation, marital status, stratum, area of residence , schooling, parity, displacement condition, planned pregnancy). Results: It was identified that the risk of fetal mortality is significantly lower with the increase in gestational age (OR ajustado = 0.76 IC95% 0.62; 0.93) and birth weight (OR ajustado = 0.99 IC95% 0.98; 0.99). Other clinical and sociodemographic variables were not associated. Conclusion: The results provide evidence for planning intervention plans that prioritize women whose fetus has a lower-than-normal weight and a risk of premature birth.
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Embarazo , Determinantes Sociales de la Salud , Mortalidad Fetal , Factores SociológicosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: In this study, we evaluated the association of molecular subtypes, clinical characteristics and pathological types with the prognosis of patients with medulloblastoma. METHODS: We analyzed forty patients with medulloblastoma who underwent surgical resection at our center between January 2004 and June 2014. Risk factors associated with survival, disease progression and recurrence were analyzed with a univariate Cox regression analysis, and the identified significant risk factors were further analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curves. RESULTS: Factors associated with overall survival included M stage (p=0.014), calcification (p=0.012), postoperative treatment, postoperative Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score (p=0.015), and molecular subtype (p=0.005 for WNT and p=0.008 for SHH). Number of symptoms (p=0.029), M stage (p<0.001), and postoperative radiotherapy (p=0.033) were associated with disease progression. Patients with the WNT or SHH subtype had better survival outcomes than patients with non-WNT/SHH subtypes. Risk factors for disease progression-free survival were symptoms >2 and ≥M1 stage without postoperative radiotherapy. The risk of recurrence increased with advanced M stage. Protective factors for recurrence included M0 stage and a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: We identified the risk factors associated with survival, disease progression and recurrence of medulloblastoma patients. This information is helpful for understanding the prognostic factors related to medulloblastoma.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Preescolar , Neoplasias Cerebelosas , Meduloblastoma , Neoplasias Cerebelosas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Cerebelosas/patología , Neoplasias Cerebelosas/terapia , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Terapia Combinada , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Inmunohistoquímica , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Estado de Ejecución de Karnofsky , Meduloblastoma/mortalidad , Meduloblastoma/patología , Meduloblastoma/terapia , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Periodo Posoperatorio , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Previous studies have indicated that cancer may be promoted and/or exacerbated by inflammation and infection. The cytokines produced by activated innate immune cells that stimulate tumor growth and progression are considered as important components in this process. The interleukin (IL)-23/T helper (Th)17 axis, which exerts marked pro-inflammatory effects, has emerged as an important mediator in inflammation-associated cancer. Increasing clinical evidence indicates that Th17 may promote or inhibit tumor progression, however, the function of Th17 in the pathogenesis of benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms remains unclear. The present study investigated the association between the IL-23/Th17 axis and neoplastic and non-neoplastic thyroid lesions using immunohistochemistry. A total of 131 thyroid biopsy specimens were analyzed, which revealed high IL-17 and IL-23 expression in differentiated thyroid cancer and medullary thyroid cancer tissues when compared with benign lesions, including follicular thyroid adenoma and goiter tissues. Furthermore, high IL-17 expression was associated with recurrence and mortality. These results indicate that the IL-23/Th17 axis exhibits a pivotal function in the development of thyroid neoplasms.
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PURPOSE: In the present study we compared three different Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) treatment delivery techniques in terms of treatment time (TT) and their relation with intrafraction variation (IFV). Besides that, we analyzed if different clinical factors could have an influence on IFV. Finally, we appreciated the soundness of our margins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five patients undergoing SBRT for stage I lung cancer or lung metastases up to 5 cm were included in the study. All underwent 4DCT scan to create an internal target volume (ITV) and a 5 mm margin was added to establish the planning target volume (PTV). Cone-beam CTs (CBCTs) were acquired before and after each treatment to quantify the IFV. Three different treatment delivery techniques were employed: fixed fields (FF), dynamically collimated arcs (AA) or a combination of both (FA). We studied if TT was different among these modalities of SBRT and whether TT and IFV were correlated. Clinical data related to patients and tumors were recorded as potential influential factors over the IFV. RESULTS: A total of 52 lesions and 147 fractions were analyzed. Mean IFV for x-, y- and z-axis were 1 ± 1.16 mm, 1.29 ± 1.38 mm and 1.17 ± 1.08 mm, respectively. Displacements were encompassed by the 5 mm margin in 96.1 % of fractions. TT was significantly longer in FF therapy (24.76 ± 5.4 min), when compared with AA (15.30 ± 3.68 min) or FA (17.79 ± 3.52 min) (p < 0.001). Unexpectedly, IFV did not change significantly between them (p = 0.471). Age (p = 0.003) and left vs. right location (p = 0.005) were related to 3D shift ≥2 mm. In the multivariate analysis only age showed a significant impact on the IFV (OR = 1.07, p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: The choice of AA, FF or FA does not impact on IFV although FF treatment takes significantly longer treatment time. Our immobilization device offers enough accuracy and the 5 mm margin may be considered acceptable as it accounts for more than 95 % of tumor shifts. Age is the only clinical factor that influenced IFV significantly in our analysis.
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Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/cirugía , Tomografía Computarizada de Haz Cónico/métodos , Tomografía Computarizada Cuatridimensional/métodos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirugía , Radiocirugia/métodos , Planificación de la Radioterapia Asistida por Computador/métodos , Radioterapia Guiada por Imagen/métodos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Algoritmos , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/diagnóstico por imagen , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Fraccionamiento de la Dosis de Radiación , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Errores de Configuración en Radioterapia/prevención & control , Carga TumoralRESUMEN
Objective. To determine the relationship between some clinical and psychosocial factors and the quality of life of a group of diabetic patients. Method. A cross sectional study was done with diabetic patients attending a primary care unit. Quality of life was evaluated with a verbal global scale. The clinical and psychosocial factors studied were: type of diabetes, duration of the disease, type of treatment, associated diseases, complications, metabolic control (glycosylated hemoglobin), treatment compliance, coping styles, negative attitude to disease, social support, and socioeconómica! level. Results. We interviewed 173 patients, most women (73%), most type 2 (95%). We found that being a woman was a factor negatively related to quality of life. Of clinical variables, only duration of disease was slightly correlated with quality of life (-0.14). Psychological and social variables were significantly correlated with quality of life. We performed a stepwise multiple regression analysis and we found that seven psychosocial variables explained 30% of variance of quality of life. Conclusions. Our results indicate that clinical factors did not correlate with quality of life. It is the way the patient lives with diabetes and not the diabetes by itself what affects the quality of life of diabetic patients. Some psychological and social variables were significantly related to quality of life of these patients.
Objetivo. Determinar la relación de algunos factores clínicos y psicosociales con la percepción global de la calidad de vida de pacientes con diabetes. Material y métodos. Se realizó un escrutinio transversal, de pacientes con diabetes en una clínica de medicina familiar del Seguro Social. La calidad de vida se evaluó con una escala global verbal. Se evaluaron las siguientes variables clínicas: tipo de diabetes, tiempo de evolución, tipo de tratamiento, enfermedades asociadas, complicaciones y el control metabólico. Las variables psicosociales estudiadas fueron: el conocimiento de la enfermedad, el apego al tratamiento, las formas de contender con la enfermedad, el impacto emocional producido por la misma y el apoyo social. Los pacientes fueron entrevistados con instrumentos previamente validados. Se determinó la hemoglobina glucosilada. Resultados. Fueron entrevistados 173 pacientes (73% mujeres), con un promedio de edad de 50.5 años para las mujeres y 51.5 para los hombres. La mayoría (95%) tenía diabetes tipo 2. Se determinó la relación entre las variables estudiadas y la calidad de vida. En el análisis bivariado se encontró que las mujeres tenían significativamente una menor calidad de vida (62.8 vs. 69.5). De los factores sociales, el nivel socioeconómico, el apoyo social y tener una pareja, correlacionaron positivamente con la calidad de vida. De los factores psicológicos, las formas de contención (evitación y resignación), el rechazo a la enfermedad y el impacto emocional correlacionaron negativamente con la calidad de vida. De las variables clínicas, sólo el tiempo de evolución tuvo una correlación discreta (r = - 0.14). En el análisis multivariado, siete variables psicosociales explicaron 30% de la varianza en la calidad de vida. Conclusiones. Nuestros resultados indican que aparentemente los factores clínicos influyen poco sobre la calidad de vida. Consideramos que la calidad de vida, medida de forma global, subjetiva, depende en un gran porcentaje de la forma en la que los pacientes viven la enfermedad más que de las características de la misma.