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This study uses narrative and positive psychology as its theoretical foundations to investigate the impact of sports activities on young people's mental health. Class 1 and Class 2 students of the Department of Economics and Management in the Modern College of Arts and Sciences of a normal university, as well as some front-line Physical Education (PE) instructors and ideological and political teachers of a normal university, were surveyed. This study utilized a questionnaire to collect information from respondents. Smart PLS 4.0 is used to analyze the data for this study. This study found that, from the perspective of compassionate ethics and in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, physical activity can promote the mental health of adolescents, most notably by reducing anxiety, stress, depression, and feelings of isolation. This study determined that physical activity promotes the healthy growth of adolescent narrative psychology. Furthermore, physical activity significantly impacts adolescents' mental health, which can reduce adolescent ennui, boredom, and the risk of depression. Moreover, it can reduce stress, alleviate anxiety, and enhance adolescents' sleep quality. In addition, it can improve adolescents' mental health, cognitive health, thinking, learning, and general well-being.(AU)

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THE STUDY'S RATIONALE: The Scandinavian nursing tradition is based on caring science as the ontological backdrop. This means that meeting the patient with openness and respect is essential in care. The experiences of an elderly woman receiving home nursing provide insight into a world many healthcare workers need to understand; meaning what is important in the encounter with the fragile old patient whose voice is not often heard in the society nor in research. Caring science with its person-oriented care clashes with the New Public Management's ideal for municipal health care in Norway, at the expense of the needs of the elderly patients. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This article aims to express the phenomenon of lived experience as presented by an elderly woman, more specifically her experience of care in home nursing run according to the principles of new public management. METHODOLOGICAL DESIGN: The article is based on an empirical narrative in the form of an individual qualitative research interview. FINDINGS: The patient has needs that cannot be defined without the nurse having an ethical understanding of what may be important in the patient´s lifeworld. The core findings are: Feeling disregarded as a human being, Broken agreements, Surrendering in anonymous relationships and Each day is a different day with altered needs. CONCLUSION: The system of New Public Management sets a strain on the time at hand for the nurse to develop a relationship that acknowledges and supports the patient´s life courage. The ethical demand and care ethics can explain how the patient´s will to live can be preserved, and provide knowledge of how the caregiver can best attend to the patient's ways of expressing what is important to her. Nevertheless, within the time at disposal, the nurse has an opportunity to either marginalize or strengthen the old person´s dignity.

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COVID-19 has caused global concern and called for emergency response measures. In this continuous epidemic crisis, ethics has suffered unprecedented huge impact and challenges. It is the responsibility of contemporary ethics to reflect on the moral dilemma existing in itself and in the world. Therefore, ethics must stand the test and provide legitimate reasons for how to give full play to relevance and availability in this global crisis. The theory of rule ethics, which focuses on the realization of moral obligations and rights, is obviously unable to adapt to the response to the demand for ethical responsibility in special periods. The ability to take moral actions against others requires the intervention of "empathy" and "care" factors to realize the possibility of changing from heteronomy to self-discipline. Caring ethics emphasizes that "empathy" and "care" should be wisely regarded as an important value under the COVID-19 epidemic, so as to minimize the possible of the COVID-19 spread and its mutation and escalation in daily interpersonal communication, and create more meaningful ethical relationships with others by being responsible for and caring for others. At the same time, caring ethics further emphasizes that ignoring the cognition may lead to continuous psychological impact, making it difficult to reconstruct a harmonious social psychological situation.

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BACKGROUND: Among a growing population of older persons, many affected by multiple diseases and complex needs, are cared for in nursing homes. Previous studies of nursing homes have highlighted the importance of personalised palliative care. Nevertheless, we know little about whether everyday care practice involving assistant nurses and frail older persons accomplishes ethical encounters, especially in assisted bodily care. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand and conceptualize the encounter between residents and assistant nurses in bodily care-situations at the end of life in a nursing home. METHODS: Focused ethnographic design was used. Residents and assistant nurses from one nursing home in an urban Swedish area participated in this study. Data were collected for 6 months and consisted of 170 h of fieldwork, including participant observation and interviews. Observations and digitally recorded interviews were analysed thematically. Five public community stakeholders contributed to the analysis by discussing preliminary results and clinical implications in a focus group. RESULTS: Four themes, each encompassing both barriers to and facilitators of ethical encounters in assisted bodily care, were identified: Coping with the impact of workplace demands; Interacting in dialogue and communication; Experiencing involvement in the provision of assisted bodily care; and Adapting to good care and comfort. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that accomplishing ethical encounters in assisted bodily care practice in a nursing home context has many barriers that are related to communication, relationships, and quality of care. Barriers included lack of resources, ineffective communication, and work values, which hinder ethical encounters. Nevertheless, moral sensitivity, genuine interest in resident engagement, and collaborative practices facilitated ethical encounters and are thus central to person-centred care. Uniquely, assistant nurses must be aware of their responsibility for performing their tasks in response to residents' vulnerability. We therefore suggest that moral deliberation over issues of communication, compassion, decision-making, and behavior, with particular consideration for the care relationship. To further improve the quality of care, organisations must provide resources for the building of relationships, as well as time for assistant nurses to recover after long shifts. Additional research is warranted, including implementation of ethically grounded palliative care.

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Background: In modern healthcare, the role of solidarity, altruism and the natural response to moral challenges in life-threatening situations is still rather unexplored. The COVID-19 pandemic provided an opportunity to obtain a deeper understanding of nurses' willingness to care for patients during crisis.Objective: To elucidate clinical expressions of ontological situational ethics through nurses' willingness to work during a pandemic.Research design, participants and context: A qualitative study with an interpretive design was applied. Twenty nurses who worked in intensive care unit at two Swedish hospitals during the first, second, and third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic were interviewed. The analysis was interpretative and applied a theoretical ethics perspective.Ethical considerations: The study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority and informed consent was obtained from all participants.Findings: From a philosophical perspective, the nurses expressed sovereign life expressions of mercy and compassion, which arose spontaneously in response to seeing vulnerable fellow humans. They referenced ''the nurse inside me'' and their choice of profession as motives to provide care. Ontological situational ethics in culture and norms were noted in the constructs of competence, responsibility, solidarity with colleagues and organization; and interest and learning were driving forces. Ethical demand was evident when nurses expressed ideas of meaningfulness in helping their fellow humans; but themes of ambiguity, exhaustion and unwillingness were also present.Conclusions: The nurses showed a high willingness to care for patients during a crisis. Responding to the ethical demand and to care for vulnerable human beings while risking their own health and lives could be interpreted as an inter-human vocation. These spontaneous altruistic actions saved the lives of many patients during the pandemic and need to be understood and supported.

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In this paper, we explore the concept of virtue in nursing care. We particularly examine the description of 'virtue' offered by Aristotle, who considers it the mental constitution that forms the basis for laudable social behaviour. We then turn to Katie Eriksson's work on caritative caring ethics and draw parallels between the Aristotelian concept of virtue and being a good nurse. Eriksson suggests that embracing an ethos, a set of basic values, affects nurses' attitudes as well as the way they speak and take on their responsibility for the patient. We discuss these ideas in relation to a tentative ideal model of the movement from ethos to action to understand and address nurses' ethical thinking and acting. Here, we focus on the catalytic role of virtue as a means for realizing a deliberate, intentional acting with the best of the patient in mind. As an outcome of our analysis, we suggest that the movement of virtue from ethos to action is most usefully conceptualized as knowledge about facts, habits of the heart, deeds of the hand and the power of words. Implications for nursing leadership are suggested, including incorporating organizational values through the means of ethical conversations.

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BACKGROUND:: Occupational healthcare is nowadays more and more regulated by economic demands of gain and efficiency. AIM AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS:: The aim of this study is to reach a new understanding of ethics in occupational healthcare by uncovering this from occupational healthcare nurses' own views. The research questions are as follows: (1) What is the core of an ethical value base in occupational healthcare? (2) What does it mean for occupational healthcare nurses to fulfill their ethical value base in occupational healthcare? RESEARCH DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS, AND RESEARCH CONTEXT:: The study uses a hermeneutical approach. The context of the study is occupational healthcare. The material was collected through interviews with four occupational healthcare nurses in Finland. The texts were interpreted through hermeneutical reading. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS:: The data storage, study participation, and data handling for research purposes were approved by the participants when they provided their informed consent. FINDINGS:: The study revealed that the core of ethical values in occupational healthcare is something universal that concerns justice, honesty, and faithfulness. To fulfill the ethical value base means to continuously strive toward the inner core of love and bravely choose to listen to the this core in the name of the client and the universal good even if it involves a struggle or a sacrifice. DISCUSSION:: The ethical value base is not primarily tied to profession but is something that is general and universal. Nor do ethics and the implementation of ethical values stand in opposition to, for example, external values such as demands for efficiency and economic gain. However, ethics may promote efficiency. CONCLUSION:: The fulfillment of nurses' ethical value base in occupational healthcare requires that ethics first and foremost is allowed to enter the leadership and is prioritized on a leadership level. Creating caring cultures that encourage openness and support ethical discussions is fundamental.

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Resumo Este artigo discute o trabalho do agente comunitário de saúde (ACS) com foco nos problemas éticos enfrentados no cotidiano do trabalho e cuidado, espaço de cuidado e as diretrizes disciplinares sobre sua atividade. A metodologia é de origem qualitativa com utilização da cartografia associada a instrumentos da etnografia (observação participante, caderno de campo e entrevista semiestruturada). O ACS tem sido considerado um trabalhador diferenciado por pertencer à comunidade e à instituição de saúde. Tal característica pode trazer um potencial para a produção de projetos terapêuticos singulares e apontam também para a existência de conflitos na relação trabalhador-usuário e para o exercício de poder e de novas formas de controle. Trabalho e espaços de convivência comunitária não encontram limites precisos. As narrativas dos ACS mostram sua visão a respeito dos usuários, o sentido de vínculo, demonstrando sentimento de solidariedade e compaixão, o que corrobora a proposta da ética do cuidar baseada na responsabilidade pela conexão humana. Há fragilidades na formação do ACS para lidar com as questões de cuidado em saúde. Ser da comunidade interfere na sua própria privacidade e na intervenção excessiva na vida das pessoas, reproduzindo atitude de controle dos corpos.

Abstract This article discusses the work of community health agents (ACS) focusing on the ethical problems in their daily work and care, the space of care and the disciplinary guidelines in their activities. In the scenario of changing care model, ACS have increasingly been considered differentiated workers as they belong to the community and to the health institution. These characteristics can bring a differential and potential for the production of unique therapeutic projects at the same time, which point to the existence of conflicts in the worker-user relationship and to the exercise of power and new forms of control in the primary care setting. Work and community spaces do not find precise limits. The ACS narratives show their viewpoint about users, the weaknesses in their formation, still based on actions that make them the sanitary police. There is professional hierarchy in the health team, the interviewees' statements showed the idea they have about the bond with users, which shows the feeling of solidarity and compassion, corroborating with the proposal of the ethics of caring based on responsibility for the human connection. Being from the community interferes with one's privacy and excessive intervention in people's lives, reproducing biopower attitudes in the control of bodies.

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This article uses the theory of body phenomenology and Watson's caring theory to develop and apply body ethics to the clinical healthcare profession. This attempt is meant to facilitate deep, humanistic experiences for healthcare personnel. The analysis of body phenomenology reveals that the soul is banished from her familiar and comfortable "at-home" status when illness and pain invade the body. In such situations, the body becomes an external object that is self-alienated. This experience induces experiences such as solitude and violence. However, it also holds the potential to expose the original morality of the body. Additionally, this article discusses popular tools used in clinical ethics such as principalism and virtual-based ethics, which are based on moral reasoning and moral feeling. In contrast to these, body ethics seek a more profound and humble level of sensibility that is able to implant authenticity into the ethics. Finally, we offer some suggestions related to Watson's caring theory.

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BACKGROUND: Clinical education is an essential part of the Bachelor's program in Nursing and a keystone of professional nursing education. Through clinical experiences, the student nurses acquire nursing knowledge and essential skills for professional practice. The preceptor plays a vital role in the development of student nurses becoming professional nurses. AIM: The aim of this Nordic qualitative study was to explore the experiences of good preceptorship in relation to undergraduate student nurses in clinical education from the perspective of the preceptors themselves. METHOD: Data were collected by narrative interviews with 27 preceptors in Finland and Sweden and analyzed using a hermeneutical approach. FINDINGS: A caring relationship, based on caring ethics, is seen as the foundation for learning and development. Moreover, a mutual respect is a prerequisite for fellowship and a good atmosphere. As such, encounters are characterized by reciprocity and mutuality. The preceptors have a deep sense of responsibility toward the students and the profession. Furthermore, the preceptors have an inner responsibility to guide the students into working life and to share their knowledge by acting as role models. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that preceptorship should be examined through new lenses. Moreover, preceptorship is an ethical issue that should be recognized by all stakeholders.

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Introducción. La cultura de la vida es considerada desde hace algunos años eslabón necesario para la tecnociencia, pues esta resulta ser de alto impacto para la biodiversidad, cuestión que motiva una reconstrucción de las éticas contemporáneas, las cuales se basan, finalmente, en una cultura del cuidado. Desde aquí la crítica a la tecnociencia se centra en sus efectos sobre el entramado planetario. Objetivo. Reflexionar sobre la cultura de la vida y sus repercusiones éticas desde la tecnociencia. Materiales y métodos. Se aplica el método hermenéutico en la investigación bioética, considerando documentos y textos de primera y segunda fuentes. Resultados. 1) Las dimensiones de la ética aplicada recomponen una bioética de la complejidad; 2) Las éticas aplicadas sobre la tecnociencia replantean las reflexiones por la vida en virtud del deber de cuidado total de la existencia. Conclusión. Partiendo de la bioética en sus dimensiones éticas de la complejidad, se concluye que el cuidado de la vida, a partir del cuidado de sí, el cuidado del otro y el cuidado de lo otro conforman una ética compleja del cuidado; esta toma como entramado la vida global. Sin embargo, por estar el actual desarrollo descontextualizado de la preservación de la biodiversidad, es necesario incluir la crítica al método tecnocientífico, para sustentar los aportes socio-científicos, devenidos desde la Modernidad inconclusa. Finalmente, se estructura un argumento bioético global mediador entre el entorno vital y la preservación de la biodiversidad, pues las éticas emergentes se reconfiguran puente en su mediación hacia la tecnociencia del futuro.

Introduction. The culture of life has been considered for several years as a necessary link for techno science, because it has a great impact on biodiversity and this issue motivates a reconstruction of the contemporary ethics, which are finally based on a culture of care. From here, the critic to techno science focuses on its effects on the global framework. Objective. Reflect about a culture of life and its ethical consequences according to techno science. Materials and methods. The hermeneutical method is applied in bioethical research, considering documents and texts as first and second order sources. Results. 1). The dimensions of applied ethics re-compose a bioethics for complexity; 2). Ethics applied to techno science restate the reflections about life according to the duty of taking care of the existence as a whole. Conclusion. From bioethics, in its ethical dimensions of complexity, it can be concluded that the care of life, starting from self-care, the care of others and the care for other elements, form a complex ethics of care, which takes global life as a network. However, given the current decontextualized development of the biodiversity preservation, it is necessary to include a critic to the techno scientific method in order to sustain the socio-scientific contributions coming from the unfinished modernity. Finally, a global bioethical argument between the vital environment and the preservation of biodiversity is structured, given the fact that emerging ethics are re-configuring a bridge in their mediation for the future techno science.

Introdução. A cultura da vida é considerada desde faz alguns anos elo necessário para a tecnociência, pois esta resulta ser de alto impacto para a biodiversidade, questão que motiva uma reconstrução das éticas contemporâneas, as quais se baseiam, finalmente, numa cultura do cuidado. Desde aqui a crítica à tecnociência se centra em seus efeitos sobre o entrelaçado planetário. Objetivo. Reflexionar sobre a cultura da vida e suas repercussões éticas desde a tecnociência. Materiais e métodos. Aplica-se o método hermenêutico na investigação bioética, considerando documentos e textos de primeira e segunda fontes. Resultados. 1) As dimensões da ética aplicada recompõem uma bioética da complexidade; 2) As éticas aplicadas sobre a tecnociência reformulam as reflexões pela vida em virtude do dever de cuidado total da existência. Conclusão. Partindo da bioética em suas dimensões éticas da complexidade, conclui-se que o cuidado da vida, a partir do cuidado de si, o cuidado do outro e o cuidado do outro conformam uma ética complexa do cuidado; esta tomada como entrelaçado a vida global. No entanto, por estar o atual desenvolvimento descontextualizado da preservação da biodiversidade, é necessário incluir a crítica ao método tecnocientífico, para sustentar os contribuas sócio-científicos, devindos desde a Modernidade inconclusa. Finalmente, estrutura-se um argumento bioético global mediador entre o meio vital e a preservação da biodiversidade, pois as éticas emergentes se reconfiguram ponte em sua mediação para a tecnociência do futuro.

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In the care of older people, unexpected and unpredictable situations often occur, which sometimes involve challenging ethical decision-making. This study starts off from an ethical perspective with caritative caring as the theoretical framework. The aim of this descriptive study is to describe what possibilities care givers regard themselves to have to provide good care based on ethical values in the daily care of older persons. A total of 105 (95%) care givers answered the questionnaire. The study was conducted in a municipality in the Western part of Finland during the spring of 2007. The result shows that good care based on ethical values cannot always be guaranteed in the care of older person. There are possibilities to provide the older person with individual, dignified and safe care, and to establish a caring communion and closeness in care, but without positioning these results in relation to an ethical discussion, we cannot state that the care is good enough.

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The use of traditional ethical methodologies is inadequate in addressing a constructed maternal-fetal rights conflict in a multicultural obstetrical setting. The use of caring ethics and a relational approach is better suited to address multicultural conceptualizations of autonomy and moral distress. The way power differentials, authoritative knowledge, and informed consent are intertwined in this dilemma will be illuminated by contrasting traditional bioethics and a caring ethics approach. Cultural safety is suggested as a way to develop a relational ontology. Using caring ethics and a relational approach can alleviate moral distress in health-care providers, while promoting collaboration and trust between providers and their patients and ultimately decreasing reproductive disparities. This article examines how a relational approach can be applied to a cross-cultural reproductive dilemma.

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