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O texto discorre sobre relações entre a Ciência da Informação e o movimento da Ciência Aberta, sob a ótica de artigos científicos identificados na Base de Dados Referenciais de Artigos de Periódicos em Ciência da Informação. Objetiva determinar dimensões, campos e movimentos que se relacionam, estabelecendo um panorama dessa relação com as pesquisas brasileiras no período entre 2015 e 2019 no domínio da comunicação científica. A metodologia é a revisão narrativa de literatura, por meio da aplicação da análise de títulos, resumos e palavras-chave dos artigos selecionados. O campo empírico é composto pelos resultados obtidos pela busca na base, totalizando 36 resultados. Conclui-se que a Ciência da Informação está se relacionando com a Ciência Aberta, observando-se a prevalência de estudos sobre temáticas de dados de pesquisa abertos e sobre repositórios, de acordo com o período observado, como maneiras de aperfeiçoar os fazeres científicos.

The text discusses the relationship between Information Science and the Open Science movement, from the perspective of scientific articles identified in the Referential Database of Journal Articles in Information Science. The objective is to determine the dimensions, fields, and movements related, establishing an overview of this relationship with Brazilian research between 2015 and 2019, in the domain of scientific communication. The methodology employed is the narrative literature review, through the analysis of titles, abstracts, and keywords of selected articles. The empirical field consists of the results obtained through the search in the database, totaling 36 results. It is concluded that Information Science is relating to Open Science, with a prevalence of studies on open research data and repositories, according to the observed period, as ways to enhance scientific practices.

El texto discute la relación entre la Ciencia de la Información y el movimiento de la Ciencia Abierta, desde la perspectiva de artículos científicos identificados en la Base de Datos Referencial de Artículos de Revistas en Ciencia de la Información. El objetivo es determinar dimensiones, campos y movimientos relacionados, estableciendo una visión general de esta relación con la investigación brasileña entre 2015 y 2019, en el ámbito de la comunicación científica. La metodología es la revisión narrativa de literatura, a través del análisis de títulos, resúmenes y palabras clave de artículos seleccionados. El campo empírico consiste en los resultados obtenidos mediante la búsqueda en la base de datos, con 36 resultados. Se concluye que la Ciencia de la Información se relaciona con la Ciencia Abierta, con una prevalencia de estudios sobre datos de investigación abiertos y repositorios, según el período observado, como formas de mejorar las prácticas científicas.

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El Premio Nobel es uno de los premios más deseados en ciencia y más conocidos en la sociedad. Sin embargo, su reputación no está exenta de complejidades, incluidas las limitaciones para los galardonados y los prejuicios en las nominaciones. Navegar por el delicado equilibrio entre el reconocimiento y los impactos concretos de las contribuciones premiadas debería ofrecer una idea de la importancia del premio más allá del mero prestigio y su valor monetario. Si bien otros premios pueden presumir de mayores recompensas financieras, a menudo carecen del mismo nivel de prestigio. La inclusión de figuras públicas como galardonadas y la amplia cobertura mediática en torno al Premio Nobel elevan aún más su importancia percibida, aunque esto podría ocultar una realidad más matizada. Asimismo, las asociaciones positivas vinculadas al nombre «Nobel» que se asemejan al adjetivo «noble» pueden realzar el prestigio del premio. Esta sutil conexión con la «nobleza» añade una capa de honor y distinción al premio, contribuyendo a su importancia y prestigio percibidos. Además, la sobrerrepresentación de premios Nobel de países específicos provoca un escrutinio sobre el cumplimiento del testamento del Nobel, que prioriza las contribuciones al bienestar global. Esta discrepancia plantea dudas sobre la inclusión y el impacto global del premio.(AU)

The Nobel Prize is one of the most sought-after awards in science and society. However, its reputation is not without complexities, including constraints on laureates and biases in nominations. Navigating the delicate balance between recognition and the tangible impacts of awarded contributions should offer insight into the Prize's significance beyond mere prestige and monetary value. While other awards may boast higher financial rewards, they often lack the same level of prestige. The inclusion of public figures as laureates and the extensive media coverage surrounding the Nobel Prize may further elevate its perceived importance, though this may hide a more nuanced reality. Additionally, the positive associations linked to the name “Nobel” resembling the adjective “noble” can enhance the award's prestige. This subtle connection to “nobility” adds a layer of honor and distinction to the Prize, contributing to its perceived significance and prestige. Moreover, the overrepresentation of Nobel laureates from specific countries prompts scrutiny over the fulfillment of Nobel's testament, which prioritizes contributions to global well-being. This discrepancy raises questions about the inclusivity and global impact of the Prize.(AU)

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The Nobel Prize is one of the most sought-after awards in science and society. However, its reputation is not without complexities, including constraints on laureates and biases in nominations. Navigating the delicate balance between recognition and the tangible impacts of awarded contributions should offer insight into the Prize's significance beyond mere prestige and monetary value. While other awards may boast higher financial rewards, they often lack the same level of prestige. The inclusion of public figures as laureates and the extensive media coverage surrounding the Nobel Prize may further elevate its perceived importance, though this may hide a more nuanced reality. Additionally, the positive associations linked to the name "Nobel" resembling the adjective "noble" can enhance the award's prestige. This subtle connection to "nobility" adds a layer of honor and distinction to the Prize, contributing to its perceived significance and prestige. Moreover, the overrepresentation of Nobel laureates from specific countries prompts scrutiny over the fulfillment of Nobel's testament, which prioritizes contributions to global well-being. This discrepancy raises questions about the inclusivity and global impact of the Prize.

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Publicar un artículo científico representa un desafío para investigadores y clínicos en las primeras etapas de su carrera. El éxito no solo se basa en métodos de investigación sólidos, sino también en una presentación clara y lógica de los resultados. Sin una comunicación clara, los descubrimientos disruptivos pueden pasar desapercibidos. Un manuscrito bien estructurado guía al lector de manera lógica desde la introducción hasta la conclusión. Mantener una narrativa consistente asegura un mayor impacto. En este artículo, ofrecemos pautas prácticas para escribir un manuscrito científico efectivo. Los artículos científicos bien estructurados aumentan la probabilidad de ser publicados, y facilitan su comprensión entre diversos especialistas. Resaltamos la importancia de presentar una historia clara, relevante y atractiva dentro de un marco estructurado, un factor muy valorado por editores, revisores y lectores. (AU)

Publishing a scientific article is challenging for early-career researchers and clinicians. Success is not solely determined by robust research methods, but also by clear and logical presentation of results. Without clear communication, disruptive findings can be overlooked. A well-structured manuscript leads the reader logically from the introduction to the conclusion. Maintaining a consistent narrative ensures lasting impact. In this paper, we provide practical guidelines for drafting an effective scientific manuscript. Carefully crafted articles increase the chance of acceptance and improve comprehension among diverse specialists. We emphasize the importance of presenting a clear, relevant, and engaging story within a structured framework, highly valued by editors, reviewers, and readers. (AU)

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Publicar un artículo científico representa un desafío para investigadores y clínicos en las primeras etapas de su carrera. El éxito no solo se basa en métodos de investigación sólidos, sino también en una presentación clara y lógica de los resultados. Sin una comunicación clara, los descubrimientos disruptivos pueden pasar desapercibidos. Un manuscrito bien estructurado guía al lector de manera lógica desde la introducción hasta la conclusión. Mantener una narrativa consistente asegura un mayor impacto. En este artículo, ofrecemos pautas prácticas para escribir un manuscrito científico efectivo. Los artículos científicos bien estructurados aumentan la probabilidad de ser publicados, y facilitan su comprensión entre diversos especialistas. Resaltamos la importancia de presentar una historia clara, relevante y atractiva dentro de un marco estructurado, un factor muy valorado por editores, revisores y lectores. (AU)

Publishing a scientific article is challenging for early-career researchers and clinicians. Success is not solely determined by robust research methods, but also by clear and logical presentation of results. Without clear communication, disruptive findings can be overlooked. A well-structured manuscript leads the reader logically from the introduction to the conclusion. Maintaining a consistent narrative ensures lasting impact. In this paper, we provide practical guidelines for drafting an effective scientific manuscript. Carefully crafted articles increase the chance of acceptance and improve comprehension among diverse specialists. We emphasize the importance of presenting a clear, relevant, and engaging story within a structured framework, highly valued by editors, reviewers, and readers. (AU)

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Publishing a scientific article is challenging for early-career researchers and clinicians. Success is not solely determined by robust research methods, but also by clear and logical presentation of results. Without clear communication, disruptive findings can be overlooked. A well-structured manuscript leads the reader logically from the introduction to the conclusion. Maintaining a consistent narrative ensures lasting impact. In this paper, we provide practical guidelines for drafting an effective scientific manuscript. Carefully crafted articles increase the chance of acceptance and improve comprehension among diverse specialists. We emphasize the importance of presenting a clear, relevant, and engaging story within a structured framework, highly valued by editors, reviewers, and readers.

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RESUMO Este ensaio teórico teve por objetivo identificar contribuições da organização do conhecimento científico na sistematização do ensino em ciências, para a constituição humana típica e atípica. Isso foi realizado a partir de ponderações entre textos da área de Ensino de Ciências e pressupostos da Teoria Histórico-Cultural. Assim, apresentamos reflexões acerca de discussões que polarizam a educação de pessoas com deficiência ou autismo no direcionamento curricular, em relação às habilidades funcionais e acadêmicas. A partir da análise de limitações, possibilidades e estratégias educacionais para aulas de ciências, concluímos que as habilidades funcionais, que envolvem conhecimentos cotidianos, não podem configurar critério de exclusão curricular de habilidades acadêmicas, do conhecimento científico, para a educação de pessoas com desenvolvimento atípico. Compreendemos que uma educação científica escolar com vias ao desenvolvimento integral é indissociável das habilidades da vida diária.

ABSTRACT This theoretical essay aimed to identify contributions from the organization of scientific knowledge in the systematization of science teaching, for the typical and atypical human constitution. This was carried out based on considerations between texts from the Science Teaching area and assumptions from the Historical-Cultural Theory. Thus, we present reflections on discussions that polarize the education of people with disabilities or autism in terms of curriculum, in relation to functional and academic skills. From the analysis of limitations, possibilities and educational strategies for science classes, we conclude that functional abilities, which involve everyday knowledge, cannot constitute a criterion for curricular exclusion of academic skills, of scientific knowledge, for the education of people with atypical development. We understand that a school scientific education with pathways to integral development is inseparable from daily life skills.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the content published in the Proceedings of the 71st Brazilian Nursing Congress and the 20th National Research Seminar in the field of sexual and reproductive health. Method: Qualitative, descriptive study, whose data sources were the annalsof two 2019 events that were related to Sexual and Reproductive Health. Content analysis and lexical typology were carried out with the aid of the IRAMUTEq® software. Results: In a universe of 3,433 abstracts, 603 were analyzed and showed a higher prevalence of qualitative studies and experience reports, focusing on the maternal-child area and on the pathologizing and medicalizing processes of women's health, with incipient use of software in the analysis. However, there were signs of health promotion and humanized care. Conclusion: The dissemination of studies in the field of sexual and Reproductive Health seems to be in a conflict between accommodation and resistance, at the same time that it maintains old imperatives of the hegemonic domain, seeking to overcome them with new methodologies and care based on integrality and equity.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar el contenido publicado en los anales del 71° Congreso Brasileño de Enfermería y del 20° Seminário Nacional de Investigación en Enfermería en el área de salud sexual y reproductiva Método: Estudio cualitativo y descriptivo, cuyas fuentes de datos fueron resúmenes con temas relacionados con la Salud Sexual y Reproductiva en los anales de eventos de 2019. El análisis de contenido y de tipo lexical se realizaron con ayuda del software IRAMUTEq®. Resultados: De los 3.433 resúmenes, se analizaron 603, la mayoría de los cuales eran estudios cualitativos y relato de experiencias, con foco en el área materno-infantil y los procesos patologizantes y medicalizantes de la salud de la mujer. Sin embargo, buscan traer perspectivas de promoción de la salud y atención humanizada. Conclusión: La difusión de estudios en Salud Sexual y Reproductiva parece estar en un conflicto entre acomodaciones y resistencias, manteniendo viejos imperativos del dominio hegemónico, pero buscando superarlos con nuevas metodologías y cuidados basados en integralidad y equidad.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o conteúdo publicado nos Anais do 71º Congresso Brasileiro de Enfermagem e do 20º Seminário Nacional de Pesquisa em Enfermagem na área da saúde sexual e reprodutiva. Método: Estudo qualitativo, descritivo, cujas fontes de dados foram resumos com temáticas referentes à Saúde Sexual e Reprodutiva nos Anais de 2019 dos eventos. Realizou-se análise de conteúdo, tipo lexical com auxílio do software IRAMUTEq®. Resultados: Dos 3.433 resumos recrutados foram analisados 603, sendo grande parte de estudos qualitativos e relato de experiências, com enfoque na área materno-infantil e nos processos patologizantes e medicalizadores da saúde da mulher. Entretanto, houve sinalizações de promoção de saúde e cuidados humanizados. Conclusão: A divulgação dos estudos da Área da Saúde Sexual e Reprodutiva parece estar num conflito entre acomodação e resistência, pois, ao mesmo tempo que mantém antigos imperativos do domínio hegemônico, busca superá-los com novas metodologias e cuidados pautados na integralidade e equidade.

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Although the results of kidney transplantation (KT) have improved substantially in recent years, a chronic and inexorable loss of grafts mainly due to the death of the patient and chronic dysfunction of the KT, continues to be observed. The objectives, thus, to optimize this situation in the next decade are fundamentally focused on minimizing the rate of kidney graft loss, improving patient survival, increasing the rate of organ procurement and its distribution, promoting research and training in health professionals and the development of scientific registries providing clinical and reliable information that allow us to optimize our clinical practice in the field of KT. With this perspective, this review will deep into: (1) strategies to avoid chronic dysfunction and graft loss in the medium and long term; (2) to prolong patient survival; (3) strategies to increase the donation, maintenance and allocation of organs; (4) promote clinical and basic research and training activity in KT; and (5) the analysis of the results in KT by optimizing and merging scientific registries.

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Este artículo tiene como objetivo examinar la valoración que se les da a las revistas científicas peruanas según los reglamentos actuales relacionados con ciencia y tecnología, lo que lleva a que existan clasificaciones de revistas y que las personas autoras se interesen en publicar en función del puntaje para el desarrollo de la carrera académica y de investigación. Metodológicamente se revisaron los reglamentos vigentes de dicha clasificación y calificación de investigadores, así como las características que debe tener una revista para incluirse en los mismos, para luego examinar el portal de ISSN y comparar la lista de revistas científicas registradas de manera que pueda observarse qué porcentaje de esas revistas se consideran para las clasificaciones vigentes. Se concluye que existe un alto porcentaje de revistas peruanas relegadas o fuera del sistema de clasificación, lo que hace que el proceso de crecimiento se vuelva complicado, haciendo el camino de la indexación más tormentoso para los equipos editoriales. Es necesario trabajar por el desarrollo de ciencia nueva y eso involucra dar la oportunidad a estas revistas para seguir avanzando en los procesos de gestión editorial.

This article aims to examine the valuation given to Peruvian scientific journals according to current regulations related to science and technology, which leads to the existence of journal classifications and that authors are interested in publishing based on the score for academic and research career development. Methodologically, the current regulations of said classification and qualification of researchers will be reviewed, as well as the characteristics that a journal must have to be included in them, to later examine the ISSN portal and compare the list of registered scientific journals so that it can be observed which percentage of those journals are considered for current rankings. It is concluded that there is a high percentage of peruvian journals relegated or outside the classification system, which makes the growth process complicated, making the path of indexing harder for editorial teams. It is necessary to work for the development of new science and that involves giving these journals the opportunity to continue advancing in editorial management processes.

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La odontología basada en evidencias es una metodología que busca que las decisiones clínicas diarias que toman los profesionales en estomatología se encuentren fundamentadas en la evidencia científica, en ella se integran las experiencias clínicas, las necesidades, las preferencias del paciente y la evidencia clínicamente relevante más actual analizada por pares. Estos pilares son parte del proceso en la toma de decisiones para la atención al paciente. La odontología basada en evidencias surge de las exitosas experiencias obtenidas con el desarrollo e implementación de la medicina fundamentada en pruebas, al aplicar el método científico en la evaluación, planificación y toma de decisiones de las prestaciones sanitarias, sobre todo a través de los estudios controlados. En general, toda la práctica odontológica ha tenido grandes avances basados en evidencias, con hechos verídicos comprobados, pero los conceptos fundamentales de oclusión no han tenido una mejora cimentada en el conocimiento científico, prueba de ello es que se siguen ocupando teorías y conceptos de las filosofías de oclusión en la rehabilitación de muchos pacientes, seguimos creyendo en mitos y sofismas que no han podido ser demostrados. En esta revisión, demostramos los grandes avances en los conceptos de oclusión e invitamos a todos los odontólogos a romper los paradigmas de la oclusión antigua sin evidencias científicas y a utilizar las herramientas del método científico en la práctica clínica odontológica (AU)

Evidence-based dentistry is a strategy that seeks to ensure that the daily clinical decisions made by the dental professional are based on scientific evidence. It integrates the clinical experience of the dentist, the needs and preferences of the patient, and the most current relevant clinical evidence. All three are part of the decision-making process for patient care. Evidence-based dentistry arises from the successful experiences obtained with the development and implementation of evidence-based medicine, applying the scientific method in the evaluation, planning and decision-making of health benefits, especially through controlled studies. In general, all dental practice has had great advances based on evidence, with proven true facts, but the fundamental concepts of occlusion have not had an improvement based on scientific knowledge, proof of this is that theories and concepts continue to be used. of the philosophies of occlusion in patient rehabilitation, we follow myths and sophisms that have not been demonstrated, in this review, we demonstrate the great advances in the concepts of occlusion and we know all dentists to break the paradigms of the old occlusion without scientific evidence (AU)

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Esta editorial recupera algunos datos y reflexiones de lo sucedido en la 35ª Reunión de delegados de la Federación Mundial de Terapeutas Ocupacionales -WFOT y el 18º Congreso Mundial de la WFOT, eventos celebrados en agosto de 2022 en la ciudad de París, Francia. Resalta la fortaleza del reencuentro y señala la importante agenda que tuvo el Congreso, en una amplia y poderosa divulgación del saber, la investigación y la experiencia de las y los terapeutas ocupacionales del mundo, en todas las áreas y dominios de su ejercicio profesional.

The editorial recovers some data and reflections of what happened in the 35th Meeting of delegates of the World Federation of Occupational Therapists ­ WFOT and the 18th WFOT Congress, that were held in August 2022 in the city of Paris, France. It highlights the strength of the reunion and points out the important agenda that the Congress had in a broad and powerful dissemination of knowledge, research, and experience of occupational therapists around the world, in all areas and domains of his professional practice.

Esta editorial recupera alguns dados e reflexões do que aconteceu tanto no 35º Encontro de delegados da Federação Mundial de Terapeutas Ocupacionais ­ WFOT quanto no 18º Congresso Mundial da WFOT, os quais foram realizados em agosto de 2022, na cidade de Paris, França. Destaca a força do reencontro e aponta à importante agenda que o Congresso teve em uma ampla e poderosa disseminação de conhecimento, pesquisa e experiência dos terapeutas ocupacionais ao redor do mundo, em todas as áreas e domínios da sua prática profissional.

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Resumo O efeito placebo é um ponto de passagem obrigatório para a compreensão da racionalidade envolvida nos ensaios clínicos randomizados. A partir da antropologia da ciência e da tecnologia, este artigo analisa como a noção de efeito placebo tem sido utilizada pela ciência na produção de fronteiras biossociais. Assim, enfoca fenômenos que inicialmente eram atribuídos à imaginação e analisa as consequências de novas metodologias científicas que têm reconhecido outras potencialidades desse efeito, mas tendem a privilegiar marcadores biológicos. O argumento central é que a disputa epistemológica oculta a existência múltipla do efeito placebo que pode ser reconhecida em função das diferentes práticas às quais ele confere racionalidade.

Abstract The placebo effect is an obligatory passage point to understand rationality in randomized clinical trials. From the perspective of science and technology studies, this paper analyzes how the notion of the placebo effect has been used by science in the production of biosocial borders. Thus, it will pay attention to the phenomena considered caused by imagination, and we will analyze the consequences of new methodologies that have recognized other potentialities of this effect but tend to favor biological markers. The central argument is that the epistemological dispute hides the multiple existences of the placebo effect to be recognized due to the different scientific practices to which it confers rationality.

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Introducción: La investigación científica tiende a ser presentada mediante reportes escritos, que inicialmente son denominados manuscritos, la revisión de su calidad es importante en el marco del rigor metodológico y científico. Objetivo: Diseñar y validar una rúbrica analítica para evaluar manuscritos científicos. Material y Métodos: Estudio instrumental. Donde se elabora una rúbrica analítica compuesta por 21 aspectos integrados en seis dimensiones y cuatro niveles de desempeño (Excelente, Bien, Regular, Por mejorar). Se utiliza la metodología de jueces expertos (n= 9), fiabilidad mediante el Alfa de Krippendorff (α) y relación prueba criterio externo e información cualitativa para la mejora de los indicadores. Resultados: El juicio de expertos indicó que los 21 aspectos a evaluar pueden ser considerados validos (V de Aiken ≥ 0.70) y fiables (α ≥ 0.70). Además, las sugerencias de los expertos permitieron mejoras cualitativas al instrumento. La aplicación piloto con un grupo de siete evaluadores indicó que la prueba cuenta con poder predictivo, porque se encontró que las puntuaciones de los jueces disminuyen mientras disminuye la calidad del manuscrito seleccionado. Conclusiones: La rúbrica analítica elaborada es un instrumento válido y fiable que puede ser utilizado para la valoración de manuscritos científicos en el ámbito de la educación médica. El proceso metodológico brinda evidencias solidas de su funcionamiento. A pesar de eso, se anima a continuar revisando el instrumento como parte de su proceso de mejora continua.

Introduction: Scientific research tends to be presented through written reports, which are initially called manuscripts. The review of their quality is important in the framework of methodological and scientific rigor. Objective: To design and validate an analytical rubric to evaluate scientific manuscripts. Material and Methods: Instrumental study. An analytical rubric composed of 21 aspects integrated into six dimensions and four performance levels (excellent, good, fair, to be improved) was developed. The methodology of expert judges (n = 9), reliability by means of Krippendorff's alpha (α), external criterion test, and qualitative information for the improvement of the indicators were used. Results: The expert judgment indicated that the 21 aspects to be evaluated can be considered valid (Aiken's V ≥ 0.70) and dependable (α ≥ 0.70). In addition, the experts' suggestions allowed qualitative improvements to the instrument. The pilot application with a group of seven evaluators indicated that the test has predictive power because it was found that the judges' scores decreased as the quality of the selected manuscript decreased. Conclusions: The analytical rubric elaborated is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used for the assessment of scientific manuscripts in the field of medical education. The methodological process provides solid evidence of its performance. Nevertheless, it is encouraged to continue revising the instrument as part of its continuous improvement process.

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Responsabilização (accountability) em comunicação e editoração científica é um importante tema em ética e integridade em pesquisa, e um dos grandes desafios atuais da ciência. Este artigo apresenta um estudo descritivo sobre a responsabilização e os seus atores na comunicação científica (autores, revisores, editores), partindo da questão da responsabilização desses atores e das más condutas científicas vista por editores de revista SciELO do Brasil e de países da América Latina. Apresenta resultados a partir da visão dos editores em que os autores são responsáveis, e, parcialmente, os revisores e os próprios editores

Accountability in scientific communication and publishing is an important topic in ethics and research integrity, and one of the great challenges of science today. This article presents a descriptive study on accountability and its actors in scientific communication (authors, reviewers, editors), starting from the issue of accountability of these actors and from the scientific misconducts viewed by SciELO journals editors in Brazil and Latin America. Based on the editors' view, it stands that the authors are responsible, and the reviewers and the editors are partially responsible

La responsabilidad (accountability) en la comunicación y publicación científica es un tema importante en la ética y la integridad en la investigación, y uno de los grandes desafíos de la ciencia actual. Este artículo presenta un estudio descriptivo sobre la responsabilidad y sus actores en la comunicación científica (autores, revisores, editores), a partir de la cuestión de responsabilidad de estos actores y de las malas conductas científicas vista por los editores de revista SciELO en Brasil y en países de América Latina. Presenta resultados en la visión de los editores de que los autores son responsables, y los revisores y los propios editores son parcialmente responsables.

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Resumo O artigo apresenta o modo como as imagens relativas aos conjuntos de química expressam as representações sobre a predominância do gênero masculino nas brincadeiras que simulam aspectos técnicos, gestuais, de laboratório, criando padrões de conduta que direcionam para a vocação profissional: o ser cientista. Foram privilegiadas as documentações produzidas pelas empresas Gilbert (1920) e Chemcraft (1922), presentes no acervo da Chemical Heritage Foundation (EUA). Discute-se o que Joan Scott chama de organização social da diferença sexual, enquanto são analisadas as ilustrações que privilegiam a dominância do gênero masculino, nas formas de "ser criança", brincando de cientista.

Abstract This article shows how images relating to chemistry sets express the predominance of the male gender in toys that simulate technical, gestural, and laboratory-related aspects of science, creating patterns of conduct towards the professional vocation of being a scientist. Priority is given to documents produced by the companies Gilbert (1920) and Chemcraft (1922) that are kept in the archives of the Chemical Heritage Foundation in the USA. What Joan Scott calls the social organization of sexual difference is discussed and the illustrations are analyzed, demonstrating a predominance of male figures showing how to "be a child," playing at being a scientist.

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RESUMEN Las investigaciones educativas ofrecen diversos productos de valor para la ciencia, que incluyen contribuciones de carácter teórico y práctico. A menudo resulta difícil para los investigadores rotular los aportes, diferenciarlos y establecer su tipicidad. Tales resultados involucran modelos, concepciones, sistemas, estrategias, metodologías y programas de intervención, entre los más comunes. Dada la importancia que ello reviste para maestrandos y doctorandos a la luz de las tesis que elaboran y por las exigencias que deben cumplir los investigadores y coordinadores de proyectos al redactar sus informes de investigación; el presente trabajo se propone caracterizar las principales contribuciones científicas derivadas de la investigación educativa, en función de la determinación de la naturaleza que identifica cada resultado y el establecimiento de sus particularidades. Se efectuó un muestreo de tesis doctorales en Ciencias Pedagógicas y Ciencias de la Educación predefendidas y defendidas en la provincia de Camagüey entre 2016 y 2021.

ABSTRACT Educational research offers various products of value for science, including contributions of a theoretical and practical nature. It is often difficult for researchers to label such contributions, differentiate them and establish their typicity. Such results involve models, conceptions, systems, strategies, methodologies and intervention programs, among the most common. Due to the importance that this has for master's and doctoral students in light of the theses they prepare and because of the requirements that researchers and project coordinators must meet when writing their research reports; The present work intends to characterize the main scientific contributions derived from educational research, based on the determination of the nature that identifies each result and the establishment of its particularities. A sampling of doctoral theses in Pedagogical Sciences and Educational Sciences pre-defended and defended in the province of Camagüey between 2016 and 2021 was carried out.

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Incisión supraumbilical, colocación de trocar de 10 mm, técnica Hasson. Otros trocares bajo visión directa. Apertura de membrana freno esofágica y liberación de esófago de pilares, identificación de nervio vago anterior, separando y preservándolo. Disección de fibras musculares longitudinales y sección de las fibras circulares hasta exposición mucosa esofágica, 6 cm en esófago y 2 cm a nivel gástrico. Funduplicatura tipo Dor con puntos separados 3.0 a nivel de fondo gástrico, muscular esofágica y pilares diafragmáticos. Extracción de trocares bajo visión, exsuflación de neumoperitoneo. Cierre de laparotomía umbilical. Síntesis cutánea.

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