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Between 1997 and 2012, the diagnoses of ankyloglossia and the indication for frenotomy increased by ˃800%. About 38% of diagnosed cases are surgically treated. Breastfeeding promotion includes evaluating maternal hereditary and personal history of breastfeeding, breast structure, endocrinological physiology, emotional well-being of the mother, breastfeeding technique, quality and quantity of milk, and the newborn's ability to latch on and suckle. Frenotomy would be indicated when restriction of tongue function causes difficulties that have not resolved after thorough evaluation and counseling to correct other causes. Frenotomy can have complications: feeding and respiratory difficulties, pain, weight loss, vascular or nerve damage, and delayed diagnosis of other underlying pathologies. It does not always solve breastfeeding difficulties. Interdisciplinary teamwork reduces the frequency of unnecessary frenotomies.

Entre 1997 y 2012 los diagnósticos de anquiloglosia y la indicación de frenotomía aumentaron ˃800 %. Alrededor del 38 % de los casos diagnosticados son intervenidos quirúrgicamente. La promoción de la lactancia materna incluye la evaluación de antecedentes hereditarios y personales maternos de lactancia, estructura mamaria, fisiología endocrinológica, equilibrio emocional de la madre, técnica de amamantamiento, calidad y cantidad de leche, capacidad del recién nacido de prenderse y succionar. La frenotomía estaría indicada cuando la restricción de la función lingual provoca dificultades que no se han resuelto luego de una evaluación exhaustiva y del asesoramiento para corregir otras causas encontradas. Las frenotomía puede tener complicaciones: problemas en la alimentación, respiratorios, dolor, pérdida de peso, daños vasculares o nerviosos, y retraso en el diagnóstico de otras patologías subyacentes. No siempre soluciona las dificultades de la lactancia. El trabajo en equipo interdisciplinario disminuye la frecuencia de las frenotomías innecesarias.

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Background and Objective: The prevalence of ankyloglossia and its impact on breastfeeding practices may be overestimated, leading to surgical overtreatment in newborns. The study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of ankyloglossia in the first year of life and investigate the association with exclusive and total breastfeeding duration in different regions of Brazil. Materials and Methods: This multicenter prospective cohort study involved the recruitment of mother-infant pairs soon after childbirth in public hospitals in three state capitals in Brazil. Interviews were held with the mothers after birth, at 6 and 12 months to collect sociodemographic variables and data on exclusive and total breastfeeding duration. At 12 months of age, the children were submitted to a dental examination for classification of the lingual frenulum using the Bristol Tongue Assessment Tool. Data analysis involved Poisson regression with robust variance, with the calculation of unadjusted and adjusted relative risk (RR). Results: The final sample was composed of 293 children. The prevalence of defined and suspected ankyloglossia was 1% and 4.8%, respectively, totaling 5.8% (confidence interval [95% CI]: 3.1-8.5). No significant difference was found in the prevalence of exclusive and total breastfeeding at 1, 4, and 6 months between children with defined/suspected ankyloglossia and those without ankyloglossia. The multivariable analysis showed that the probability of the child achieving 6 months of breastfeeding did not differ between groups (RR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.79-1.23; p = 0.907). Conclusion: The prevalence of defined ankyloglossia was very low and defined/suspected ankyloglossia was not associated with exclusive or total breastfeeding duration. Clinical Trial Registration: Registered with clinicaltrials.gov (n° NCT03841123).

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ABSTRACT Objective: To assess global trends in the publication of studies investigating the association between ankyloglossia and breastfeeding. Material and Methods: An electronic search was performed in the Scopus database without restrictions. Observational studies and clinical trials were included. Bibliometric indices such as publication year, authors, co-authors, journals, field of knowledge, countries, and the most cited keywords were analyzed using the VOSviewer program. Results: The search retrieved 350 studies, and 68 were selected. The first article was published in 2000 in the United States. The United States presented the highest number of publications (n=21), followed by Brazil (n=9) and the United Kingdom (n=9). An increase in publications on this theme was observed in 2013; 2021 was the year with the highest number of publications (n=14). The most common word was "frenulum". The authors with the highest number of publications were Botze and Dollbert from Israel (n=3), Ghaheri, and Mace from the United States (n=3). Among the journals, "Breastfeeding Medicine" presented the highest number of publications (n=7), followed by the "International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology" (n=6), "CODAS" (n=5), "Journal of Human Lactation" (n=4) and "Pediatrics" (n=3); the latter published the top-cited studies, with 412 citations. Conclusion: There has been an increase in recent articles evaluating the correlation between ankyloglossia and breastfeeding, indicating the growing interest of researchers in this field.

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Introdução: A laserterapia de alta potência tem estabelecido proporções satisfatórias na odontologia e se tornando a primeira opção de conduta cirúrgica para procedimentos, trazendo qualidade de vida aos pacientes e praticidade aos Cirurgiões. Objetivo: Relatar caso clínico de frenectomia lingual com uso do laser de diodo de alta potência ressaltando os benefícios da conduta. Relato de caso: Paciente sexo feminino, leucoderma, sem alterações sistêmicas, chega à Clínica Escola de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, com queixa principal de alterações na sua fonologia. No exame intraoral observou-se dificuldade de movimentação lingual e em formato de coração devido a inserção fibrosa do freio, sendo observado a Anquiloglossia. Após explicações da alteração, do tratamento, e assinatura do Termo de Consentimento, foi iniciado a cirurgia: antissepsia, anestesia com vasoconstrictor, e em modo contínuo utilizou-se o laser de diodo de alta potência (TW Surgical- MMO®) configurado em 2W de potência, fibra 600µm, no comprimento de onda infravermelho, de modo que as fibras fossem separadas uniformemente e promovesse mobilidade imediata da língua, por fim realizou-se uma sutura em ponto simples com fio reabsorvível. Para o pós-operatório foi prescrito Dipirona em caso de dor, e estabelecido o acompanhamento. No retorno de 7 dias observou-se cicatrização normal e não ingestão do medicamento, em 30 dias foi visto a completa cicatrização e mobilidade sem desconforto, além de relato da paciente de melhoria na condição de relacionamentos sociais, autoestima e deglutição. Conclusão: O resultado apresentado neste artigo ratifica a benefício da escolha do laser em comparação ao convencional, demonstrando que não há sangramento no trans e pós cirúrgico, além de favorecer o processo de reparação tecidual, da redução do tempo cirúrgico, aumento do conforto, e diminuição de uso de medicamento, desta forma associando o laser cirúrgico a melhoria da qualidade de vida.

Introduction: High-power laser therapy has established satisfactory proportions in dentistry and has become the first choice for surgical procedures, bringing quality of life to patients and convenience to surgeons. Objective: To report a clinical case of lingual frenectomy using high-power diode laser, highlighting the benefits of this approach. Case report: A female patient, leucoderma, without systemic alterations, arrived at the Dental School Clinic of the Federal University of Campina Grande with the main complaint of alterations in her phonology. In the intraoral examination, difficulty in lingual movement and a heart-shaped tongue due to fibrous insertion of the frenum were observed, indicating Ankyloglossia. After explanations of the condition, treatment, and signing of the Informed Consent Form, the surgery was initiated: antisepsis, anesthesia with vasoconstrictor, and continuous mode using a high-power diode laser configured at 2W of power, 600µm fiber, at an infrared wavelength, with the aim of uniformly separating the fibers and promoting immediate tongue mobility. Finally, a simple suture was performed using absorbable thread. For the postoperative period, Dipyrone was prescribed for pain relief, and follow-up was established. At the 7-day follow-up, normal healing was observed, and the patient did not require the medication. At 30 days, complete healing and discomfort-free mobility were observed, along with the patient's testimony of improvement in social relationships, self-esteem, and swallowing. Conclusion: The results presented in this article confirm the benefits of choosing laser therapy over conventional methods, demonstrating the absence of bleeding during and after surgery, promoting tissue repair, reducing surgical time, increasing comfort, and decreasing the use of medication. Therefore, the use of surgical laser is associated with an improvement in quality of life.

Introducción: La terapia láser de alta potencia se ha establecido en proporciones satisfactorias en odontología y se ha convertido en la primera elección para procedimientos quirúrgicos, aportando calidad de vida a los pacientes y practicidad a los cirujanos. Objetivo: Relatar un caso clínico de frenectomía lingual con láser de diodo de alta potencia, destacando los beneficios de este procedimiento. Relato del caso: Paciente del sexo femenino, leucoderma, sin alteraciones sistémicas, llegó a la Clínica de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Federal de Campina Grande con la queja principal de alteraciones en su fonología. El examen intraoral reveló dificultad en el movimiento lingual y lengua en forma de corazón debido a la inserción fibrosa del freno, observándose anquiloglosia. Tras explicar la alteración, el tratamiento y firmar el consentimiento, se inició la cirugía: antisepsia, anestesia con vasoconstrictor y uso continuado de un láser de diodo de alta potencia (TW Surgical- MMO®) configurado a 2W de potencia, fibra de 600µm, a longitud de onda infrarroja, para que las fibras se separaran uniformemente y favorecieran la movilidad inmediata de la lengua, y finalmente una sutura de punto único con hilo reabsorbible. En el postoperatorio, se prescribió dipirona en caso de dolor y se estableció un seguimiento. En el seguimiento a los 7 días, se observó una cicatrización normal y no se tomó medicación. A los 30 días, se observó una cicatrización completa y movilidad sin molestias, así como el informe del paciente de una mejora de las relaciones sociales, la autoestima y la deglución. Conclusión: Los resultados presentados en este artículo confirman el beneficio de la elección del láser frente a la cirugía convencional, demostrando que no hay sangrado durante ni después de la cirugía, además de favorecer el proceso de reparación tisular, reducir el tiempo quirúrgico, aumentar el confort y reducir el uso de medicación, asociando así el láser quirúrgico a una mejor calidad de vida.

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ABSTRACT Purpose Compare infant suction in babies with and without ankyloglossia using a microprocessor-controlled pressure sensor coupled to a pacifier. Methods Fifty-five infants from 0 to 2 months of age underwent clinical examination for ankyloglossia, after which they were offered a silicone pacifier connected to the pressure acquisition device and suction activity was recorded. Thus, we extracted the frequency of sucks within a burst, the average suck duration, the burst duration, the number of sucks per burst, the maximum amplitude of sucks per burst and the inter-burst interval. Results The key difference in newborns with ankyloglossia in relation to control was that they perform longer bursts of suction activity. Conclusion The longer burst durations are likely a compensatory strategy and may underlie the pain reported by mothers during breastfeeding. We therefore propose a method for objectively quantifying some parameters of infant suction capacity and demonstrate its use in assisting the evaluation of ankyloglossia.

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar a sucção infantil em bebês com e sem anquiloglossia usando um sensor de pressão controlado por microprocessador acoplado a uma chupeta. Método Cinquenta e cinco lactentes de 0 a 2 meses de idade foram submetidos ao exame clínico de anquiloglossia, em seguida foi oferecido uma chupeta de silicone conectada ao dispositivo de aquisição de pressão e a atividade de sucção foi registrada. Assim, obtivemos dados sobre a frequência de sucções dentro de um período de sucções, a duração média da sucção, a duração da rajada, o número de sucções por rajada, a amplitude máxima das sucções por rajada e o intervalo entre rajadas. O teste t não pareado foi utilizado para comparações entre os grupos. Resultados A principal diferença dos recém-nascidos com anquiloglossia em relação aos do grupo controle é que eles realizam rajadas mais longas durante a atividade de sucção. Conclusão A duração mais longa das rajadas é provavelmente uma estratégia compensatória e pode estar por trás da dor relatada pelas mães durante a amamentação. Portanto, propomos um método para quantificar objetivamente alguns parâmetros da sucção infantil e demonstramos seu uso para auxiliar na avaliação da anquiloglossia.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze functional aspects of breastfeeding, self-efficacy, and pain reported by mothers during breastfeeding, in newborns with severe and mild ankyloglossia. Methods: This is an observational study, carried out with 81 babies with ankyloglossia, assessed by the Bristol Tongue Assessment Tool (severe: scores 0-3; mild: scores 4-6) nested in a cohort carried out at the University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis, Brazil. The functional aspects of breastfeeding were analyzed using the Breastfeeding Observation Form of the United Nations Children's Fund (BOF-UNICEF) and the LATCH Scoring System. Breastfeeding self-efficacy was measured using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale — Short-Form. Pain indicators were evaluated by the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire. The significance level adopted was 5%. Results: Maternal age was 26.7±0.8 years, and 64.2% reported high school education. Most babies were male (67.9%), and the birth weight was 3232±60g. A significant association was detected in the sucking aspect evaluated by the BOF-UNICEF [β=0.22 (95%CI 0.07; 0.73), p-value=0.013]. However, the groups did not differ in the assessment of breastfeeding performed by the LATCH scale. The groups had no differences in the assessment of breastfeeding self-efficacy reported by mothers, and in pain scores. Conclusions: Despite the observation of sucking difficulty in infants with severe ankyloglossia., the quality of breastfeeding in general, maternal pain, and self-efficacy reported by mothers do not differ when compared with infants with mild ankyloglossia. Therefore, the severity of ankyloglossia seems not to affect the breastfeeding indicators.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar aspectos funcionais da amamentação, autoeficácia e dor relatada pelas mães durante a amamentação, em recém-nascidos com anquiloglossia grave e leve. Métodos: Estudo observacional, realizado com 81 bebês diagnosticados com anquiloglossia avaliados pelo Bristol Tongue Assessment Tool (grave: escores 0-3; leve: escores: 4-6), aninhados em um estudo de coorte realizado no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brasil. Os aspectos funcionais do aleitamento materno foram analisados por meio do Formulário de Observação da Amamentação do Fundo Internacional para a Infância das Nações Unidas (BOF-UNICEF) e da Escala LATCH. Aautoeficácia foi mensurada por meio da Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale — Short-Form. Os indicadores de dor foram avaliados pelo Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: A idade materna foi 26,7±0,8 anos, e 64,2% concluíram o ensino médio. A maioria dos recém-nascidos era do sexo masculino (67,9%), e o peso ao nascer foi 3232±60g. Foi detectada associação significante no aspecto da sucção avaliado pelo BOF-UNICEF [β=0,22 (IC95% 0,07; 0,73), p=0,013]. No entanto, os grupos não diferiram na avaliação do aleitamento materno realizada pela escala LATCH. Os grupos não apresentaram diferenças na avaliação da autoeficácia em amamentar relatada pelas mães e no escore de dor. Conclusões: Apesar de ter sido observada dificuldade de sucção em lactentes com anquiloglossia grave, a qualidade da amamentação em geral, a dor materna e a autoeficácia relatada pelas mães não diferem quando comparadas com as de lactentes com anquiloglossia leve. Assim, a gravidade da anquiloglossia parece não afetar os indicadores de amamentação.

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RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a influência da anquiloglossia na prevalência e no tempo de exclusividade do aleitamento materno de lactentes a termo até o sexto mês de vida. Métodos Estudo de coorte prospectivo, realizado com 225 díades mãe-bebê que foram acompanhadas nos seis primeiros meses de vida em centro especializado em amamentação em um hospital terciário. Lactentes a termo com anquiloglossia do tipo assintomática (sem necessidade de cirurgia) foram comparados com lactentes sem alteração em um acompanhamento mensal. O diagnóstico de anquiloglossia foi realizado através do Bristol Tongue Assessment Tool, sendo considerados com diagnóstico positivo aqueles com escore menores ou iguais a 5 considerando os aspectos funcionais e anatômicos. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas através de estatística descritiva, regressão logística (determinantes do desmame), risco relativo e curvas de sobrevivência (para analisar o tempo de aleitamento entre os grupos com e sem anquiloglossia). Resultados A anquiloglossia esteve associada com o desmame (considerado ainda que parcial) antes do sexto mês de vida. Após análise ajustada, foi detectado maior risco de desmame nos lactentes com a alteração presente, com risco presente a partir do segundo mês de vida. Na análise de sobrevida, o tempo de aleitamento nos lactentes com anquiloglossia foi menor quando comparadas às crianças sem alteração. Conclusão Em comparação com lactentes com freio lingual normal, os bebês com anquiloglossia apresentaram tempo menor de aleitamento exclusivo, porém bem acima da média observada na população geral. O risco de desmame para este grupo também foi maior.

ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze the influence of ankyloglossia on the prevalence and duration of exclusive breastfeeding of full-term infants up to the sixth month of life. Methods Prospective cohort study, carried out with 225 mother-infant dyads who were followed up in the first six months of life in a center specialized in breastfeeding in a tertiary hospital. Full-term infants with asymptomatic ankyloglossia (no need for surgery) were compared with infants without change at monthly follow-up. Ankyloglossia was diagnosed using the Bristol Tongue Assessment Tool, with a positive diagnosis being considered for those with a score less than or equal to 5 considering functional and anatomical aspects. Statistical analyzes were performed using descriptive statistics, logistic regression (weaning determinants), relative risk, and survival curves (to analyze breastfeeding duration between groups with and without ankyloglossia). Results Ankyloglossia was associated with weaning (considered even partial) before the sixth month of life. After adjusted analysis, a higher risk of weaning was detected in infants with this alteration, with a risk present from the second month of life. In the survival analysis, the duration of breastfeeding in infants with ankyloglossia was shorter when compared to children without alterations. Conclusion Compared to infants with normal lingual frenulum, babies with ankyloglossia had shorter exclusive breastfeeding time, but well above the average observed in the general population. The risk of weaning for this group was also higher.

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ABSTRACT The goal is to present a clinical case of a baby diagnosed with ankyloglossia evaluated clinically and by surface electromyography, during bottle sucking before and after 15, 30 and 60 days of lingual frenotomy. Based on the anatomofunctional evaluation of the Tongue Frenulum Assessment Protocol in Babies, interference of the lingual frenulum was identified. The tongue, during sleep, was positioned on the floor of the mouth. The initial electromyographic evaluation of the suprahyoid muscles, during bottle feeding, showed asymmetry in root mean square (RMS) values, in microvolts (μV), between the right and left suprahyoid muscles. The evaluation was repeated after 15, 30 and 60 days after lingual frenotomy. After 15 days, appropriate lip and tongue posture, coordinated sucking movements, and absence of noises or choking were observed. After 30 days, symmetry was observed between the suprahyoid muscles, which was maintained 60 days after the surgical procedure. After lingual frenotomy, the adequacy of the position of lips and tongue, during rest and sleep, was reestablished within 15 days, and after 30 days of the procedure, there was adequacy of the tongue posture, during crying, and symmetry of the electromyographic activity of the suprahyoid muscles, during sucking. The results were maintained until the end of the study.

RESUMO O objetivo é apresentar um caso clínico de um bebê diagnosticado com anquiloglossia, avaliado clinicamente e por eletromiografia de superfície na sucção de mamadeira antes e após 15, 30 e 60 dias da frenotomia lingual. Baseado na avaliação anatomofuncional do Protocolo de Avaliação do Frênulo da Língua em Bebês, identificou-se interferência do frênulo lingual. A língua, durante o sono, apresentava-se no assoalho da boca. A avaliação eletromiográfica inicial dos músculos supra-hioideos, na sucção por mamadeira, mostrou assimetria no root mean square (RMS), em microvolts (μV), entre os músculos supra-hioideos direitos e esquerdos. A avaliação foi repetida após 15, 30 e 60 dias da frenotomia lingual. Após 15 dias observaram-se postura de lábio e língua adequadas, sucção com movimentos coordenados, ausência de ruídos ou engasgos. Após 30 dias observou-se simetria entre os músculos supra-hioideos, que se manteve 60 dias após o procedimento cirúrgico. Após a frenotomia lingual, a adequação da posição de lábios e língua, durante repouso e sono, foram restabelecidas em 15 dias, e, após 30 dias do procedimento, ocorreu adequação da postura de língua no choro e simetria da atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos supra-hioideos na sucção. Os resultados foram mantidos até o fim do estudo.

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Objective: To determine the prevalence of ankyloglossia in diamniotic monochorionic and diamniotic dichorionic twins, as well as to verify the relationship between gender and type of pregnancy. Study Design: A cross-sectional observational study, carried out with 52 pairs of dichorionic/diamniotic twins and 49 monochorionic/diamniotic pairs. The data collection was carried out through the analysis of medical records and the results of the Neonatal Screening of the Tongue Frenulum Assessment Protocol in Babies, and corresponded to the period of 2 years (2020-2022). Statistical analysis of data was performed, considering the significance value of 5%. The study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the institution. Results: The statistical analysis of multiple logistic regression between the two groups of twins (Mono/Di and Di/Di) according to the socioeconomic, demographic, and clinical-epidemiological profile was statistically significant for some variables. The prevalence of ankyloglossia, according to the type of twin pregnancy, showed a statistically significant difference. There was no statistical difference in relation to sex and ankyloglossia, or between couples diagnosed with ankyloglossia according to the type of pregnancy. Conclusion: Monochorionic/diamniotic twins had a higher prevalence of ankyloglossia, regardless of gender.

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Introdução:A anquiloglossia é caracterizada pela alteração do frênulo lingual resultando na restrição dos movimentos da língua. A avaliação do frênulo lingual em neonatos é importante para diagnosticar precocemente essa alteração. Objetivo:Traçar perfil de serviços que realizam avaliação do frênulo lingual em neonatos nos hospitais e maternidades públicas do estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Metodologia:Trata-se de um estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal, com abordagem quantitativa. Foram incluídos na pesquisa as maternidades públicas e filantrópicas do estadoque realizam procedimentos obstétricos e assistência materno-infantil. As informações acerca da avaliação do frênulo lingual em neonatos e caracterização desses serviços foram coletadas por meio de um questionário eletrônico. Os dados foram armazenados em planilhas no Excel e analisados através do programa estatístico SPSS versão 23.0, em queforam conduzidas análises das variáveis investigadas.Resultados:Participaram do estudo 23 hospitais e maternidades públicas do estado, econstatou-se que apenas 7 (30,44%) ofertam a avaliação do frênulo lingual em neonatos no próprio estabelecimento, enquantoas demais encaminham para outros serviços. O exame foi implantado nas maternidades entre os anos de 2014 e 2018. A quantidade de profissionais que realizam esta avaliação variou entre 1 e 9 por instituição, e os profissionais envolvidos foram os fonoaudiólogos e cirurgiões-dentistas. A prevalência da anquiloglossia variou de 3,7% a 14,5%. A maioria das maternidades realizam a frenotomia e o profissional que executa é o médico ou cirurgião-dentista.Conclusões:Constatou-se uma baixa oferta da avaliação do frênulo lingual em neonatos no próprio estabelecimento de nascimento. Além disso, essa oferta ainda não acontece de forma universal, principalmente no interior do estado (AU).

Introduction:Ankyloglossia is characterized by alterations in the lingual frenulum resulting in restricted tongue movements. Assessing the lingual frenulum in newborns is important for early diagnosis of this disorder. Objective:Describe the profile of health servicesthat assess the lingual frenulum of newborns in public and maternity hospitals of Rio Grande do Norte state. Methodology:This is a cross-sectional descriptive study using a quantitative approach. Included in the research were public and philanthropic maternity hospitals in statethat perform obstetric procedures and provide maternal and child care. The information about lingual frenulum assessment in newborns and characterization of these health services was collected via an electronic questionnaire. The data were stored in Excel spreadsheets and analyzed using the SPSS version 23.0 program, where analyses of the variables investigated were carried out. Results:A total of 23 public and maternity hospitalsparticipated, only 7 of which (30.44%) assessed the lingual frenulum of newborns on site, while the others referred them to other medical facilities. The examination was implemented in maternity hospitals between 2014 and 2018. The number of professionals who performed this assessment varied between 1 and 9 per institution, and included speech therapists, and dentists. The prevalence of ankyloglossia ranged from 3.7 to 14.5%. Most of the maternity hospitals performed frenotomy, where the procedure was conducted by a doctor or dentist. Conclusions:On-site lingual frenulum assessment of newborns was low in the institutions, and does not occur universally, mainly in the rural areas of the state (AU).

Introducción: La anquiloglosia se caracteriza por la alteración del frenillo lingual que resulta en la restricción de los movimientos de la lengua. La evaluación del frenillo lingual en neonatos es importante para un diagnóstico precoz de este trastorno.Objetivo: Delinear un perfil de servicios que realizanevaluación del frenillo lingual en neonatos en hospitales públicos y maternidades del estado de Rio Grande do Norte.Metodología: Se trata de un estudio observacional y transversal con enfoque cuantitativo. Se incluyeron en la investigación las maternidades públicas y filantrópicas del estadoque realizan procedimientos obstétricos y de atención materno-infantil. La información sobre la evaluación del frenillo lingual en neonatos y la caracterización de estos servicios fui recogido por medio de un cuestionario electrónico. Los datos fueron almacenados en hojas Excel y analizados utilizando el programa estadístico SPSSversión 23.0, donde se realizaron análisis de las variables investigadas. Resultados: Un total de 23 hospitales públicos y maternidades participaron del estudio, en el que se constató que solo 7 (30,44%) evalúan el frenillo lingual en neonatos en establecimiento propio, mientras los demás refieren a otros servicios. El examen se implementó en las maternidades entre 2014 y 2018. El número de profesionales que realizan esta evaluación varió entre 1 y 9 por institución, y los profesionales involucrados fueron terapeutas del habla y odontólogos. La prevalencia de anquiloglosia varió entre 3,7 y 14,5 %. La mayoría de las maternidades realizan la frenotomía y el profesional que la realiza es el médico u odontólogo. Conclusiones: Hubo una baja oferta de avaluación del frenillo lingual en neonatos en el propio establecimiento. Además, esta oferta aún no es universal, especialmente en el interior del estado (AU).

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To evaluate breastfeeding in babies up to six months of age before and after frenotomy surgery in a reference hospital in a city from Santa Catarina state. Methods: An observational quality improvement study, carried out with babies up to six months of age undergoing frenotomy and their mothers in a reference hospital in southern Santa Catarina state. A questionnaire was applied to the mothers in two moments (before and after the surgery), with information regarding breastfeeding, sociodemographic, anthropometric and behavioral characteristics of them and of the babies. Descriptive analyzes were performed and the association between breastfeeding and the independent variables was assessed through Pearson's chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, using a 5% significance level. Results: A total of 74 children were studied, with 48 of them returning after surgery. 83.8% were breastfed before surgery and 64.9% after surgery. Before surgery, 58.1% of children effectively took the breast at once. After surgery, this prevalence was 83.3% (p=0.015). Before surgery, 75.9% of the mothers reported not feeling pain, while, after surgery, almost all of them (95.8%) reported this (p=0.004). Most mothers reported improvement in grip (83.3%), increase in the duration of breastfeeding (69.0%), improvement of baby's breathing (75.0%), and an increase in the frequency of breastfeeding (51.7%). Conclusions: There was a decrease in the prevalence of breastfeeding after frenotomy. However, there was an improvement in the babies 'grip and breathing and a reduction in the mothers' pain when breastfeeding. It is emphasized the need to implement multidisciplinary actions in both primary and hospital care to assist mothers in order to prolong the duration of exclusive breastfeeding

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Ankyloglossia is considered a congenital patology, whose treatment indicated is a frenectomy, this surgical technique consists in remove the tissue that joins the tongue with the floor mouth. This technique allows the patient a considerable improvement to limitations caused by this anomaly such as difficulties in suction, pronunciation, chewing and difficulty in touching the lower lip with the tip of the tongue. Currently the use of laser technology and its benefits in modern dentistry, allows the realization of surgical procedures free of bleeding, with very little pain and inflammation of the tissues and with a recovery time much lower than necessary with conventional techniques. The present clinical case, show a 12-year-old patient with severe ankyloglossia, lingual frenectomy was indicated. A contact Nd: YAG laser was used, achieving a surgical intervention with little pain, free bleeding and without suture.

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ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze the effects of lingual frenotomy on the breastfeeding of infants, based on the electrical activity of the masseter and suprahyoid muscles and assessment of the breastfeeding. Methods Observational study developed between October 2017 and June 2018 with a sample of 20 newborns and infants who attended a dental clinic and were diagnosed with ankyloglossia. Another 20 were excluded for meeting some of the following exclusion criteria: babies more than 6 months old, who were not on exclusive or mixed breastfeeding, who had other clinical impairments that interfered with breastfeeding, who had other foods introduced into their diet, who had neurological changes and/or craniofacial deformities, and/or who did not finish all the stages of the study. Breastfeeding was assessed with the UNICEF Breastfeeding Assessment and Observation Protocol, while the muscle electrical activity was assessed with the Electrical Activity Assessment Protocol for the Masseter and Suprahyoid Muscles in Newborns During Breastfeeding. The same speech-language-hearing therapist conducted the two assessments both before the conventional frenotomy and 7 days after it. Results The signs suggestive of breastfeeding difficulties changed 7 days after the surgery, with a p-value ≤ 0.002 for general observation of the mother, position of the infant, latch, and sucking. The maximum voluntary contraction of the masseter was the only integral parameter with a difference, as the electrical activity had decreased. Conclusion Behaviors favorable to breastfeeding increased 7 days after the frenotomy in all the breastfeeding assessment categories, whereas the electrical activity of the masseter decreased.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar os efeitos da frenotomia lingual na amamentação de recém-nascidos, com base na atividade elétrica dos músculos masseter e supra-hióideos e avaliação da mamada. Método Estudo observacional, desenvolvido entre outubro de 2017 e junho de 2018. Amostra de 20 recém-nascidos e lactentes de uma clínica odontológica, diagnosticados com anquiloglossia; 20 foram excluídos por se encaixarem em algum dos critérios de exclusão: ter mais de seis meses de vida, não fazer aleitamento materno exclusivo ou misto, apresentar outro comprometimento clínico que interfira na amamentação, ter iniciado a ingestão de outros alimentos, alterações neurológicas e/ou deformidades craniofaciais e não ter finalizado todas as etapas do estudo. A avaliação da amamentação seguiu o Protocolo de Observação e Avaliação da Mamada da UNICEF, e a avaliação da atividade elétrica muscular o Protocolo de Avaliação da Atividade Elétrica dos Músculos Masseter e Supra-hióideos em Recém-Nascidos Durante a Alimentação, ambas realizadas pela mesma fonoaudióloga antes da frenotomia convencional e sete dias após. Resultados Os sinais sugestivos de dificuldade na amamentação mudaram sete dias após a cirurgia, com valor de p≤0,002 para a observação geral da mãe, posição do bebê, pega e sucção. Houve diferença apenas no parâmetro integral da Contração Voluntária Máxima do masseter, com diminuição da atividade elétrica. Conclusão Sete dias após a frenotomia observou-se aumento de comportamentos favoráveis ​​à amamentação em todas as categorias de avaliação da mamada e diminuição da atividade elétrica do masseter.

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RESUMO Buscou-se investigar e conhecer a frequência e a distribuição de frenotomias e fenectomias realizadas no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) após os dispositivos legais que instituíram o teste da linguinha, bem como entender quais profissionais estão realizando o procedimento cirúrgico. Estudo descritivo analítico, retrospectivo, com dados secundários, disponíveis no Sistema de Informações Ambulatoriais do DataSUS, extraídos por meio do TabWin. Observou-se um aumento considerável no número de procedimentos, porém, com flutuações nos anos seguintes. Das frenectomias registradas no SUS, no período, 33% foram realizadas por dentistas na atenção primária. Os resultados apontaram que houve um aumento substancial no número de procedimentos cirúrgicos em dois momentos, em 2014 e em 2017, possivelmente em decorrência da publicação da Lei nº 13.002/2014 e da Nota Técnica (NT) nº 09/2016. A NT nº 35/2018 deslocou o diagnóstico e o tratamento para a média complexidade, possivelmente resultando em filas, principalmente em se tratando de cirurgias que poderiam ser realizadas na atenção primária. Apesar de não haver unanimidade quanto à correlação anquiloglossia e desmame, não parece haver um monitoramento para evitar cirurgias desnecessárias, uma vez que a ordenha pode não ser afetada e o acompanhamento ser realizado para confirmar ou não essa necessidade.

ABSTRACT This study sought to investigate and to know the frequency and the distribution of frenotomies and frenectomies performed in the Unified Health System (SUS) after the legal provisions that instituted the tong test, and to understand which professionals are performing the surgical procedure. This is an analytical, descriptive, retrospective study, with secondary data, available in the DATASUS Information System. It was observed that a considerable increase in the number of procedures, but with fluctuations in the following years. Out of the frenectomies registered in the SUS in the period, 33% were performed by dentists in primary care. The results showed that there was a substantial increase in the number of surgical procedures in two moments, in 2014 and in 2017, possibly as a result of the publication of Ordinance nº 13.002/2014 and Technical Note (NT) No. 09/2016. NT No. 35/2018 shifted diagnosis and treatment to medium complexity, possibly resulting in queues, especially in the case of surgeries that could be performed in primary care. Although there is no unanimity regarding the correlation between ankyloglossia and weaning, there seems to be no monitoring to avoid unnecessary surgeries, since milking may not be affected and follow-up is carried out to confirm or not this need.

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Objetivo: Caracterizar as alterações na fala decorrentes da anquiloglossia, por meio de revisão integrativa da literatura. Métodos e Procedimentos: Levantamento bibliográfico realizado em fevereiro de 2020, delimitado segundo os idiomas inglês, português, espanhol e idade a partir de 6 anos. Foram selecionados artigos disponíveis em quatro bases eletrônicas: PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, Web Of Science. Palavras-chave utilizadas: freio lingual; distúrbios na fala; anquiloglossia. Foram consideradas publicações de 2010 a 2020 mediante análise de metadados, a partir do título e resumo, para identificar pertinência à pesquisa. Foram excluídos estudos publicados há mais de dez anos, que não permitiram acesso ao texto integral, repetidos por sobreposição dos descritores, discrepantes do tema. Resultados e Discussão: Foram localizados 276 artigos, que após aplicados os critérios de inclusão e exclusão resultaram em 27. Os resultados encontrados indicam que sujeitos com alterações no frênulo lingual, principalmente na anquiloglossia, utilizam estratégias compensatórias variadas de lábios, língua e mandíbula para a produção dos fonemas 't', 'd', 'l', 'n', 's', 'z', 'r' e de grupos consonantais, que poderão apresentar distorção, substituição e/ou omissão, por serem de difícil produção com frênulo curto. Aos profissionais otorrinolaringologistas, ortodontistas e fonoaudiólogos é recomendada realização de exame clínico cuidadoso, que possibilite diagnóstico com objetivo de obter resultados satisfatórios em menor tempo e indicação de intervenções cirúrgicas, quando necessárias. Conclusão: A revisão integrativa da literatura aponta para a relação entre anquiloglossia e alterações na fala.

Objective: To characterize the speech disorders resulting from ankyloglossia, through an integrative literature review. Methods and Procedures: Bibliographic survey carried out in February 2020, delimited language (English, Portuguese, Spanish) and age (from 6 years old). Articles available in four electronic databases were selected: PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, Web of Science. Keywords used: lingual frenum; speech disorders; ankyloglossia. Manuscripts published from 2010 to 2020 were included based on metadata analysis that considered title and abstract to identify the relevance for this research. Studies published over ten years ago, those that did not allow access to the full text, manuscripts repeated due to overlapping of descriptors or diverging from the topic were excluded. Results and Discussion: 276 articles were initially identified; after the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, 27 studies were considered. The results showed that subjects with lingual frenulum alterations, mainly ankyloglossia, use varied compensatory strategies of lips, tongue and mandible for the production of the phonemes 't', 'd', 'l', 'n', 's', 'z', 'r' and consonant clusters, which may present distortion, substitution and/or omission, as their production is hindered by the short frenulum. Otorhinolaryngologists, orthodontists and speech therapists are recommended to conduct careful clinical examination, allowing for diagnosis, in order to obtain satisfactory results in less time and indication of surgical interventions, when necessary. Conclusion: The integrative literature review shows the relationship between ankyloglossia and speech disorders

Objetivo: Caracterizar las alteraciones del habla derivadas de la anquiloglosia, a través de una revisión integrativa de la literatura. Métodos y Procedimientos: Encuesta bibliográfica realizada en febrero de 2020, delimitada según inglés, portugués, español y edad a partir de 6 años. Bases de datos electrónicas seleccionadas: PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, Web Of Science. Palabras clave utilizadas: frenillo lingual; trastornos del habla; anquiloglosia. Las publicaciones de 2010 a 2020 se consideraron mediante análisis de metadatos, desde el título y el resumen. Se excluyeron los estudios publicados hace más de diez años, que no permitían el acceso al texto completo, repetidos por superposición de descriptores, discrepantes con el tema. Resultados y Discusión: Se localizaron 276 artículos, que luego de aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión resultaron 27. Los resultados encontrados indican que los sujetos con alteraciones en el frenillo lingual, principalmente en anquiloglosia, utilizan variadas estrategias compensatorias de labios, lengua y mandíbula para la producción de los fonemas 't', 'd', 'l', 'n', 's', 'z', 'r' y grupos consonánticos, que pueden presentar distorsión, sustitución y/u omisión, porque son difíciles de producir con un frenillo corto. Se recomienda a los otorrinolaringólogos, ortodoncistas, logopedas profesionales que realicen examen clínico cuidadoso, que permita un diagnóstico con el objetivo de obtener resultados satisfactorios en menos tiempo e indicación de intervenciones quirúrgicas, cuando sea necesario. Conclusión: La revisión integrativa de la literatura apunta a la relación entre la anquiloglosia y los trastornos del habla.

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BACKGROUND: Ankyloglossia is commonly reported as one of the major causes of breastfeeding difficulty. There is a lack of research on infant growth and latching performance with clinical measures. CASES PRESENTATION: We describe a series of eight clinical cases (three female and five male infants) in a specialized breastfeeding center in a tertiary hospital in Northeast Brazil. The mothers were of mixed race and ranged from 13 to 41 years of age. Ankyloglossia was diagnosed within the first 48 hours after delivery. We measured the standards of growth, the mothers' perception of breastfeeding, and a pain indicator, and performed an assessment of breastfeeding. The regularity of breastfeeding was maintained despite the early diagnosis of ankyloglossia. Growth indicators were not affected in the sixth month in any of the babies, with only one measuring below expectations in the third month, with no impact on general health. CONCLUSIONS: In the cases reported in this paper, the infants overcame the initial difficulties in breastfeeding and maintained their normal growth course in the first 6 months of life.

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the release of the lingual frenulum through frenectomy in newborns zero to 90 days of age who breastfed and had diagnosis of ankyloglossia with an indication for surgery, comparing two methods: electrocautery and a high-power diode laser. Fifty-seven patients were randomly allocated to two groups (23 submitted to electrocautery and 34 submitted to a high power diode laser). Tongue movements were evaluated based on a clinical assessment and using the Bristol Tongue Assessment Tool (BTAT) before and 15 days after the surgical procedures. The visual analog scale was administered to the mothers on the same occasions for the measurement of pain during breastfeeding. Both groups had an increased BTAT score (favorable outcome) at the post-surgical evaluation, but the anterior third of the tongue was not always free to enable the movements necessary for lingual functions. It is fundamental for surgeons to have skill and in-depth knowledge of the equipment used to avoid accidents and complications in the region of important structures. Both techniques employed in this study were safe and effective, causing little bleeding and few postoperative complications. The group submitted to a high-power diode laser exhibited less post-surgical bleeding compared to the group submitted to electrocautery and no inflammation at the edges of the surgical cut.

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Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) establishes that breast-feeding must be promoted, supported, and protected due to its benefits in maternal and child health and for the economic, environmental, family and community benefits it produces. Case Report: Ankyloglossia in the newborn can cause early cessation of breastfeeding. A clinical case of a 2-month-old baby, referred to the surgical team of the Dental Service of the Pereira Rossell Hospital Center, with difficulties in breastfeeding due to ankyloglossia is presented. Diagnosis and laser surgical treatment was performed. In the immediate postoperative period, there was an improvement, achieving breastfeeding without the aid of devices, and a progressive improvement during the month following the intervention occurred. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and timely intervention collaborate in the maintenance of lactation and in the progressive improvement of the process.

Introducción: La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) establece que la lactancia materna debe ser promovida, apoyada y protegida por sus beneficios demostrados en la salud materno-infantil y por las ventajas económicas, ambientales, familiares y comunitarias que produce.Reporte de Caso: La anquiloglosia en el recién nacido puede provocar el abandono temprano de la lactancia. Se presenta un caso clínico de un bebe de 2 meses, derivado al equipo quirúrgico del Servicio Odontológico del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, por dificultades en el amamantamiento a causa de anquiloglosia. Se realizó el diagnóstico y tratamiento quirúrgico con láser. En el postoperatorio inmediato se registró una mejoría en el amamantamiento, logrando la lactancia sin intermediario y una mejoría progresiva en la praxis durante el mes siguiente a la intervención.Conclusión: El diagnóstico precoz y la intervención oportuna colaboran en el mantenimiento de la lactancia y en la mejora progresiva de la praxis.

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Abstract Introduction The tongue plays an important role in the development of craniofacial structures. At rest, the light and constant pressure of the tongue against the hard palate, counterbalanced by the pressure provided by proper lip sealing, serves as a guide for maxillary growth. Ankyloglossia makes tongue coupling against the hard palate difficult, impacting maxillary development, which may lead to breathing disorders. Objective To verify the effect of lingual frenotomy on the resting position of the tongue and lips in infants with ankyloglossia. Methods The sample consisted of 334 infants aged between 1 and 60 days old diagnosed with ankyloglossia. The groups were divided in: a) experimental group (EG), which consisted of infants whose mothers agreed with lingual frenotomy; b) control group (CG), which consisted of infants whose mothers either refused lingual frenotomy or were waiting for surgery. Both the position of the lips and of the tongue at rest were assessed while the infants were sleeping during the quiet sleep phase. For mothers who refused their infants to undergo the surgical procedure, a follow-up of the infants was proposed to verify possible interference of the frenulum with the resting position of the tongue and lips. Infants whose mothers agreed with surgery were referred for lingual frenotomy. Results Regarding the position of the tongue and lips at rest at the initial and final assessments, the statistical analysis demonstrated significant differences between both groups. Conclusion Lingual frenotomy enabled infants diagnosed with ankyloglossia to maintain both tongue coupling against the hard palate and closed lips at rest.

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Introduction The tongue plays an important role in the development of craniofacial structures. At rest, the light and constant pressure of the tongue against the hard palate, counterbalanced by the pressure provided by proper lip sealing, serves as a guide for maxillary growth. Ankyloglossia makes tongue coupling against the hard palate difficult, impacting maxillary development, which may lead to breathing disorders. Objective To verify the effect of lingual frenotomy on the resting position of the tongue and lips in infants with ankyloglossia. Methods The sample consisted of 334 infants aged between 1 and 60 days old diagnosed with ankyloglossia. The groups were divided in: a) experimental group (EG), which consisted of infants whose mothers agreed with lingual frenotomy; b) control group (CG), which consisted of infants whose mothers either refused lingual frenotomy or were waiting for surgery. Both the position of the lips and of the tongue at rest were assessed while the infants were sleeping during the quiet sleep phase. For mothers who refused their infants to undergo the surgical procedure, a follow-up of the infants was proposed to verify possible interference of the frenulum with the resting position of the tongue and lips. Infants whose mothers agreed with surgery were referred for lingual frenotomy. Results Regarding the position of the tongue and lips at rest at the initial and final assessments, the statistical analysis demonstrated significant differences between both groups. Conclusion Lingual frenotomy enabled infants diagnosed with ankyloglossia to maintain both tongue coupling against the hard palate and closed lips at rest.