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BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major complication of breast cancer surgical patients. Assessing VTE awareness enables medical staff to tailor educational programs that improve patient self-management and reduce VTE risk. Therefore, this study aimed to assess VTE awareness among breast cancer surgical patients and identify factors influencing their awareness level. METHODS: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted on breast cancer patients scheduled for surgery from May 2023 to November 2023. Data were collected using a general information form and a validated self-assessment questionnaire on VTE awareness for breast cancer surgical patients. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Of 1969 patients included, the term awareness rates for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism were 42.5% and 26.1%, respectively. Information about VTE was primarily obtained from doctors (30.4%), nurses (24.0%), and social media (23.3%). The overall average VTE awareness score was 1.55 ± 0.53, with the dimension of VTE preventive measures scoring highest, and VTE clinical symptoms/signs scoring lowest. Multivariate analysis identified education level, personal VTE history, chemotherapy and surgical history, and the hospital's regional location as significant factors associated with VTE awareness level (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study highlights a critical need for improved VTE awareness among breast cancer surgical patients, particularly regarding clinical symptoms/signs. Health education programs are recommended especially tailored for patients with lower education levels, no history of VTE, or without prior surgery or chemotherapy, to improve their understanding of VTE.

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OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic underscores the need for workforce awareness-level training for infectious disease outbreaks. A training program was created and evaluated to provide strategies for emergency preparedness as well as worker health and safety during a disease outbreak. METHODS: Participants (N = 292) completed instructor-led synchronous online training modules between January 2022 and February 2023. Training covered 5 areas: vaccine awareness, infectious disease transmission and prevention, pandemic awareness, and inapparent infections, as well as workplace controls to reduce or remove hazards. Participants completed a survey before and after training to assess knowledge change in the five areas. Chi-square analyses assessed how predictors were related to knowledge change. RESULTS: Overall, an increase in knowledge was observed between pre- (80.9%) and post-training (92.7%). Participants from small businesses, with less work experience, and in non-health care roles were under-informed. Knowledge of disease transmission and prevention improved for non-health care professions and workers with less experience. All participants gained knowledge in identifying and ranking safeguards to protect workers from injuries and illness at job sites. CONCLUSIONS: Training improved employee knowledge about safe work practices and pandemic preparedness. Studies should continue to evaluate the effectiveness of preparedness training to prepare the workforce for infectious disease outbreaks and pandemics.

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Introduction: The medical staff involved in adverse events, referred to as second victims, usually suffer second victim syndrome endangering their health. Still, there are few organizational support projects in this area in China. Objective: To explore the effect of mindfulness meditation on the level and needs of organizational support, and mindfulness awareness among nurses as second victims. Methods: Forty-six nurses from a comprehensive tertiary hospital in Wuhan, China were selected to participate in the study. This study was conducted using a convenience sampling method for eight weeks of mindfulness meditation intervention. The Second Victim Experience and Support Tool and Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale were used to assessing the need for support and mindfulness awareness of nurses prior to intervention, during the fourth and eighth weeks of intervention, and at the conclusion of the intervention course. Results: The difference between the scores measured before the intervention, in the fourth week, and in the eighth week of intervention showed that the need for the second victim support from work-related organizations was significant (F = 34.513, p = .000); there was no significant difference in the scores related to the need for nonwork-related support of the second victim in the participating nurses (F = 1.373, p = .257); the scores of the level of mindfulness awareness were (64.85 ± 11.41), (68.63 ± 11.33), and (71.20 ± 8.41), a significant difference (F = 18.848; p = .000) was found in terms of before and after the intervention; nurses' second victim support needs gradually shifted from evasion to confronting problems appropriately. Conclusion: Mindfulness meditation intervention is applicable to the second victim population of nurses. It is an effective way to support second victim nurses and can effectively improve their level of mindfulness and awareness.

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INTRODUCTION: This study was carried out to evaluate the awareness of radiation protection, radiation types, medical imaging equipment and radiation effects among nurses for the first time in Sri Lanka. Since nurses are involved as direct caregivers in diagnostic and therapeutic radiography and radiation treatment procedures, they need to have a good understanding of the areas mentioned above. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 391 nurses working in hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare settings. Forwarded questions gathered the participants' demographic details and assessed their awareness of radiation protection, medical imaging equipment, radiation type and radiation effects. The average score per awareness area for each demographic characteristic was calculated based on the responses. Additionally, the percentage of participants who scored above 50 and 75 was calculated for each awareness area. RESULTS: The majority were female participants (81.1%) and possessed a diploma in nursing (66.0%) with 10.8 years of average work experience. 92.3%, 74.7%, 69.8% and 22.3% of the participants scored more than 50 marks for the questions related to radiation protection, medical imaging equipment, radiation type and radiation effects, respectively. The level of nursing education and prior training in radiation protection significantly influenced all awareness areas, whereas participants with a graduate qualification in nursing and with prior radiation protection training scored the highest average marks. CONCLUSION: Based on the scores obtained, the Sri Lankan nurses have satisfactory awareness of the essential concepts related to radiation types, medical imaging equipment and radiation protection. However, there is a significant lacking of awareness of radiation effects. This can be attributed to the fact that most participants did not have any formal training in radiation protection. The results implicate that proper training in radiation protection can significantly influence awareness of radiation protection and related concepts. Therefore, it is a timely requirement to initiate short awareness programs and continuing education programs on radiation protection for nurses working in specialised radiation units. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The study suggests the necessity of initiating continuous education programs for nursing staff radiation protection to overcome the awareness gaps.

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What countermeasures should the public take as they become aware of the dangers of haze pollution? Insurance has the function of risk diversification, and little existing literature has focused on the relationship between haze pollution and commercial health insurance. This paper analyzes the impact of haze pollution on residents' demand for commercial health insurance and the heterogeneous impact of institutional environment using the 2017 China Household Finance Survey cross-sectional data (CHFS). The study finds that haze pollution raises residents' demand for commercial health insurance as their health risk perception level rises. The legal environment, market environment, and traditional culture affect the relationship between haze pollution and the demand for commercial health insurance. Further analysis reveals that the relationship between haze pollution and residents' demand for commercial health insurance can show significant regional heterogeneity, with a significant positive correlation in the eastern region and a significant negative correlation in the central and western regions. In addition, the preventive behaviors adopted by residents in the face of haze pollution can vary significantly depending on individual risk preferences. The findings of this paper are important for the public to take measures to cope with the haze pollution hazards. At the same time, insurance companies should improve their services to meet the needs of the public regarding haze pollution, which will contribute to the healthy development of the insurance industry.

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(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiation awareness level of the public in Taiwan. (2) Methods: This study designed an online survey form to investigate the radiation awareness level with six topics: basic knowledge of radiation, environmental radiation, medical radiation, radiation protection, and university/corporate social responsibility. The score of respondents were converted into knowledge and responsibility indexes for the quantitative evaluation. Logistic regression was used to assess the correlation between the knowledge index and individual factors. Paired t-test was used to assess the significant difference in knowledge index between pre-training and post-training. (3) Results: The knowledge index of each job category reflected the proportion of radiation awareness of the job. The logistic regression result indicated that radiation-related people could get higher knowledge index. The paired t-test indicated that the knowledge index before and after class had significant differences in all question topics. (4) Conclusions: The public's awareness of medical radiation was the topic that needed to be strengthened the most-the responses with high knowledge index significantly correlated with their experience in radiation education training or radiation-related jobs. It significantly increased the knowledge index of radiation if the public received radiation education training.

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Introduction: the important position that teachers occupy in school settings make them indispensable in the effective delivery of the School Health Programme (SHP). This study assessed the SHP knowledge of primary school teachers and the perception of their roles in the successful delivery of the programme in Ondo State, Nigeria. Methods: this was a cross-sectional descriptive study. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 400 teachers from 42 primary schools, from the study population. A semi-structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Each respondent´s aggregate score was classified as being poor knowledge, if it was < 50% of the maximum obtainable score and good knowledge, if it was equal or more than 50% of the maximum obtainable score. Results: the majority of the teachers (76%) demonstrated poor knowledge of the programme. Yet, a good number of them, believe they have a part to play in the implementation of the SHP. Academic qualification was found to be statistically associated with SHP knowledge (p < 0.01). Length of time in teaching service (p= 0.035; OR=1.033; 95%CI = 1.002- 1.065) was found to be a predictor of adequate SHP knowledge. Conclusion: the SHP knowledge of the teachers was found to be inadequate. Although, most of the teachers agreed that they had roles to play in the SHP delivery, a sizeable number of them could not state what those roles entailed. It is recommended, therefore, that government and all stakeholders in education and health sectors should conduct trainings on SHP, focusing on teachers´ roles in the school community.

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The research was conducted in order to increase the knowledge and awareness of parents with children between the ages of 4-6 during the COVID-19 pandemic process, through social media applications and programs. The research was designed as a quasi-experimental study with pre-testing, post-testing, and control groups using a quantitative research method. There are 67 parents in the study group, 32 of which are experimental, and 35 are of a controlled group. Data was obtained using The Personal Information Form, Child Neglect and Abuse Awareness Scale for Parents, and Parental Abuse Scale. The "Child Neglect and Abuse WhatsApp and Online Education Program" was applied to the participants in the experimental group. Each day, three messages were sent to the participants in the experimental group on the subjects of child neglect, physical abuse, emotional abuse and sexual abuse, respectively. In addition, online training was given on the same subjects and in the same order in four sessions over the Zoom application. The participants in the control group did not receive any intervention. Before and after the implementation of the Child Neglect and Abuse WhatsApp and Online Education Program, data collection tools were given to the participants in the experimental and control groups. Paired samples t Test, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test were used to analyze the data. As a result of the study, there was no statistically significant difference between the pre-test scores and the post test scores of the parents in the control group. When the differences between the pre and post test scores of the parents in the experimental group and the pre and post tests scores of the parents in the experimental and control groups were compared, it was observed that there was a significant difference in favor of the experimental group. In line with this result, it can be said that the education applied has had an impact on the parents' knowledge and awareness of child neglect and abuse.

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BACKGROUND: Minimal sedation has made it possible to communicate and cooperate with intensive care patients and mobilisation can start earlier during their stay in the intensive care unit. PURPOSE: To investigate the intensive care patient's reaction and interaction to mobilisation. METHOD: This study used focused ethnography combining observations, interviews and four scores for evaluating awareness, and pain levels were included: Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale Confusion Assessment Method For The Intensive Care Unit, Numeric Rating Scale and Critical Pain Observation Tool. Twelve patients were observed during mobilisation, with subsequent interviews of the involved nurses. FINDINGS: Nurses run the risk of overlooking the patient's reactions, such as pain, discomfort or needs during mobilisation. Nurses use several different ways of communicating to create contact with the patients. Patients with an impaired awareness level become more aware during mobilisation. CONCLUSIONS: If the nurse's attention is focused on the technical side of caregiving, there is a risk that she might overlook the patient's reactions and needs. If the nurse is aware of the risk of overlooking the patient's reactions, she may plan the mobilisation to ensure that the patient gets the necessary attention and is included in the process. In that way, the patient might avoid unnecessary discomfort and maintain trust and confidence in the nurse.

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Awareness of medical students towards forensic medicinewas assessed at Albaha University, Saudi Arabia in 2016. This report aimed to provide detail descriptive and analytical findings of the cross-sectional survey conducted to explore the medical students' awareness towards forensic medicine and the factors affecting their choice of this specialty in the future. It was found that more than half of the students (63.3%) had poor awareness towards forensic medicine. Personal reasons (84.2%) were the main factors affecting the students' choice of forensic medicine as specialty in the future. Students' level of study was solo predictive for their awareness level using binary logistic regression (B = - 2.485, Wald test = 14.276, P = 0.000). Early exposure to, and well-distributed forensic medicine themes throughout the medical school phases, is needed to pivotally include this specialty in the students' future alternatives.

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Background: Knowledge management (KM) is a recipe for increasing performance and promoting innovation in tertiary institutions. However, some scholars argue that the Nigerian educational sector is yet to fully appreciate the importance of KM as their KM awareness level is still low. Since measurement is the basic foundation to accomplish success, this paper assesses the KM awareness level in tertiary institutions of south-west Nigeria. Methods: We applied a survey method using a closed ended questionnaire administered to 50 participants from each of the 10 institutions measured by Likert scaling. Employing SPSS for data analysis, frequency count and percentage score were adopted to analyse the demographic data, and the research hypotheses were analysed with chi square test, Pearson chi square and bivariate correlation (Pearson) analysis. Results: A positive relationship between awareness, current status and level of familiarity was noted. KM awareness level in the institutions is high even though there is a significant difference between the public and private universities, as well as between the students and academic staff. Conclusions: Since an increase in the awareness level increases both current status and level of familiarity which often account for KM success, it is recommend that KM awareness level should continuously be improved upon in Nigerian tertiary institutions.

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The flow rate of rivers are affected when modifications are made for the benefit of mankind. Some man-made alterations carried out include dam construction. The aim of this study was to investigate the health impact of the Bui dam with respect to the prevalence and awareness level of schistosomiasis in a typical damming environment. The study was conducted in 4 riparian communities within the dam catchment area. A cross-sectional study design was employed to interview 350 individuals. Urine and stool samples were also collected from 386 participants. Results of the study showed that, knowledge of schistosomiasis was significantly greater in close communities (99.47%) than their far counterparts (50.29%) (p > 0.001; OR = 172). Schistosomiasis infection rate in the close communities (32.57%) were significantly greater in far communities (7.23%; p ≤ 0.0001). The overall prevalence of 82 (21.1%) was recorded for Schistosoma haematobium and 64 (16.1%) for Schistosoma mansoni. A significantly high prevalence of S. haematobium (43.3%) was found in the age group 15-24 with no prevalence reported for age group 5-9 (Close communities) (p = 0.012). When the same age group was further examined for S. mansonii, group 5-9 recorded a prevalence of 0% with age group 10-14 showing a high prevalence of 26.1% (p = 0.047). From the study, it was concluded that, though awareness level of Schistosomiasis knowledge on the cause, mode of transmission and symptoms were high, they were ignorant on personal preventive strategies. In addition, the study also revealed that, S. haematobium was more prevalent among inhabitants living closer to the Bui dam with children less than 14 years of age being the worst affected.

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The hepatitis B (HB) awareness level is an important factor affecting the rates of HB virus vaccination. To better understand income-related inequalities in the HB awareness level, it is imperative to identify the sources of inequalities and assess the contribution rates of these influential factors. This study analyzed the unequal distribution of the HB awareness level and the contributions of various influential factors. We performed a cross-sectional household survey with questionnaire-based, face-to-face interviews in 7 Chinese provinces. Responses from 7271 respondents were used in this analysis. Multinomial logistic regression was used for the analysis of contributing factors, and the concentration index was used as a measure of HB awareness inequalities. The HB awareness level varied across participants with different characteristics. Multinomial logistic regression of the explanatory factors of the HB awareness level showed that several estimated coefficients and relative risk ratios were statistically significant for middle- and high-level awareness, except for sex, occupation, and household income. The concentration index of the HB knowledge score was 0.140, indicating inequality gradients disadvantageous to the poor. The contribution rate of socioeconomic factors was the largest (60.8%), followed by demographic characteristics (29.0%) and geographic factors (4.3%). Demographic, socioeconomic, and geographic factors are associated with the HB awareness inequality. Therefore, to reduce inequality, HB-related health education targeting individuals with low socioeconomic status should be performed. Less-developed provinces, especially with high proportions of poor residents, warrant particular attention. Our findings may be beneficial to improve the HB virus vaccination rate for individuals with low socioeconomic status.

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BACKGROUND: The study tries to understand what are the dimensions of Reproductive Health care seeking behavior among the urban slum women in Delhi, their level of awareness and treatment seeking patterns? MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out in one of the slum in south district of Delhi. 253 women of reproductive age group were selected by systematic random sampling. Interpersonal interview was conducted to seek information on the selected parameter. RESULTS: Around three/fourth women had undergone for blood pressure check up, weight recording and stomach/abdomen check up during pregnancy. Only 39.9% received advice on avoiding intake of medicine during pregnancy. About 14.6% mentioned that at least 40 days rest were required for resuming daily routine activities after delivery. Thus majority of these slum women are ignorant about the importance of post natal care which was necessary for post delivery care of the women and her infant. CONCLUSION: The correct knowledge on the importance of ANC and PNC and various checkups need to be carried out during pregnancy and postnatal period needs to be imparted to these women. Thus, health education and health promotion campaigns are needed for bring changes in the existing health-seeking behaviors among urban slum women.

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This work extends a mathematical model for the transmission dynamics of tuberculosis that examined the impact of certain factors on tuberculosis case detection (Okuonghae and Omosigho, 2011). The extended model now classifies the latently infected individuals by their level of tuberculosis awareness (as was done for the susceptible sub-population) and further expands the number of key factors that can positively affect the tuberculosis case detection rate. The effect of these identified factors on the associated reproduction number of the model is considered. It is shown that the system can undergo the phenomenon of backward bifurcation when the associated reproduction number of the model is less than unity; in a special case, the effect of exogenous re-infection on the backward bifurcation phenomenon is significantly dictated by the level of awareness of the latently infected individuals. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the model showed the effect of key identified factors on the dynamics of tuberculosis while suggesting a serious concentration on tuberculosis awareness programmes, active case finding strategies and use of active cough identification for identifying likely TB cases and sustaining awareness campaigns over a long period of time.

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Objective To explore the effect of comprehensive intervention method in improving the family planning ser-vice of floating population. Methods A total of 523 cases of population, aged from 17 to 50 years old, who had the ex-istence of sexual life, non-local registered permanent residence from March 2014 to July 2015, were selected as the re-search objects and divided into the observation group (263 cases) and the reference group (260 cases). Comprehensive intervention and conventional intervention were given respectively. A questionnaire survey was conducted to compare the two groups' intervention. Results After the intervention, the number of people who failed and pass the exam were 143 cases (55.00%) and 117 cases (45.00%) in the reference group respectively, while the number were 81 cases (30.80%) and 182 cases(69.20%) in the observation group. There were significant differences in the comparison results (P<0.05). Before and after the intervention, The floating population had no obvious change in the level of knowledge about family planning in the reference group (P>0.05). However, the awareness level of the observation group was significantly im proved (P<0.05). The service satisfaction score of the observation group (22.8士5.6) was significantly higher than that of the reference group (20.2士2.4) scores, which had significant differences in the comparison results (P<0.05). Conclu-sion Comprehensive intervention should be used to improve the floating population family planning service, which can obviously improve the floating population on the knowledge of family planning knowledge and the satisfaction of service satisfaction. It is worth promoting and application.

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BACKGROUND: A vast majority of Indian population are engaged in agriculture. While pesticides help in increasing crop production, inappropriate pesticide storage practice and inadequate protective measures frequently causes accidental poisoning among farmers. OBJECTIVE: The present study was conducted to explore the pattern of pesticide use among farmers in a district of India with an attempt to identify the lacunae in their knowledge and awareness level on risks and hazards of pesticides use. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional questionnaire based study was conducted in the district of Burdwan, West Bengal, to address the study objective. Data analysis was performed by using descriptive statistical methods: Frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation. RESULTS: In the present study alpha-cypermethrin (46%) was the most commonly used pesticide followed by methyl parathion (25.6%), imidacloprid (16.4%), dichlorvos (7.8%) and phorate (4.2%). The farmers used to store pesticides mostly in cowshed (48.4%) followed by storeroom (29.6%). During spraying of pesticides, farmers experienced headache (29.8%) followed by nausea (26%), burning sensation in eyes (9.8%), cough (9.2%), muscle cramps (2%). Regarding the personal protective measures taken by the farmers for spraying, covering nose, mouth with cloth combined with bath after spraying was the most common practice (27%). When asked about suggested actions to be taken if anybody becomes sick following exposure to pesticides, 86% of farmers prefer consulting a doctor. CONCLUSION: The study suggested that farmers of Burdwan were exposed to highly hazardous, restricted and banned pesticides, with insufficient protection. In this situation, educational and training interventions on pesticide handling and safety precautions are urgently needed.