RESUMEN
Can training police officers on how to best interact with the public actually improve their interactions with community members? This has been a challenging question to answer. Interpersonal aspects of policing are consequential but largely invisible in administrative records commonly used for evaluation. In this study, we offer a solution: body-worn camera footage captures police-community interactions and how they might change as a function of training. Using this footage-as-data approach, we consider changes in officers' communication following procedural justice training in Oakland, CA, USA, one module of which sought to increase officer-communicated respect during traffic stops. We applied natural language processing tools and expert annotations of traffic stop recordings to detect whether officers enacted the five behaviors recommended in this module. Compared with recordings of stops that occurred prior to the training, we find that officers employed more of these techniques in posttraining stops; officers were more likely to express concern for drivers' safety, offer reassurance, and provide explicit reasons for the stop. These methods demonstrate the promise of a footage-as-data approach to capture and affect change in police-community interactions.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Monitoring healthcare workers' (HCWs) hand hygiene (HH) performance is recommended for improving compliance. Observer biases challenge data validity, thus supplemental approaches such as video observation are needed to complement monitoring. METHODS: We investigate first-person view (FPV) video observation during simulated standardized patient care handling a catheter in a study with 71 HCWs. HH performance was evaluated for (1) all HH opportunities and (2) a subset of opportunities required in an ideal work sequence, hereafter core opportunities. HCWs' acceptance of FPV video observation and usability judgments were assessed. RESULTS: Compliance level for core HH opportunities (Mâ¯=â¯43.5%) was significantly higher than compliance considering all opportunities (Mâ¯=â¯30.4%, t(70)â¯=â¯8.493, P < .001). Reducing HH opportunities to core opportunities would significantly increase compliance levels from the observed average of 30.4% to 44.9% (t(70)â¯=â¯12.822, P < .001). Overall, both usability ratings and acceptance of the body camera were promising. DISCUSSION: FPV video observation in simulated standardized patient care provides new instruments to evaluate HH performance beyond mere compliance rates. Our results emphasize the role of optimizing workflow in order to improve HCW's HH compliance. CONCLUSIONS: FPV video observation in a standardized patient care simulation is feasible and offers information for HH interventions that target actual deficiencies.
Asunto(s)
Adhesión a Directriz/estadística & datos numéricos , Higiene de las Manos/estadística & datos numéricos , Atención al Paciente/estadística & datos numéricos , Personal de Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Rendimiento Laboral/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Cateterismo Periférico/efectos adversos , Cateterismo Periférico/normas , Infección Hospitalaria/etiología , Infección Hospitalaria/prevención & control , Femenino , Higiene de las Manos/normas , Humanos , Control de Infecciones/normas , Control de Infecciones/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Atención al Paciente/normas , Simulación de Paciente , Personal de Hospital/normas , Grabación en Video , Flujo de TrabajoRESUMEN
Police departments use body-worn cameras (body cams) and dashboard cameras (dash cams) to monitor the activity of police officers in the field. Video from these cameras informs review of police conduct in disputed circumstances, often with the goal of determining an officer's intent. Eight experiments (N = 2,119) reveal that body cam video of an incident results in lower observer judgments of intentionality than dash cam video of the same incident, an effect documented with both scripted videos and real police videos. This effect was due, in part, to variation in the visual salience of the focal actor: the body cam wearer is typically less visually salient when depicted in body versus dash cam video, which corresponds with lower observer intentionality judgments. In showing how visual salience of the focal actor may introduce unique effects on observer judgment, this research establishes an empirical platform that may inform public policy regarding surveillance of police conduct.