RESUMEN

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is considered one of the essential tuber crops, serving as a dietary staple food for various populations. This systematic review provides a comprehensive summary of the nutritional and therapeutic properties of cassava, which is an important dietary staple and traditional medicine. The review aims to evaluate and summarize the phytochemical components of cassava and their association with pharmacological activities, traditional uses, and nutritional importance in global food crises. To collect all relevant information, electronic databases; Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Preprint Platforms were searched for studies on cassava from inception until October 2022. A total of 1582 studies were screened, while only 34 were included in this review. The results of the review indicate that cassava has diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-diarrheal, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic effects, and wound healing properties. However, more studies that aim to isolate the phytochemicals in cassava extracts and evaluate their pharmacological property are necessary to further validate their medical and nutritional values.

Asunto(s)

Manihot , Manihot/química , Verduras , Productos Agrícolas/química , Tubérculos de la Planta , Valor Nutritivo

RESUMEN

This study evaluated anti-bacterial, anti-diarrheal, and cytotoxic activities of ten edible fruits (Aegiceras corniculatum, Avicennia officinalis, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Ceriops decandra, Heritiera fomes, Nypa fruticans, Phoenix paludosa, Sarcolobus globosus, Sonneratia caseolaris, and Xylocarpus mekongensis) in the Sundarbans mangrove forest of Bangladesh. Highest antibacterial activity was shown for ethanol:methanol (1:1) extracts of S. caseolaris (2 mg/disc), which demonstrated inhibition zones of 16.7, 17.0, 14.7, 15.7, and 15.7 mm against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Shigella boydii, Shigella sonnei, and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. In mice with castor oil-induced diarrhea, S. caseolaris extract (250 mg/kg body weight) showed the highest inhibition (87.7%) and delayed the onset time (273 min) of diarrheal episodes, followed by A. corniculatum extract (inhibition, 83.6%; delayed onset time, 187.4 min). S. caseolaris and A. corniculatum fruit powders were successively fractionated into n-hexane, diethyl ether, chloroform, ethanol, and methanol. Antidiarrheal activity significantly increased with increasing polarity of these fractions. In brine shrimp lethality assay, S. globosus extract demonstrated the highest cytotoxicity (59.2 µg/mL), followed by H. fomes (74.1 µg/mL) and C. decandra (116.7 µg/mL); however, lowest cytotoxicity was shown for A. corniculatum, A. officinalis, and S. caseolaris extracts. Mice treated with A. corniculatum extract did not experience any acute toxicity. These results demonstrate that S. caseolaris and A. corniculatum fruits have potential to treat diarrhea and may act as useful nutraceuticals.

RESUMEN

Active polysaccharides as safe and natural polymers against bacterial diarrhea have been reconsidered as an alternative to antibiotics. This work investigated the inhibiting effect of depolymerized sulfated galactans from Eucheuma serra and Gracilaria verrucosa on the growth and adhesion of diarrheagenic enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88. Results showed that the sulfated polysaccharides with molecular weight distribution ≤20.0 kDa exhibited antibacterial activity against ETEC K88. A structure-activity study revealed that the anti-ETEC K88 activity of sulfated polysaccharides is strictly determined by their molecular weight distribution, sulfate group content, and monosaccharide composition. In addition, the promoted nucleic acid release and the fluorescence quenching of membrane proteins were observed after the treatment with selected polysaccharides. Scanning electron microscopy further confirmed that the depolymerized sulfated galactans can effectively inhibit ETEC K88 adhesion. In conclusion, depolymerized sulfated galactans exhibited an inhibitory effect on the growth and adhesion of ETEC K88.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos/farmacología , Escherichia coli Enterotoxigénica/efectos de los fármacos , Galactanos/farmacología , Rhodophyta/química , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Diarrea/tratamiento farmacológico , Galactanos/química , Galactanos/aislamiento & purificación , Gracilaria/química , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Peso Molecular , Polímeros/química , Polisacáridos/química , Polisacáridos/aislamiento & purificación , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Sulfatos/química

RESUMEN

In this present study, phytochemical screening, anti-ulcer assay, anti-diarrhea assay, anti-inflammatory assay, analgesic assay, lipase activity assay, amylase activity assay and the anti-bacterial activity of Eucalyptus camaladulensis Dehnh leaf extracted with methanol and 50% ethanol was analyzed for biological significance. Physical characterization of the non-volatile component revealed the higher yield of 16.92% in 50% ethanol expediting the use of 50% ethanol as a better alternative. Further use of crude extract revealed 33.89% (IC50 = 1.44 mg/ml) of α-amylase inhibition by methanol extract and 33.87% (IC50 = 3.21 mg/ml) lipase inhibition by 50% ethanol extract. Furthermore, 44.44% protective ratio towards ulcer was observed with the methanol extract, whereas 54.58% anti-inflammatory activity was shown by the 50% ethanol extract. The effectiveness of the extract was further enhanced by the presence of 62.54% motility and best analgesic property at 180 min of the exposure of the extract orally. The antioxidant activity of crude methanol extract revealed an IC50 value 601.8 µg/ml whereas, ethanol extract showed 1279.58 µg/ml in DPPH assay. Result revealed several health benefits of E. camaldulensis Dehnh leaf.

RESUMEN

Musca domestica larvae have been used clinically to cure children malnutritional stagnation and low molecular weight peptides (LMWP) of Musca domestica larvae showed more useful bioactivities. But there is no report on anti-diarrhea effects and identification of the LWMP. The purposes of this study were clarifying the anti-diarrhea effects by regulating intestinal microecology and identification of LMWP. In anti-diarrhea test, diarrhea mice were administered LMWP by oral gavage. Then rectal stool indicator bacteria were counted also the identification of rectal stool bacteria were determined by PCR-DGGE. In LMWP identification test, GFC and RP-HPLC were used to separate the peptide. Then the single polypeptide was tested by MALDI TOF and N-terminal sequence analysis. The results of anti-diarrhea showed that LMWP was effective in the inhibition diarrhea in mice. And microbial diversity indices showed that LMWP treatment group exhibited a higher number of bands. The identification test showed that LMWP had four main components (10-30KD, S1, S2, S3), and there were 5, 7 and 4 peaks in S1, S2 and S3, respectively. The the molecular weight of S2-5, S3-2 and S3-3 was 877.053D, 877.0631D and 1069.4391D, respectively. And S3-3 was determined as Chain A, Carboxypeptidase G2. So the hypothesis that intestinal microbiological regulation might be one of the potential anti-diarrhea mechanisms of Musca domestica larvae LMWP which had four main components and one of the single polypeptide was identified could be drawn.

Asunto(s)

Productos Biológicos/administración & dosificación , Diarrea/tratamiento farmacológico , Moscas Domésticas , Larva , Péptidos/administración & dosificación , Administración Oral , Animales , Productos Biológicos/aislamiento & purificación , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Medicina Tradicional China , Ratones , Peso Molecular , Péptidos/aislamiento & purificación

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether Ershen Pill (ESP, ) could alleviate the symptom of Pi (Spleen)-Shen (Kidney) yang deficiency (PSYD)-induced diarrhea in rat model and explore its anti-diarrhea mechanism. METHODS: Seventy-five Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups by a random number table, including control, positive, model, low-dose (LD) and high-dose (HD) ESP groups, 15 rats in each group. All the rats, except those in the control group, were developed PSYD induced-diarrhea based on its pathology and etiology. The rats in positive, LD and HD ESP groups were treated with Shenling Baizhu Pill (), LD (1.05 g/kg) or HD (3.50 g/kg) ESP petroleum ether extract once a day for 2 weeks, respectively. Body weight change and diarrhea index were measured. The histology scores of the kidney were evaluated via hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Aquaporin-3 (AQP3) expression in the colon was analyzed by immunofluorescence, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with the model group, oral administration of LD and HD ESP prevented body weight loss and inhibited diarrhea after 2-week treatment (P<0.05). Kidney deterioration was impeded, and the histology score in LD and HD ESP groups were 8.2 and 10.5, respectively, which were both higher than those in the model group (P<0.05). In addition, ESP treatment alleviated rat colitis, and HD ESP significantly improved the AQP3 positive staining intensity in the colon tissue compared with the model group. The result from Western blot revealed that AQP3 protein synthesis in colon tissue of LD and HD ESP groups increased by 2.1- and 5.9-fold compared with the model group (P<0.05). qRT-PCR result showed that AQP3 gene expression in the HD ESP group was also up-regulated by 2.5-fold normalized to the model group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: ESP extract effectively alleviates the symptoms of PSYD and relieves PSYD-induced diarrhea by improving AQP3 synthesis in the colon.

Asunto(s)

Diarrea/tratamiento farmacológico , Diarrea/etiología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Deficiencia Yang/complicaciones , Animales , Acuaporina 3/metabolismo , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Colon/efectos de los fármacos , Colon/patología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/patología , Masculino , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Ratas Sprague-Dawley

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate whether Ershen Pill (ESP, ) could alleviate the symptom of Pi (Spleen)-Shen (Kidney) yang deficiency (PSYD)-induced diarrhea in rat model and explore its anti-diarrhea mechanism.@*METHODS@#Seventy-five Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups by a random number table, including control, positive, model, low-dose (LD) and high-dose (HD) ESP groups, 15 rats in each group. All the rats, except those in the control group, were developed PSYD induced-diarrhea based on its pathology and etiology. The rats in positive, LD and HD ESP groups were treated with Shenling Baizhu Pill (), LD (1.05 g/kg) or HD (3.50 g/kg) ESP petroleum ether extract once a day for 2 weeks, respectively. Body weight change and diarrhea index were measured. The histology scores of the kidney were evaluated via hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Aquaporin-3 (AQP3) expression in the colon was analyzed by immunofluorescence, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot, respectively.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the model group, oral administration of LD and HD ESP prevented body weight loss and inhibited diarrhea after 2-week treatment (P<0.05). Kidney deterioration was impeded, and the histology score in LD and HD ESP groups were 8.2 and 10.5, respectively, which were both higher than those in the model group (P<0.05). In addition, ESP treatment alleviated rat colitis, and HD ESP significantly improved the AQP3 positive staining intensity in the colon tissue compared with the model group. The result from Western blot revealed that AQP3 protein synthesis in colon tissue of LD and HD ESP groups increased by 2.1- and 5.9-fold compared with the model group (P<0.05). qRT-PCR result showed that AQP3 gene expression in the HD ESP group was also up-regulated by 2.5-fold normalized to the model group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#ESP extract effectively alleviates the symptoms of PSYD and relieves PSYD-induced diarrhea by improving AQP3 synthesis in the colon.

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Er Shen Wan (ESW), a traditional Chinese medicinal formula comprised of Psoraleae Fructus (Babchi seeds, from Psoralea corylifolia Linn.) and Myristicae Semen (Nutmeg, from Myristica fragrans Houtt.), is widely used to treat spleen-kidney Yang deficiency (SKYD)-induced diarrhea. Previous studies have demonstrated preliminarily that the petroleum ether extract of ESW (ESWP) exhibits significant anti-diarrheal activity. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-diarrhea activity of ESWP and to explore the underlying mechanisms with respect to fluid metabolism in a rat model of SKYD-induced diarrhea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) approach was developed and validated for qualitative and quantitative analyses of the main constituents of ESWP. SKYD model rats were established and treated with an effective dose (3.5?g/kg) of the extract for two weeks. Anti-diarrheal activity and stool properties were observed. After the experiment, the appearance and histology of the intestines were evaluated. Serum levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were also determined. Furthermore, to characterize the regulation of aquaporin-4 (AQP 4) and Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3 (NHE 3) in the colon, quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting (WB) were employed to detect mRNA and protein expression levels. RESULTS: In the rat models, oral ESWP administration significantly reduced the diarrhea score and the number and weight of wet stools. Jejunal and ileac histological damage was impeded, and the histology score decreased. Serum VIP levels were significantly decreased, in contrast to NPY levels. In addition, AQP 4 and NHE 3 expression levels increased significantly. CONCLUSIONS: These results showed that ESWP's anti-diarrheal effect might at least partially involve the regulation of hormones intimately involved in maintaining fluid and electrolyte levels, as well as by increasing AQP 4 and NHE 3 expression levels and enhancing the absorption of Na+ and water.

Asunto(s)

Acuaporina 4/metabolismo , Diarrea/tratamiento farmacológico , Diarrea/etiología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Riñón/patología , Intercambiador 3 de Sodio-Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Bazo/patología , Deficiencia Yang/complicaciones , Animales , Acuaporina 4/genética , Diarrea/sangre , Diarrea/patología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Heces , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Intestinos/efectos de los fármacos , Intestinos/patología , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Neuropéptido Y/sangre , Fenotipo , Fitoterapia , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Estándares de Referencia , Intercambiador 3 de Sodio-Hidrógeno/genética , Bazo/efectos de los fármacos , Péptido Intestinal Vasoactivo/sangre , Deficiencia Yang/sangre , Deficiencia Yang/patología

RESUMEN

Objective: To introduce recent research progress in anti-diarrhea with single Chinese herb and its effective compo-nents. Methods:The references on anti-diarrhea with single Chinese herb and its effective components in recent years were reviewed and analyzed. Results:The researches on anti-diarrhea activity and possible mechanism of single Chinese herbs, such as Terminalia chebula Retz, Fructus mume, Radix Puerariae and Pulsatilla chinensis ( Bunge) Regel, were reviewed. Conclusion: At present, the researches on anti-diarrhoea with single Chinese herb and its effective components have made some progress, while further and wider researches are still needed to explore the underlying mechanisms.

RESUMEN

Eluxadoline, an orally active mixed µ opioid receptor (µOR) agonist δ opioid receptor (δOR) antagonist developed for the treatment of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome, normalizes gastrointestinal (GI) transit and defecation under conditions of novel environment stress or post-inflammatory altered GI function. Furthermore, compared to loperamide, which is used to treat non-specific diarrhea, the effects of eluxadoline on GI transit occur over a wider dosage range. However, the mechanisms of action of eluxadoline are unclear. In this study, we compared the ability of eluxadoline and loperamide to activate G-protein- and ß-arrestin-mediated signaling at µOR homomers or µOR-δOR heteromers in heterologous cells. We also examined the ability of both compounds to reduce castor oil induced diarrhea in wild type (WT) and mice lacking δOR. We find that eluxadoline is more potent than loperamide in eliciting G-protein activity and ß-arrestin recruitment in µOR expressing cells. However, in cells expressing µOR-δOR heteromers, the potency of eluxadoline is higher, but its maximal effect is lower than that of loperamide. Moreover, in these cells the signaling mediated by eluxadoline but not loperamide is reduced by µOR-δOR heteromer-selective antibodies. We find that in castor oil-induced diarrhea eluxadoline is more efficacious compared to loperamide in WT mice, and δOR appears to play a role in this process. Taken together these results indicate that eluxadoline behaves as a potent µOR agonist in the absence of δOR, while in the presence of δOR eluxadoline's effects are mediated through the µOR-δOR heteromer.

Asunto(s)

Diarrea/tratamiento farmacológico , Imidazoles/farmacología , Fenilalanina/análogos & derivados , Receptores Opioides delta/metabolismo , Receptores Opioides mu/metabolismo , Animales , Arrestinas/metabolismo , Aceite de Ricino/efectos adversos , Diarrea/inducido químicamente , Humanos , Ligandos , Loperamida/farmacología , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Mutantes , Fenilalanina/farmacología , Multimerización de Proteína , Receptores Opioides delta/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptores Opioides delta/genética , Receptores Opioides mu/agonistas , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , beta-Arrestinas

RESUMEN

Isolation, screening and in vivo assays have been used for evaluating anti-diarrhea bioactive of Alpinia oxyphylla. Preliminary experimental results showed that 95% ethanol extract and 90% ethanol elution significantly extended the onset time of diarrhea and reduced the wet feces proportion, however 50% ethanol election had no effect on diarrhea. Chemical analysis results displayed that Nootkatone, Tectochrysin and yakuchinone A may be bioactive ingredients for curing diarrhea. Duodenum in vitro experiment showed that Tectochrysin 50, 100 µM reduces carbachol-induced contraction, while yakuchinone A and Nootkatone had no effect. Bioinformatic computational method as molecular docking has been complementary to experimentally work to explore the potential mechanism. The study of pathogenesis of diarrhea in humans and animal models suggested that Na(+)/H(+) exchanger3 (NHE3) and aquaporin4 (AQP4) are causative agents of diarrhea. The analysis was done on the basis of scoring and binding ability and the docking analysis showed that Tectochrysin has maximum potential against NHE3 (PDB ID: 2OCS) and AQP4 (PDB ID: 3GD8). Tectochrysin indicated minimum energy score and the highest number of interactions with active site residues. These results suggested that A. oxyphylla might exhibit its anti-diarrhea effect partially by affecting the proteins of NHE3 and AQP4 with its active ingredient Tectochrysin.

Asunto(s)

Alpinia/química , Antidiarreicos/farmacología , Diarrea/metabolismo , Flavonoides/farmacología , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Antidiarreicos/análisis , Antidiarreicos/uso terapéutico , Acuaporina 4/metabolismo , Diarrea/tratamiento farmacológico , Duodeno/efectos de los fármacos , Flavonoides/análisis , Flavonoides/uso terapéutico , Frutas/química , Guayacol/análogos & derivados , Guayacol/análisis , Guayacol/farmacología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Peristaltismo/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Sesquiterpenos Policíclicos , Sesquiterpenos/análisis , Sesquiterpenos/farmacología , Intercambiador 3 de Sodio-Hidrógeno , Intercambiadores de Sodio-Hidrógeno/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Objective To observe the gastrointestinal function influence in the compound catechu antidiarrheal ointment when acted on normal and diarrheic mice .Methods The antidiarrheal function of the compound catechu antidiarrheal ointment was ob-served through the mice small intestinal propulsion experiment ,gastric emptying experiment and mice diarrhea situation influence test of senna .Results This ointment could reduce the mice small intestine propulsion rate which significantly restrained the mice small intestine propulsion ;Also it could improve the residual rate of mice stomach contents ,significantly restrained their gastric emptying velocity .Conclusion The compound catechu antidiarrheal ointment has strong and lasting effect on stopping diarrhea .

RESUMEN

Objective To investigate the effect of compound catechu anti-diarrhea ointment on the expression of aquaporin3 (AQP3) in the colonic tissues of diarrhea rat model, and the mechanism thereof. Methods Forty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:blank control group, model control group, positive control group and compound catechu anti-diarrhea ointment group. Rats were given 6 g blank matrix cream in model control group, 2 mL suspension of berberine in positive control group and compound catechu anti-diarrhea ointment in compound catechu anti-diarrhea ointment group, two times/d for 7 d. The rat model of diarrhea was established by using senna intragastric administration. The water content of feces was measured. The expression of AQP3 in colonic tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry assay. Results The water contents of feces were significantly higher in model control group (64.09±0.41)%than those of other three groups (F=53.879,P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the water content of feces between compound catechu anti-diar-rhea ointment group (48.83 ± 1.08)%and positive control group (46.87 ± 2.19)%. The AQP3-positive cells were mainly ex-pressed in the intestinal mucosa. The dyeing index was significantly lower in model control group (0.85±0.18) than that of other three groups (F=14.971,P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the dyeing index between compound catechu anti-diarrhea ointment group (1.30±0.18) and positive control group (1.37±0.14). Conclusion Compound catechu anti-di-arrhea ointment can significantly reduce the water contents of feces, which may be related to the increased AQP 3 expression in colonic tissues.

RESUMEN

Objective: To compare the bioactivities of Taohua anti-diarrhea granula prepared by two different methods based on biothermo-kinetics study. Methods: The coarse and fine powder preparations of Taohua decoction were prepared. Microcalorimetry was used to obtain the metabolic curves and biothermo-kinetic parameters of Escherichia coli (E. coli) growth after treated by the two preparations to evaluate their bioactivities. Results: The values of growth rate constant k and maximum heat-out power Pm declined with the concentration increase of the 2 preparations; meanwhile, the values of peak time of the highest peak tm and growth inhibitory ratio I increased with the concentration increase of the two preparations. The results showed that the growth of E. coli was inhibited and the inhibitory effect was strengthened with the concentration increase of the two preparations. The IC50 was 35.9 mg/ ml for the coarse powder preparation and 31.4 mg/ml for the fine powder preparation. Aggregate analysis of the metabolic curves and biothermo-kinetic parameters of E. coli indicated that the fine powder preparation of Toohua decoction had stronger inhibitory action against E. coli growth than the traditional coarse powder preparation. Conclusion: Microcalorimetry can be used to examine the bioactivity differences of the fine and coarse preparations of Taohua decoction. Superfine comminution may increase the inhibitory action of Taohua decoction.

RESUMEN

The leaves of the plants Daniellia oliveri (Fabaceae) and Ficus sycomorus (Moraceae) used in diarrhea treatment in Hausa ethnomedicine of Northern Nigeria were investigated. The study was carried out on perfused isolated rabbit jejunum and castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice. The n-butanol extracts: NBD and NBF (0.16-3.2 mg/ml) caused a dose-dependent relaxation of isolated rabbit jejunum. The acute toxicity test for NBD and NBT in mice established an i.p LD(50) of > 4000 mg/kg for D. oliveri and 1131.4 mg/kg for F. sycomorus. In castor oil-induced diarrhea, 80% protection was observed for D. oliveri at doses of 200 mg/kg and 60% protection was observed at 100 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg respectively. For F. sycomorus 100% protection was observed at doses of 120 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg, for the n-butanol extract. The antidiarrheal activity was comparable to loperamide 5 mg/kg. The result revealed that the extracts have pharmacological activity against diarrhea.

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OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standard for Catechu anti-diarrhea ointment.METHODS:TLC was applied to identify the properties of medicinal ingredients in the formula;HPLC was adopted to determine the main effective ingredient catechin in Catechu.A stability test was then conducted.RESULTS:TLC determination revealed good results.Catechin showed a good linear relationship at a range of 0.364～ 1.82? g.The average recovery was 98.94%(RSD=1.28%,n=5).CONCLUSION:The standard can be applied to the quality control of Catechu Anti-diarrhea ointment.

RESUMEN

Objective:To compare the bioactivities of Taohua anti-diarrhea granula prepared by two different methods based on biothermo-kinetics study.Methods:The coarse and fine powder preparations of Taohua decoction were prepared.Microcalorimetry was used to obtain the metabolic curves and biothermo-kinetic parameters of Escherichia coli(E.coli)growth after treated by the two preparations to evaluate their bioactivities.Results:The values of growth rate constant k and maximum heat-out power Pm declined with the concentration increase of the 2 preparations;meanwhile,the values of peak time of the highest peak tm and growth inhibitory ratio I increased with the concentration increase of the two preparations.The results showed that the growth of E.coli was inhibited and the inhibitory effect was strengthened with the concentration increase of the two preparations.The IC50 was 35.9 mg/ml for the coarse powder preparation and 31.4 mg/ml for the fine powder preparation.Aggregate analysis of the metabolic curves and biothermo-kinetic parameters of E.coli indicated that the fine powder preparation of Taohua decoction had stronger inhibitory action against E.coli growth than the traditional coarse powder preparation.Conclusion:Microcalorimetry can be used to examine the bioactivity differences of the fine and coarse preparations of Taohua decoction.Superfine comminution may increase the inhibitory action of Taohua decoction.

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AIM: To evaluate the main pharmacological effect of Wunzhonganwei Soft Capsule. METHODS: Analgesic effect was investigated by hot plate test and writhing test, anti-inflammation effect by auricular swelling test in mice and toe swelling test in rat, anti-diarrhea effect by diarrhea test induced by rhubarb, effect on gastric emptying by phenolsulfonphthalein empty test in mice and effect on small intestine propulsive test by charcol powder propulsive rate test. RESULTS: Wunzhonganwei Soft Capsule enhanced thermal stimulation threshold in mice, decreased the occurrence of writhing caused by glacial acetic acid in mice, inhabited xylene-induced auricular swelling in mice and carrageenan-induced toe swelling in rat, decreased the number of loose stools induced by rhubarb in mice., inhabited the function of gastric emptying induced by metoclopramide or in normal mice, antagonized the inhibitory effect of gastric emptying induced by atropine and inhabited small intestine propulsive movement induced by neostigmineor or in normal mice. CONCLUSION: Wunzhonganwei Soft Capsule has the effect of anti-inflammation, analgesia, antidiarrhea and adjusting the function of gastrointestinal movement.

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0.05).It could also decrease the times of wet manure induced by folia sennae,while it was of no effect on diarrhea induced by castor oil. CONCLUSION: Volatile oil from A.longiligulare T.L.Wu has anti-inflammation,analgesic and anti-diarrhea effect related to the cure for ulcerative colitis.