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Emotional states are fundamentally related to cognitive processes such as attention, perception, memory and learning, and they play a very important role in helping to assess daily challenges. Thus, we need tools that measure emotions in the context of Physical Education. In this study, we adapted and tested the factor structure of the Achievement Emotion Questionnaire - Short Version (AEQ-SV) in the Italian physical education context. We administered the AEQ-SV to 867 participants (M age = 16.43 years, SD = 1.23) enrolled in Italian physical education classes to analyze the questionnaire's psychometric properties using Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM), an internal reliability analysis, and a criterion validity analysis. The AEQ-SV subscales consisted of eight emotions and 32 items. Reliability analyses revealed acceptable fit indices and adequate temporal stability. Linear regression analysis showed that positive emotions positively predicted academic performance, while negative emotions negatively predicted academic performance. These results are in line with research on the original scale, and these data support the use of the AEQ-SV in the Italian educational context.

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The current study used a person-centered approach to explore the co-occurrence of college students' achievement emotions. It also examined the impact of teacher support on achievement emotion profiles and the mediating effect of need satisfaction. A total of 866 college students participated in the survey. A robust three-step latent profile analysis was employed to analyze the data. Four profiles of achievement emotions were identified: moderate mixed emotions, the blends of high positive emotions, the blends of moderate positive emotions, and high mixed emotions. Higher perceived teacher support was associated with a greater likelihood of being classified into the blends of moderate positive emotion profile or the blends of high positive emotion profile. Moreover, basic psychological need satisfaction mediated the relationship between teacher support and the four emotion profiles. Our findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the role of teacher support in shaping achievement emotion profiles, helping to broaden the application of self-determination theory to explain the mechanism by which external support influences emotion profiles.

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BACKGROUND: Several attempts have been made to examine students' academic emotions (AEs) in Western contexts, but less is known about how students' self-reported emotions vary over time. AIMS: The study aimed to understand Chinese students' emotional responses to academic events and the impact of high-stakes testing on their AEs in the first year with a repeated-measures survey after the Semester 1 and Semester 2 mid-term examinations. SAMPLES: 351 first-year university students completed both surveys in an elite Chinese university, where the top 10% of first-year students were assigned to an honours programme. METHODS: Self-reported AEs survey responses were evaluated with confirmatory factor analysis. Invariance testing between honours and ordinary students and between semesters was used to examine between-group differences across time. RESULTS: A three-factor model of AEs (i.e., admired, shame, and self-loathing) was found in both semesters, with strong invariance between semesters. Mean scores between groups were equivalent and semester. However, self-loathing had the lowest mean (mean = 2.50; between mostly disagree and slightly agree), admired was at moderately agree (mean = 4.00), and shame was strongest at just over moderately agree (mean = 4.20). CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals a three-factor structure of AEs and the stability of these emotions among highly successful Chinese learners. Despite being elite students, this sample of Chinese learners felt shame and pride in response to mid-term examinations.

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BACKGROUND: This study aimed to verify a translated Malay version of the Achievement Emotions Questionnaire for Physical Education (AEQ-PE) by assessing the level of achievement emotions in six constructs among the Malaysian primary school pupils using the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). METHODS: A total of 607 Malay pupils, comprising 240 (39.5%) boys and 367 (60.5%) girls aged between 10 and 11, were recruited from 10 schools to answer the questionnaire, which measured their views on 24 items through a five-point Likert scale. The AEQ-PE was translated into Malay language (AEQ-PE-M) using forwarding to backward translation techniques. Certain phrases were adopted in accordance with the local culture and vocabulary appropriate for primary school pupils. CFA was performed using the Mplus 8.0 software, and the final model demonstrated high reliability in terms of the composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS: Analysis of the CFA showed an acceptable fit indices in CFI (0.936), TLI (0.926), RMSEA = 0.039 (90% CI, 0.034, 0.045) and SRMR (0.049) of the AEQ-PE measurement model. All of the items in the original AEQ-PE version were retained and deemed suitable for Malay primary school pupils. CONCLUSION: The AEQ-PE-M with 24 items was a suitable tool for measuring the level of school children's involvement in determining achievement emotions and their motivation towards physical education.

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Verifying that conceptualisations of emotions are consistent across languages and cultures is a critical precondition for meaningful cross-cultural research on emotional experience. For achievement-related emotions tied to successes or failures, such evidence is virtually non-existent. To address this gap, we compared Canadian, German, Colombian, and Chinese university students' (NTotal = 126) perceptions of affective, cognitive, motivational, physiological, and expressive characteristics of 16 achievement-related emotions using a psycholinguistic tool for profiling emotion concepts (Achievement Emotions CoreGRID). Cross-cultural similarity of emotion concepts quantified through double-entry intraclass correlations was generally high, and highest for their affective, cognitive, and motivational components. However, results also point to cultural variation, particularly for physiological and expressive components. Variation in perceived physiological characteristics was most pronounced for boredom, and for comparisons of Canada, Germany, and Colombia with China. Implications for theoretical propositions of universality of emotion concepts and future research on achievement-related emotions are discussed.

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This study aimed to investigate the effect of academic hatred, referring to the hatred of academic work, on the developmental process of the core dimensions of academic burnout, namely, emotional exhaustion and cynicism. Data were collected from 1015 (57.3% female) senior high school students in South Korea. The results showed that emotional exhaustion, cynicism and academic hatred were stable across three waves. An autoregressive cross-lagged model showed that emotional exhaustion was predictive of future academic hatred, which in turn was associated with future cynicism. Significant mediation pathways were also identified, with academic hatred mediating the longitudinal link between emotional exhaustion and cynicism. This longitudinal study can strengthen the understanding of academic hatred within the developmental process of academic burnout. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

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Research has started to acknowledge the importance of emotions for complex learning and cognitive performance. However, research on epistemic emotions has only recently become more prominent. Research in educational psychology in particular has mostly focused on examining achievement emotions instead of epistemic emotions. Furthermore, only few studies have addressed functional mechanisms underlying multiple different epistemic emotions simultaneously, and only one study has systematically compared the origins and effects of epistemic emotions with other emotions relevant to knowledge generation (i.e., achievement emotions; Vogl et al., 2019). The present article aimed to replicate the findings from Vogl et al. (2019) exploring within-person interrelations, origins, and outcomes of the epistemic emotions surprise, curiosity, and confusion, and the achievement emotions pride and shame, as well as to analyze their robustness and generalizability across two different study settings (online; Study 1, n = 169 vs. lab; Study 2, n = 79). In addition, the previous findings by Vogl et al. (2019, Study 3) and the present two new studies were meta-analytically integrated to consolidate evidence on origins and outcomes of epistemic emotions. The results of the two new studies largely replicated the findings by Vogl et al. (2019). Combined with the meta-analytic results, the findings confirm distinct patterns of antecedents for epistemic vs. achievement emotions: Pride and shame were more strongly associated with the correctness of a person's answer (i.e., accuracy), whereas surprise, curiosity, and confusion were more strongly related to incorrect responses a person was confident in (i.e., high-confidence errors) producing cognitive incongruity. Furthermore, in contrast to achievement emotions, epistemic emotions had positive effects on the exploration of knowledge. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

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Objective. The psychometric properties of four academic help-seeking scales measuring benefits, threats, emotional costs and avoidance of academic help-seeking in two samples of Argentinian university students were tested. Method. In phase one, a three correlated-factors measurement model (benefits, threats, emotional costs) and a one-factor model (avoidance) were evaluated. In phase two, two models where social academic self-efficacy (SAS), task value and achievement goals would predict the help-seeking constructs which, in turn, would predict shame in class were evaluated. Results. In phase one, the confirmatory factor analysis strongly supported the models, and all of the factor loadings were high. In phase two, on the one hand, SAS predicted benefits, threats and emotional costs. Moreover, threats and emotional costs predicted shame. Even more, SAS predicted shame via its effects on threats and emotional costs. On the other hand, SAS, task value, and performance-approach predicted avoidance. Moreover, avoidance and SAS had a direct effect on shame. The benefits, threats, emotional costs, and avoidance scales demonstrated adequate levels of internal consistency (α = 0.85, 0.72, 0.90, and 0.90). Conclusion. The scales are reliable, internally valid as demonstrated by the factor analyses, and externally valid in terms of relationships with motivational and emotional constructs.

Objetivo. Se evaluaron las propiedades psicométricas de cuatro escalas de búsqueda de ayuda académica que miden beneficios, amenazas, costos emocionales y evitación de la búsqueda de ayuda académica en dos muestras de estudiantes universitarios argentinos. Método. En la fase uno se evaluó un modelo de medición con tres factores relacionados (beneficios, amenazas, costos emocionales) y un modelo unidimensional (evitación). En la fase dos se evaluaron dos modelos donde autoeficacia social académica (ASA), valor de la tarea y metas de logro predecirían los constructos de búsqueda de ayuda, los cuales predecirían la vergüenza en clase. Resultados. Los análisis factorial confirmatorios, realizados en la fase uno apoyaron los modelos, con elevadas cargas factoriales. En la fase dos, se encontró que ASA predijo beneficios, amenazas y costos emocionales. Adicionalmente, amenazas y costos emocionales predijeron vergüenza. Incluso, ASA predijo vergüenza, vía sus efectos en amenazas y costos emocionales. Por otro lado, ASA, valor de la tarea y aproximación-rendimiento predijeron evitación. Además, evitación y ASA tuvieron un efecto directo sobre vergüenza. Las escalas de beneficios, amenazas, costos emocionales y evitación demostraron niveles adecuados de consistencia interna (α = 0.85, 0.72, 0.90 y 0.90). Conclusión. Las escalas son confiables, válidas internamente como demostraron los análisis factoriales, y válidas externamente en términos de relaciones con constructos motivacionales y emocionales.

Escopo. Foram avaliadas as propriedades psicométricas de quatro escadas de procura de ajuda académica que medem benefícios, ameaças, custos emocionais e evitação da procura de ajuda académica em duas amostras de estudantes universitários argentinos. Metodologia. Fase um: foi avaliado um modelo de medição com três fatores relacionados (benefícios, ameaças, custos emocionais) e um modelo unidimensional (evitação). Fase dois: foram avaliados dois modelos onde autoeficácia social académica (asa), valor da tarefa e metas de logro poderiam predizer os construtos de procura de ajuda, os quais poderiam predizer a vergonha na aula. Resultados. Fase um: Análises fatoriais confirmatórios apoiaram os modelos, com elevadas cargas fatoriais. Fase dois. Por um lado, asa previu benefícios, ameaças e custos emocionais. Adicionalmente, ameaças e custos emocionais predisseram vergonha. Mesmo, asa previu vergonha, via seus efeitos em ameaças e custos emocionais. Por outro lado, asa, valor de tarefa e aproximação-rendimento previram evitação. Além, evitação e asa tiveram um efeito direito sobre vergonha. As escadas de benefícios, ameaças, custos emocionais e evitação demostraram níveis adequados de consistência interna (α = 0.85, 0.72, 0.90 y 0.90). Conclusão. As escadas são confiáveis, válidas internamente como demostraram análises fatoriais, e válidas externamente em términos de relações com construtos motivacionais e emocionais.

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