RESUMEN
Non-fasting hypertriacylglycerolaemia is a risk factor for CVD and the amount of fat in a meal seems to be the main factor influencing postprandial lipaemia. Although several studies suggest that Ca can increase faecal fat excretion, it is not known whether Ca can decrease postprandial TAG. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of dietary Ca (DC) and supplemental Ca (SC) on lipaemia, glucose metabolism, C-reactive protein (CRP) and adiponectin during postprandial period in obese women challenged with a high-fat meal. In this cross-over controlled trial, sixteen obese women aged 20-50 years were randomly assigned to receive three test meals (approximately 2900 kJ; 48 % fat): high DC (547 mg DC), high SC (HSCM; 500 mg SC-calcium carbonate) and low Ca (42 mg DC). Blood samples were collected in the fasting period and at minutes 120 and 240 after meals to evaluate total cholesterol and fractions, TAG, glucose, insulin, high-sensitivity CRP and adiponectin. Serum levels of TAG and insulin increased significantly after all test meals. Only after HSCM total cholesterol did not present a significant increase and LDL-cholesterol had a significant decrease. Postprandial glucose, HDL-cholesterol, CRP and adiponectin did not present significant changes after the three test meals. The comparative analysis of the effects of the three test meals on serum lipids, glucose, insulin, CRP and adiponectin revealed no significant meal-by-time interaction. These results suggest that in obese women challenged with a high-fat meal DC and SC do not interfere with postprandial lipaemia, glucose metabolism, CRP and adiponectin.
Asunto(s)
Adiponectina/sangre , Glucemia/metabolismo , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Calcio de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Suplementos Dietéticos , Hiperlipidemias/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , Estudios Cruzados , Dieta , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Grasas de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Proteínas en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Ayuno , Femenino , Humanos , Hiperlipidemias/sangre , Insulina/sangre , Comidas , Persona de Mediana Edad , Evaluación Nutricional , Obesidad/sangre , Periodo Posprandial , Método Simple Ciego , Triglicéridos/sangre , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Recent studies suggest that supplemental Ca (SC) increases the risk of cardiovascular events, whereas dietary Ca (DC) decreases the risk of cardiovascular events. Although frequently consumed with meals, it remains unclear whether Ca can mitigate or aggravate the deleterious effects of a high-fat meal on cardiovascular risk factors. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of SC or DC on blood pressure (BP) and microvascular function (MVF) in the postprandial period in obese women challenged with a high-fat meal. In this cross-over controlled trial, sixteen obese women aged 20-50 years were randomly assigned to receive three test meals (2908 kJ (695 kcal); 48 % fat): high DC (HDCM; 547 mg DC), high SC (HSCM; 500 mg SC-calcium carbonate) and low Ca (LCM; 42 mg DC). BP was continuously evaluated from 15 min before to 120 min after meals by digital photoplethysmography. Before and 120 min after meals, participants underwent evaluation of serum Ca and microvascular flow after postocclusive reactive hyperaemia (PORH) by laser speckle contrast imaging. Ionised serum Ca rose significantly only after HSCM. Systolic BP increased after the three meals, whereas diastolic BP increased after LCM and HDCM. Hyperaemia peak, hyperaemia amplitude and AUC evaluated after PORH decreased with LCM. After HDCM, there was a reduction in hyperaemia peak and hyperaemia amplitude, whereas HSCM decreased only hyperaemia peak. However, comparative analyses of the effects of three test meals on serum Ca, BP and MVF revealed no significant meal×time interaction. This study suggests that in obese women SC and DC do not interfere with the effects of a high-fat meal on BP and MVF.
Asunto(s)
Conservadores de la Densidad Ósea/uso terapéutico , Calcio de la Dieta/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Productos Lácteos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Microvasos/fisiopatología , Obesidad/fisiopatología , Adulto , Presión Sanguínea , Índice de Masa Corporal , Conservadores de la Densidad Ósea/efectos adversos , Brasil/epidemiología , Calcio/sangre , Carbonato de Calcio/administración & dosificación , Calcio de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Calcio de la Dieta/efectos adversos , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etiología , Estudios Cruzados , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Suplementos Dietéticos/efectos adversos , Femenino , Antebrazo , Frecuencia Cardíaca , Humanos , Hiperemia/etiología , Hiperemia/prevención & control , Obesidad/sangre , Periodo Posprandial , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Epidemiological studies show that a high calcium intake reduces the risk of colon cancer. The objective was to study the association between calcium intake and colorectal neoplasia in a clinic-based sample of Hispanics adults from Puerto Rico. As part of this cross-sectional study, a total of 433 subjects were recruited from surgery and gastroenterology clinics at the University of Puerto Rico. Calcium intake was estimated using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) of calcium rich foods. Socio-demographics, health history and colonoscopy results were obtained from the primary study. Chi square and odds ratios (OR) for colorectal neoplasia (adenomas and/or adenocarcinoma) were calculated for total calcium, dietary calcium and for calcium supplement use. In total, 312 (72%) from 433 participants completed the FFQ and had available colonoscopy results; from these, 196 (62.5%) were free of neoplasia and 117 (37.5%) had colorectal neoplasia. Colorectal neoplasia subjects were older, a lower proportion were females and less educated than those without neoplasia (p<0.01). Total calcium intake (median 1180 mg/d) was greater in those free of neoplasia compared to colorectal neoplasia subjects (median 1036 mg/d; p<0.05). A high total calcium intake and the use of calcium supplements significantly reduced the OR (crude and age adjusted) for colorectal neoplasia; although these associations lost statistical significance after additionally adjusting for gender and educational level. In conclusion, a high calcium intake and the use of calcium supplements may be protective against colorectal neoplasia, although a greater sample may be required to observe significant associations in a multivariate model.
Los estudios muestran que un alto consumo de calcio reduce el riesgo de cáncer de colon. El objetivo del presente estudio fue estudiar la asociación entre el consumo de calcio y la neoplasia colorrectal en una muestra de hispanos adultos en Puerto Rico. Un total de 433 sujetos fueron reclutados de las clínicas de cirugía y gastroenterología de la Universidad de Puerto Rico. El consumo de calcio fue estimado usando un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo (CFC) de alimentos ricos en calcio. Los datos socio-demográficos y la colonoscopia se obtuvieron del estudio principal. Se calculó el Ji² y la razón de productos cruzados de neoplasia colorrectal por el consumo total, dietético y uso de suplementos de calcio. Un total de 312 (72%) de 433 participantes completaron el estudio; de éstos, 196 (62.5%) estaban libres de neoplasia y 117 (37.5%) tenían neoplasia colorrectal, los cuales eran de mayor edad, con menor proporción de mujeres y menos educados que aquellos sin neoplasia (p<0.01). El consumo total de calcio (mediana 1180 mg/d) fue mayor en sujetos sin neoplasia que los sujetos con neoplasia (mediana 1036 mg/d; p<0.05). Un alto consumo total de calcio y el uso de suplementos de calcio redujo significativamente la posibilidad (crudo y ajustado por edad) de neoplasia colorrectal; aunque no fue significativo cuando se ajusto también por género y educación. En conclusión, un alto consumo de calcio y el uso de suplementos de calcio pueden proteger contra la neoplasia colorrectal, aunque se requieren más sujetos para ver asociaciones significativas en el modelo multivariado.