RESUMEN
Recent scientific research has shown the use of chlorin, phthalocyanines, and porphyrins derivatives as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy in the treatment of various pathologies, including some of the major skin diseases. Thus, the main goal of this critical review is to catalog the papers that used these photosensitizers in the treatment of acne vulgaris, psoriasis, papillomavirus infections, cutaneous leishmaniasis, and skin rejuvenation, and to explore the photodynamic therapy mechanisms against these conditions alongside their clinical benefits.
Asunto(s)
Indoles/uso terapéutico , Fotoquimioterapia , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/uso terapéutico , Porfirinas/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de la Piel/tratamiento farmacológico , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Humanos , Indoles/farmacología , Isoindoles , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/farmacología , Porfirinas/farmacología , Piel/patología , Enfermedades de la Piel/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Piel/etiología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
An amphiphilic chlorin derivative (CHL-T) was prepared from methylpheophorbide a (CHL) and 2-Amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol (TRISMA®). The new chlorin was compared to other dyes (CHL and Hypericin) in relation to photophysical and photobiological activities in tumor and non-tumor cell lines. Cytotoxicity and cell death target were determined to evaluate the CHL-T efficiency, comparing to the precursor CHL and to the well-known dye hypericin (HY). All of the studied compounds exhibited absorption bands in the therapeutic window and presented a small fluorescence quantum yield compared to the reference dye (rhodamine B). CHL-T was about three times more efficient on singlet oxygen generation than the others photosensitizers. The lipophilicity order of the photosensitizers was CHL>HY>CHL-T. The tumoral HeLa cells presented improved accumulation for CHL and CHL-T compared to HY. The phototoxicity presented by the CHL-T was about ten times higher than by CHL, as demonstrated by the MTT assay. CHL-T showed more cytotoxicity to tumoral cell, comparing to non-tumoral cell in short incubation time. The cell death rises proportionally with increasing PSs concentrations, mainly by necrosis. These findings suggest that CHL-T is a potential new photosensitizer for PDT.