RESUMEN
Coffee grinding generates electrostatically charged particles, causing clumping, spark discharge, and beyond. When brewing, the particle aggregates affect liquid-solid surface accessibility, leading to variable extraction quality. Here, we study four charge mitigation strategies. De-electrification is readily achieved by adding small amounts of water to whole beans or by bombarding the grounds with ions produced from a high-voltage ionizer. While these techniques helped reduce visible mess, only water inclusion was found to impact coffee extracts prepared as espresso. Wetting whole beans with less than 0.05 mL/g resulted in a marked shift in particle size distribution, by preventing clump formation and preventing fine particles from sticking to the grinder. This particle size shift results in at least a 15% higher coffee concentration for espresso extracts prepared from darker roasts. These findings encourage the widespread implementation of water use to de-electrify coffee during grinding with the benefit of increased coffee extraction efficiency.
RESUMEN
Most of the existing image encryption algorithms encrypt images as meaningless cryptographic images, which can easily attract the attention of attackers during transmission. To address this problem, scholars have proposed to hide the cipher image in a meaningless carrier image. However, larger carrier images are often required, which occupy more bandwidth. In order to solve this problem, this paper realizes embedding the color secret image into the carrier image whose size is equal to or even smaller than the original image by combining the chaotic compressed sensing model. First of all, the original image is sparsely processed using discrete wavelet transform. Then the time varying delay chaotic model is used to generate pseudo random sequence and then the measurement matrix is constructed to compress and encrypt the image. In the end, using singular value decomposition to achieve image embedding, the carrier image carrying information is obtained.
RESUMEN
Apomixis, or asexual reproduction through seeds, is frequent in nature but does not exist in any major crop species, yet the phenomenon has captivated researchers for decades given its potential for clonal seed production and plant breeding. A discussion on whether this field will benefit from the continued study of natural apomicts is warranted given the recent outstanding progress in engineering apomixis. Here, we summarize what is known about its genetic control and the status of applying synthetic apomixis in agriculture. We argue there is still much to be learned from natural apomicts, and learning from them is necessary to improve on current progress and guarantee the effective application of apomixis beyond the few genera it has shown promise in so far. Specifically, we stress the value of studying the repeated evolution of natural apomicts in a phylogenetic and comparative -omics context. Finally, we identify outstanding questions in the field and discuss how technological advancements can be used to help close these knowledge gaps. In particular, genomic resources are lacking for apomicts, and this must be remedied for widespread use of apomixis in agriculture.
RESUMEN
In this article, a metasurface (MS) for decoupling circularly polarized (CP) antenna arrays is presented. The MS consists of periodic Jerusalem cross slot on one side of the substrate. MS can suppress space wave coupling by changing the coupling path. The distance between the centers of the antenna units is 30 mm (0.35λ0). A 2 × 2 CP microstrip array coupled antenna is simulated and fabricated. The experimental results show that the mutual coupling between the E-plane and H-plane is reduced by 24 dB and 16 dB at the center frequency. It is worth mentioning that the antenna gain has been improved by 1.5 dBi.
RESUMEN
This article proposes a secure communication enhancement scheme based on face detection and chaotic partition permutation. The scheme uses edge detection technology to detect facial information, which is then used as an encryption object. The hash value of the plaintext image is extracted as the secret key to the chaotic sequence generated by the chaotic system. Then a series of encryption operations are performed on the face image to obtain the final ciphertext image. In this article, two chaotic systems are used to generate pseudo-random chaotic sequences for different encryption steps. The initial key is computed by combining the hash function of the image and external parameters. The experimental results and security analysis show that the algorithm has excellent encryption effectiveness and security performance against various typical attacks.
RESUMEN
The growing AI field faces trust, transparency, fairness, and discrimination challenges. Despite the need for new regulations, there is a mismatch between regulatory science and AI, preventing a consistent framework. A five-layer nested model for AI design and validation aims to address these issues and streamline AI application design and validation, improving fairness, trust, and AI adoption. This model aligns with regulations, addresses AI practitioners' daily challenges, and offers prescriptive guidance for determining appropriate evaluation approaches by identifying unique validity threats. We have three recommendations motivated by this model: (1) Authors should distinguish between layers when claiming contributions to clarify the specific areas in which the contribution is made and to avoid confusion; (2) authors should explicitly state upstream assumptions to ensure that the context and limitations of their AI system are clearly understood, (3) AI venues should promote thorough testing and validation of AI systems and their compliance with regulatory requirements.
RESUMEN
Image encryption is crucial for protecting image privacy and ensuring security. Encrypting large batches of images of different types and sizes simultaneously with losslessly decryption is often necessary. This paper proposes an optical asymmetric multi-image encryption algorithm to meet these demands. First, plaintext images are converted into one-dimensional pixels and blocked. Image information, image count, and pixels are stored in corresponding areas and reassembled. Unit equal-modulus vector decomposition (UEMD) and phase truncation generate the ciphertext image and keys. The decrypted image is reconstructed from the ciphertext's information and quantity areas. Asymmetric encryption with different keys for encryption and decryption enhances security, while UEMD ensures lossless recovery and robustness. Experiments demonstrate the proposed algorithm's efficiency in encrypting multiple grayscale and color images of varying sizes, providing high security, and lossless recovery. This technology offers superior protection for sensitive image data, enhancing encryption system practicality and digital security.
RESUMEN
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and metabolic disorders (MDs) have surfaced as formidable challenges to global health, significantly imperiling human well-being. Recently, microneedles (MNs) have garnered substantial interest within the realms of CVD and MD research. Offering a departure from conventional diagnostic and therapeutic methodologies, MNs present a non-invasive, safe, and user-friendly modality for both monitoring and treatment, thereby marking substantial strides and attaining pivotal achievements in this avant-garde domain, while also unfurling promising avenues for future inquiry. This thorough review encapsulates the latest developments in employing MNs for both the surveillance and management of CVDs and MDs. Initially, it succinctly outlines the foundational principles and approaches of MNs in disease surveillance and therapy. Subsequently, it delves into the pioneering utilizations of MNs in the surveillance and management of CVDs and MDs. Ultimately, this discourse synthesizes and concludes the primary findings of this investigation, additionally prognosticating on the trajectory of MN technology.
RESUMEN
Programmable metasurfaces have garnered significant attention for their capacity to dynamically manipulate electromagnetic (EM) waves. In particular, the programmable metasurfaces offer to generate a wide range of EM beams when the appropriate digital coding patterns are designed. Traditionally, optimizing the coding patterns involves time-consuming nonlinear optimization algorithms due to the high computational complexity. In this study, we propose a physics-assisted deep learning (DL) model that can calculate the coding pattern in milliseconds, requiring only a simple depiction of the desired beam. An extended version of the macroscopic model for digital coding metasurface is introduced as the physics-driven component, which can compute the radiation pattern rapidly based on the provided coding pattern. The integration of the macroscopic model ensures to generate the physics-compliant coding designs. We validate the proposed method experimentally by measuring several coding patterns for both single-beam and dual-beam scenarios, which demonstrate good performance of beamforming.
RESUMEN
Implementing grasping tasks under color and multi scene promotion conditions is a key technology. This study proposes a recognition and grasping technique based on the crystal butterfly algorithm and adaptive imitation synthesis. Firstly, inspired by the movement trajectory of butterflies, a dynamic node tracking method called "Butterfly Trajectory" was designed. It can complete dynamic trajectory tracking under geometric constraints and achieve route memory. The second color dynamic recognition technology (CDR) has been proposed. It can quickly extract brightness, transparency, and color saturation obtained from multiple angles. Improve the feature extraction speed of Region CNN (R-CNN) instead of traditional methods (HOG). In addition, an adaptive imitation synthesis technique (AISP) is used to achieve the multi scenario promotion of grasping technology. Finally, simulation and physical testing were provided to verify the effectiveness of the design scheme in this article.
RESUMEN
Traditional apparel assembly technology-cut and sewn process-requires labor-intensive pre- and post-production. While conventional weaving technology has made efforts to streamline the garment-making process, additional assembly processes are still required-sewing or joining after removing the woven samples from the loom. This challenge in the garment-making process discloses the need for a novel type of advanced textile technology and manufacturing techniques incorporating shaping and assembly capabilities. Exploiting three-dimensional (3D)-to-two-dimensional (2D)-to-3D methodology integrated 3D weaving technology, the 3D woven bra prototype is practically demonstrated in a significantly effective manufacturing process, shaped in one weaving cycle without additional assembly needs. The bra manufacturing process is also assessed by traditional industry loom, and the same efficient manufacturing process is also achieved. This indicates that 3D weaving technology contributes as an innovative manufacturing technology in the apparel industry to facilitate the manufacturing process significantly and eliminates further joining and sewing processes.
RESUMEN
Humidification and dehumidification are among the most important desalination technologies, in which humidifiers and dehumidifiers are the key components. Previous research has mainly focused on overall system improvement, but few studies have focused on the thermodynamic limitations of the humidification and dehumidification processes. By introducing temperature and enthalpy effectiveness, the thermodynamic limits have been explored. It was successfully established that there are three operating states for the humidifier and dehumidifier. The analytical expressions of enthalpy and temperature effectiveness boundary values in each state were obtained. The results of visualizing the influence of mass flow ratio, inlet temperature, inlet and outlet relative humidity, and pressure on the feasible range of enthalpy and temperature effectiveness were presented. This study explores the thermodynamic limits of heat and mass transfer equipment that can be applied to other types of humidification and dehumidification equipment.
RESUMEN
Hydrides of alkaline-earth and rare-earth metals have garnered significant interest in high-temperature superconductor research due to their excellent electron-phonon coupling and high T c upon pressurization. This study explores the electronic structures and electron-phonon coupling of metal hydrides XHn (n = 4,6), where X includes Ca, Mg, Sc, and Y. The involvement of d-orbital electrons alters the Fermi surface, leading to saddle-point nesting and a charge density wave (CDW) phase transition, which opens the superconducting gap. For instance, in YH6, the exchange coupling between Y-4d and H-1s holes in the phonon softening region results in T c values up to 230 K. The study suggests that factors, such as the origin of the CDW order, hydrogen concentration, and d-orbital contributions are crucial to superconductivity. This work proposes a new rule for high T c superconductors, emphasizing the importance of double gaps and electron-phonon interactions at exchange coupling sites, and predicts potential high-quality superconductors among rare-earth hydrides.
RESUMEN
Plasmas under atmospheric pressure offer a high-temperature environment for material synthesis, but electrode ablation compromises purity. Here, we introduce an atmospheric-pressure microwave plasma (AMP) operated without electrodes to overcome the existing limitations in pure material synthesis. The distribution of the electrostatic field intensity inside a waveguide during AMP excitation was examined via electrostatic field simulations. The lateral and radial gas temperature distributions were also studied using optical emission spectroscopy. The AMP exhibited a uniform ultrahigh temperature (9,000 K), a large volume (102-104 cm3), and a response time on the millisecond level. AMP efficiently synthesized silicon nanoparticles, graphene, and graphene@Si-Fe core-shell nanoparticles within tens of milliseconds, ensuring purity and size control. We propose the "heat impulse" metric for evaluating the plasma characteristics (n a, T g, and t) in material synthesis, extended to other high-temperature plasmas. AMP is compact, cost-effective, and easy to assemble, promising for eco-friendly mass production of pure materials.
RESUMEN
Image-based profiling of the cellular response to drug compounds has proven effective at characterizing the morphological changes resulting from perturbation experiments. As data availability increases, however, there are growing demands for novel deep-learning methods. We applied the SwinV2 computer vision architecture to predict the mechanism of action of 10 kinase inhibitor compounds directly from Cell Painting images. This method outperforms the standard approach of using image-based profiles (IBP)-multidimensional feature set representations generated by bioimaging software. Furthermore, our fusion approach-cell-vision fusion, combining three different data modalities, images, IBPs, and chemical structures-achieved 69.79% accuracy and 70.56% F1 score, 4.20% and 5.49% higher, respectively, than the best-performing IBP method. We provide three techniques, specific to Cell Painting images, which enable deep-learning architectures to train effectively and demonstrate approaches to combat the significant batch effects present in large Cell Painting datasets.
RESUMEN
This study investigated whether lower extremity stiffness plays a role in the enhancement of change of direction speed (CODS) and the duration of this enhancement after dynamic loaded warm-up (DLWU). Fifteen badminton athletes underwent DLWU, and CODS, individual muscle and tendon stiffness, and vertical stiffness were measured before DLWU and 6, 12, and 18 min after DLWU. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and covariance analysis. Significant improvements in CODS were found at 6, 12, and 18 min post-DLWU compared to pre-DLWU (p < 0.05). The Achilles tendon stiffness of the dominant leg increased at 6 min (p = 0.039) and 18 min (p = 0.024) post-DLWU compared to pre-DLWU. Achilles tendon stiffness of the dominant leg had a significant effect on improving CODS (p > 0.05). CODS improvement lasted up to 18 min after DLWU in badminton athletes, potentially related to increased Achilles tendon stiffness of the dominant leg.
RESUMEN
Acoustic metasurface with rationally distributed phase manipulating characteristic provides a promising platform to reshape the wavefront of scattering wave. Such acoustic illusion carpet suffers from limitation of narrow bandwidth and relatively large volume to contain the object to be hidden. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate broadband conformal acoustic illusion coatings composed of subwavelength-thick metacells that are designed by two types of modified Helmholtz resonators with 2π reflection phase. By deliberate design of reflection phase distributions of illusion coating, the reflected wavefront can be reshaped between trapezoid and triangles and vice versa. Furthermore, an enlarged illusion is obtained by this methodology. More importantly, the illusion behaviors are verified both numerically and experimentally from 3000 Hz to 4500 Hz, resulting in relatively broad bandwidth up to 40.5%, which is definitely of extreme importance for potential applications.
RESUMEN
Sensory and emotional experiences are essential for mental and physical well-being, especially within the realm of psychiatry. This article highlights recent advances in cognitive neuroscience, emphasizing the significance of pain recognition and empathic artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare. We provide an overview of the recent development process in computational pain recognition and cognitive neuroscience regarding the mechanisms of pain and empathy. Through a comprehensive discussion, the article delves into critical questions such as the methodologies for AI in recognizing pain from diverse sources of information, the necessity for AI to exhibit empathic responses, and the associated advantages and obstacles linked with the development of empathic AI. Moreover, insights into the prospects and challenges are emphasized in relation to fostering artificial empathy. By delineating potential pathways for future research, the article aims to contribute to developing effective assistants equipped with empathic capabilities, thereby introducing safe and meaningful interactions between humans and AI, particularly in the context of mental health and psychiatry.
RESUMEN
Two-dimensional (2D) materials, especially graphene-based materials, have important implications for tissue regeneration and biomedicine due to their large surface area, transport properties, ease of functionalization, biocompatibility, and adsorption capacity. Despite remarkable progress in the field of tissue regeneration and biomedicine, there are still problems such as unclear long-term stability, lack of in vivo experimental data, and detection accuracy. This paper reviews recent applications of graphene-based materials in tissue regeneration and biomedicine and discusses current issues and prospects for the development of graphene-based materials with respect to promoting the regeneration of tendons, neuronal cells, bone, chondrocytes, blood vessels, and skin, as well as applications in sensing, detection, anti-microbial activity, and targeted drug delivery.
RESUMEN
During the operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), about half of the energy is dissipated as heat. To enhance the energy efficiency of fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV), we hereby propose a waste heat recovery system for low-temperature energy harvesting of FCEV. A comprehensive fluid-thermal-electrical multiphysics model is established to predict the performance of the proposed thermoelectric generator (TEG) system. Subsequently, a practical prototype of TEG system is developed. Transient and steady-state experimental results from the prototype validated the feasibility and power generation efficiency of the TEG system. At a temperature difference of 40°C, the highest open circuit voltage and power output of each TEG are 6.2V and 0.33W respectively, the results affirmatively demonstrate that the TEG system can recover the low temperature waste heat from PEMFC, thus providing valuable guidance for the design of the future PEMFC thermal management system in FCEV.