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Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) is a potent environmental determinant of health. To our knowledge, no assessment of genotype-environment interaction has been conducted to consider the joint effects of socioeconomic status and genetics on risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We analyzed Mexican American Family Studies (MAFS) data to evaluate the hypothesis that genotype-by-environment interaction (GxE) is an important determinant of variation in CVD risk factors. Methods: We employed a linear mixed model to investigate GxE in Mexican American extended families. We studied two proxies for CVD [Pooled Cohort Equation Risk Scores/Framingham Risk Scores (FRS/PCRS) and carotid artery intima-media thickness (CA-IMT)] in relation to socioeconomic status as determined by Duncan's Socioeconomic Index (SEI), years of education, and household income. Results: We calculated heritability for FRS/PCRS and carotid artery intima-media thickness. There was evidence of GxE due to additive genetic variance heterogeneity and genetic correlation for FRS, PCRS, and CA-IMT measures for education (environment) but not for household income or SEI. Conclusion: The genetic effects underlying CVD are dynamically modulated at the lower end of the SES spectrum. There is a significant change in the genetic architecture underlying the major components of CVD in response to changes in education.

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A atenção primária à saúde (APS) compreende não só a promoção à saúde e a prevençãode agravos a partir de um cuidado constante, como também um conjunto de serviços desaúde direcionados para as necessidades do indivíduo e de uma coletividade. Comoproblematização de estudo discute-se o município do Rio de Janeiro com a ampliação daESF, esta reduzindo as internações por condições cardiovasculares sensíveis à atençãoprimária. Tema de estudo: A expansão da Estratégia Saúde da Família reduz o número deinternações por condições cardiovasculares sensíveis à atenção primária no município doRio de Janeiro? Objetivo: Apresentar a taxa das Internações Cardiovasculares Sensíveis àAtenção Primária (ICSAP) e a relação com a cobertura da ESF no município do Rio deJaneiro no período de 2008 a 2013. Método: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, do tipoecológico, considerando como unidade de análise a população pertencente ao município doRio de Janeiro, adotando-se o período entre janeiro de 2008 e dezembro de 2013. Tendocomo variáveis: idade, sexo, AP de residência, cobertura da ESF, cobertura populacionalda ESF e número de habitantes por AP e o indicador de saúde, que envolve as internaçõeshospitalares sensíveis à atenção primária, optou-se pelos grupos de causascardiovasculares: hipertensão arterial (I10, I11), angina pectoris (I20), insuficiênciacardíaca congestiva (I50, J81) e doenças cerebrovasculares (I63 a I67, I69, G45 e G46).Resultado: Aumento da cobertura, saindo de 8,1% para 39,41% em dezembro de 2013.Ampliação do número de equipes habilitadas de 266 em dezembro de 2010 para 734equipes habilitadas em dezembro de 2013. Na AP 5.3 observa-se redução para o grupo dehipertensão. Nas APs 2.1, 3.1, 3.2 e 4.0 foi apresentada redução para o grupo deinsuficiência cardíaca. No grupo das doenças cerebrovasculares as APs que apresentaram redução foram...

The Primary Healthcare encompasses not only the promotion of Health, and the preventionof damages, by the ongoing care, as well as a set of Health Services directed to the needsof the individual and the colective. As the Study’s Problematization the Municipality ofRio de Janeiro is discussed, with the ampliation of the Family Health Strategy, which isreducing hospitalizations for cardio-vascular conditions sensible to the primary care. Studytheme: Does the expansion of the Family Health Strategy reduces the number ofhospitalizations for cardio-vascular conditions sensible to the primary care? Objective: Topresent the level of Cardio-vascular Hospitalizations Sensible to Primary Care, and therelation to the coverage of the Family Care Strategy in the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro,in the period from 2008 to 2013. Method: This is a Quantitative Study, of the ecologicaltype, considering as it’s analysis unit the population of the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro,and the period from January 2008 to December 2013 was adopted. The variablesconsidered were age, gender, Primary Care unit of residence, coverage of the FamilyHealth Strategy, populational coverage of the Family Health Strategy, and the number ofinhabitants per Primary Care unit, as well as the health indicator, which involves thehospitalizations sensible to primary care. The cardio-vascular causes groups were chosen:high blood pressure (I10, I11), angina pectoris (I20), gongestive heart failure (I50, J81),and cerebro-vascular diseases (I63 a I67, I69, G45 e G46). Results: The broadening ofcoverage, from 8.1% to 39.41% in December, 2013. The growth in the number ofcapacitated staff, from 266 in December, 2010, to 734 in December, 2013. At the PrimaryCare Unit 5.3, a reduction for the hipertension group is observed. At the Primary CareUnits 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, and 4.0, a reduction for the heart failure group was presented. In thecerebro-vascular group, the Primary Units that presented reductions were...

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Apolipoprotein gene polymorphism has an important role in lipid metabolism and in the development of cerebro- and cardio-vascular disease (CCVD), including dementia. Dyslipidemia and hemostatic abnormalities are key risk factors associated with athero-sclerotic events preceding CCVD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible relationships of various apolipoprotein-species with hemostatic parameters and cognitive function. Lipid profile, gene polymorphism, coagulation markers, and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores were assessed in 109 dys-lipidemic subjects and in 107 healthy control volunteers. Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) plasma levels were significantly higher in apolipoprotein-E2 (apoE2) patients when compared to other apoE forms. The apoA5 -1131T>C polymorphism was associated with elevated D-dimer concentration in dyslipidemic TT homozygous individuals. MMSE did not correlate with lipid or coagulation profile. These data suggest that apoE and apoA5 variants have an effect on hemostatic parameters, but they neither influence nor predict cognitive performance in non-demented individuals.

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