RESUMEN
Coronaviruses can cause respiratory, gastrointestinal, and central nervous system diseases in humans and animals, have the ability to adapt through mutations, and are programmed to modify host tropism. SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) has been shown to be a highly thrombogenic disease, generating deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and acute ischemia, in patients even without previous pathology. Coronaviruses can cross the species barrier and infect humans with unexpected consequences for public health. The transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2 is higher compared to that of closely related SARS-CoV infections. Key residues of the spike protein have a higher binding affinity for ACE2. These may be the reason for the higher transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 has been shown in some patients to be a highly thrombogenic disease, both venous and arterial, generating deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and acute ischemia, both in patients without previous pathology as with them.There is molecular evidence of the state of hyper coagulability in COVID-19; the first observations were made by Wang, in 2020, when analyzing the levels of fibrinogen and D-dimer in patients with COVID-19 and finding elevated levels up to 75% above the laboratory controls. We present the case of a 62-year-old male with mild symptoms of COVID-19 and outpatient management, at the end of the clinical disease he presented an acute abdomen secondary to mesenteric ischemia, with good postoperative evolution.
Los coronavirus pueden causar enfermedades respiratorias, gastrointestinales y del sistema nervioso central en seres humanos y animales; tienen la capacidad para adaptarse por medio de mutaciones y son programados para modificar el tropismo del huésped. La infección por el SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) genera trombosis venosa profunda, embolismo pulmonar y cuadros de isquemia aguda, en pacientes sin afección previa. Los coronavirus infectan a los seres humanos con consecuencias inesperadas para la salud pública. La tasa de transmisión de la infección por el SARS-CoV-2 es más alta en comparación con las infecciones por SARS-CoV estrechamente relacionadas. Los residuos clave de la proteína espiga tienen mayor afinidad de unión por el receptor de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (ECA2). Esta puede ser la razón de la mayor tasa de transmisión de SARS-CoV-2. La COVID-19 ha demostrado, en algunos pacientes, ser una enfermedad altamente trombogénica, tanto venosa como arterial, dado que genera trombosis venosa profunda, embolismo pulmonar y cuadros de isquemia aguda, tanto en pacientes sin afecciones previas como con ellas. Existe evidencia molecular del estado de hipercoagulabilidad en la COVID-19; las primeras observaciones fueron realizadas por Wang en 2020, al analizar los niveles de fibrinógeno y dímero-D en pacientes con COVID-19, y encontrar niveles elevados hasta 75% por arriba de los controles de laboratorio. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 62 años, con un cuadro leve de COVID-19 y abordaje ambulatorio; al término de la enfermedad clínica presentó abdomen agudo secundario a isquemia mesentérica, con buena evolución en el posoperatorio.
Asunto(s)
Isquemia Mesentérica , Trombosis , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Abdomen Agudo , IsquemiaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Evisceration of the small bowel through the vagina is an extremely rare condition and a life-threatening surgical emergency. Complications associated with this condition include bowel ischemia, abdominal sepsis, and deep vein thrombosis. Therefore, prompt surgical consultation and treatment are crucial as delay in treatment can lead to a grim outcome. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 50-year-old female obese patient with a past medical history of uterine surgery. During a cough episode, she experienced sudden transvaginal evisceration that required emergent surgery. Thankfully she fully recovered and is doing well. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Transvaginal evisceration is a life-threatening and extremely rare pathology; it requires urgent diagnosis and surgical intervention since bowel viability can be compromised. During these rare events, interdisciplinary surgical cooperation is vital to obtain the best possible outcome for patients.
RESUMEN
Meckel's diverticulum is a congenital anomaly, resulting from incomplete obliteration of the most proximal portion of the omphalomesenteric duct. It generally remains silent, but life-threatening complications may arise in 4-6% of the patients. We present a case of a 16-year-old male, who arrived at the emergency room with crampy abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, suggestive of acute appendicitis. Surgical exploration revealed 150 cm of infarcted small bowel, secondary to a mesodiverticular band of a Meckel's diverticulum at the site of obstruction. The ischemic small bowel with Meckel's diverticulum was resected, and an ileo-ileal anastomosis was carried out. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on the fifth postoperative day. He was seen 12 months after his initial surgery, with a favorable outcome.
Asunto(s)
Infarto/etiología , Intestino Delgado/irrigación sanguínea , Divertículo Ileal/complicaciones , Adolescente , Humanos , Infarto/diagnóstico por imagen , Infarto/cirugía , Intestino Delgado/diagnóstico por imagen , Intestino Delgado/cirugía , Masculino , Radiografía AbdominalRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Procalcitonin is a quite specific biomarker of infection and in recent years has shown its superiority to others markers of inflammation, such as C-reactive protein, for the diagnosis and monitoring of a variety of infections. AIM: For this reason, several researchers have studied the potential role of procalcitonin for diagnosis and management of these infections. DISCUSSION: Intra-abdominal infections are a heterogeneous group of infections that, sometimes, pose difficult challenges to physicians. The published studies have produced mixed results, leading to controversy on the utility of this marker in intra-abdominal infections. CONCLUSIONS: This review summarizes these data and discuss the utility of procalcitonin in several intra abdominal infections, including postoperative infections.
Antecedentes: la procalcitonina es un marcador bastante específico de infección y en los últimos años se ha demostrado su superioridad, con respecto a otros marcadores de inflamación como la proteína C reactiva, para el diagnóstico y vigilancia de una gran variedad de infecciones. Objetivo: resumir los datos actualmente existentes y discutir la utilidad de la procalcitonina en diversas infecciones intrabdominales, incluidas las postoperatorias. Conclusiones: los resultados de estudios hasta ahora publicados son variables, lo que genera controversia en relación con su utilidad.