RESUMEN

Introduction: Inappropriate feeding practices are a major contributor to child malnutrition. To monitor the feeding practices of young children, current and frequent studies are required. However, as far as our searches are concerned, there is a scarcity of up-to-date information on attainment of the minimum acceptable diet and its predictors in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of attainment of the minimum acceptable diet and its associated factors among children aged 6-23 in Ghana by using the most recent data. Methods: Secondary data analysis was conducted based on the demographic and health survey data conducted in Ghana in 2022. A total weighted sample of 2,621 children aged 6-23 months in the 5 years preceding the survey was included in this study. A multi-level logistic regression model was used to identify the determinants of the minimum acceptable diet. The adjusted odds ratio at 95% Cl was computed to assess the strength and significance of the association between explanatory and outcome variables. Factors with a p-value of <0.05 are declared statistically significant. Results: The national prevalence of the attainment of the minimum acceptable diet in Ghana was 26.40% (95% CI: 24.82-28.06). Child from mother with higher education (AOR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.56-3.31) and father with higher education (AOR = 1.59; 95% CI: 1.04-2.41), Children having postnatal visit (AOR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.03-1.62), being in the child age of 9-11 months (AOR = 2.09; 95% CI: 1.42-5.03) and 12-23 months (AOR = 3.62; 95% CI: 2.61-5.03), being in a middle (AOR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.14-3.06), and rich wealth quintile (AOR = 2.06; 95% CI: 1.37-3.10), breastfed children (AOR = 3.30; 95% CI: 2.38-4.56), being in a high-community poverty (AOR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.44-0.96), and being in the Savannah region (AOR = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.16-0.67) were factors significantly associated with the minimum acceptable diet use. Conclusion: Many children are still far behind in meeting the minimum acceptable diet in Ghana as per 90% of WHO-recommended coverage. Measures should be taken to optimize the minimum acceptable diet attainment in the country. Thus, policymakers, the government, and other relevant authorities should focus on the early initiation of complementary feeding, the Savannah region, further empowering women, and enhancing breast-feeding and household wealth status.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Introduction: The achievement of the minimum acceptable diet intake (MAD) stands at 14% among urban and 10% among rural under-five children in Ethiopia. Consequently, identifying the determinants of the urban-rural gap is vital for advancing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), fostering healthier communities, and developing evidence-driven approaches to enhance health outcomes and address disparities. Objective: The objective of the study was to decompose the urban-rural disparities in minimum acceptable diet intake in Ethiopia using the Ethiopian Mini-Demographic and Health Survey 2019 data. Method: The study was conducted using the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2019 report. A total of 1,496 weighted children aged 6-23 months were included using stratified sampling techniques. The main outcome variable minimum acceptable diet was calculated as a combined proportion of minimum dietary diversity and minimum meal frequency. A decomposition analysis was used to analyze the factors associated with the urban-rural discrepancy of minimum acceptable diet intake, and the results were presented using tables and figures. Result: The magnitude of minimum acceptable diet among children aged 6-23 months in Ethiopia was 11.0%. There has been a significant disparity in the intake of minimum acceptable diet between urban and rural under-five children with 14 and 10%, respectively. Endowment factors were responsible for 70.2% of the discrepancy, followed by 45.1% with behavioral coefficients. Educational status of college and above was responsible for narrowing the gap between urban and rural residents by 23.9% (ß = 0.1313, 95% CI: 0.0332-0.245). The number of children in the household and the age of the child between 18 and 23 months were responsible for widening the gap in minimum acceptable diet intake discrepancy between urban and rural residents by 30.7% and 3.36%, respectively (ß = -0.002, 95% CI: -0.003 to -0.0011 and ß = -30.7, 95% CI: -0.025 - -0.0085). From the effect coefficients, the effect of institutional delivery was responsible for 1.99% of the widening of the gap between urban and rural residents in minimum acceptable diet intake (ß = -0.0862, 95% CI: -0.1711 - -0.0012). Conclusion: There is a significant variation between urban and rural residents in minimum acceptable diet. The larger portion of the discrepancy was explained by the endowment effect. Educational status of mothers with college and above, parity, age of child, and place of delivery were the significant factors contributing to the discrepancy of minimum acceptable diet intake between urban and rural residents.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Background: Nutrition and diet are critical to managing Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Low-income households often face challenges maintaining a healthy and balanced diet due to food insecurity, availability, and cost. To address this issue, we used a linear goal programming (LGP) model to develop nutritionally adequate, affordable, accessible, and culturally acceptable diets for persons with T2D in Benin, a French-speaking sub-Saharan country. The goal was to help persons with T2D manage their condition more effectively. Methods: We compiled a robust list of local commonly consumed foods in Benin, and calculated their nutritional value using West African food composition tables and food costs per serving from a market survey. Using mathematical optimization techniques, we designed dietary plans that meet the daily nutrient intake recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to prevent chronic diseases in normal adults. While adhering to dietary constraints of T2D, we developed optimized diet plans with varying energy levels that meet all nutrient requirements while considering availability, acceptability, and budgetary constraints. Results: Fifty-two food items and recipes were evaluated to create six low-cost daily menus. Menu 1 was the most affordable at CFA 1,127 (USD 1.88), providing 1890 kcal of energy, while Menu 6 was the most expensive at CFA 1,227 (USD 2.05), providing 1749 kcal. All the menus met the daily WHO minimum requirements for carbohydrates, fat, cholesterol, and fiber content, while other nutrients such as protein, vitamin C, and iron reached the upper limits of the acceptable value range. Conclusion: Linear goal programming can be an effective tool in helping to obtain optimized adequate, accessible, and culturally acceptable diets at minimal cost by interpreting and translating dietary recommendations into a nutritional model, based on local market prices.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Improving the minimum acceptable diet (MAD) is essential for ensuring optimal growth and development of children, as well as preventing malnutrition and its consequences. Previous studies in Ethiopia have focused on the magnitude and determinants of a minimum acceptable diet. However, much emphasis was not given to minimum acceptable diet and its associated factors among 6-23 months old children enrolled in Outpatient therapeutic programs (OTP), particularly, in the study area. This study determines the minimum acceptable diet and associated factors among 6-23-month-old children enrolled in OTP. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 346 randomly selected mothers with children aged 6-23 months who were admitted to the OTP. The data were collected using interviewer-administered structured questionnaires. The data were entered, cleaned, coded into Epidata version 4.6, and exported to SPSS version 26 for further analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the determinants of MAD. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of minimum Acceptable diet among children aged 6-23 months enrolled to OTP was 14.5% (95% CI: 12.02-19%). The odds of MAD were 1.9 times higher among children aged 18-23 months compared to children aged 6-11 months (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI ((1.2 3.9). The odds of MAD were 2.9times higher in children whose mothers had a good knowledge on recommended feeding (AOR = 2.9, 95% CI (1.2, 6.35). Mothers who had no formal education were 81% less likely to provide minimum acceptable diets for their children compared to their counterpart.(AOR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.24, 4.19). CONCLUSION: The practice of a minimum acceptable diet is inadequate. Nutrition education should be emphasized to improve the mothers' nutrition knowledge regarding infant and young child feeding recommendations, to support mothers in overcoming barriers to feeding their children with adequate diets, and to foster complementary feeding practices for malnourished children.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Background: Despite prior progress and the proven benefits of optimal feeding practices, improving child dietary intake in developing countries like Ethiopia remains challenging. In Ethiopia, over 89% of children fail to meet the minimum acceptable diet. Understanding the geographical disparity and determinants of minimum acceptable diet can enhance child feeding practices, promoting optimal child growth. Methods: Spatial and multiscale geographically weighted regression analysis was conducted among 1,427 weighted sample children aged 6-23 months. ArcGIS Pro and SatScan version 9.6 were used to map the visual presentation of geographical distribution failed to achieve the minimum acceptable diet. A multiscale geographically weighted regression analysis was done to identify significant determinants of level of minimum acceptable diet. The statistical significance was declared at P-value <0.05. Results: Overall, 89.56% (95CI: 87.85-91.10%) of children aged 6-23 months failed to achieve the recommended minimum acceptable diet. Significant spatial clustering was detected in the Somali, Afar regions, and northwestern Ethiopia. Children living in primary clusters were 3.6 times more likely to be unable to achieve the minimum acceptable diet (RR = 3.61, LLR =13.49, p < 0.001). Mother's with no formal education (Mean = 0.043, p-value = 0.000), family size above five (Mean = 0.076, p-value = 0.005), No media access (Mean = 0.059, p-value = 0.030), home delivery (Mean = 0.078, p-value = 0.002), and no postnatal checkup (Mean = 0.131, p-value = 0.000) were found to be spatially significant determinants of Inadequate minimum acceptable diet. Conclusion: Level of minimum acceptable diet among children in Ethiopia varies geographically. Therefore, to improve child feeding practices in Ethiopia, it is highly recommended to deploy additional resources to high-need areas and implement programs that enhance women's education, maternal healthcare access, family planning, and media engagement.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Background: Malnutrition is common among children under 5 years of age in Indonesia, with the rates varying between urban and rural areas. The minimum acceptable diet (MAD) assesses nutrient quality and quantity. This study aimed to identify the potential variables for MAD in 6-23-month-old children in both urban and rural Indonesia. Methods: We used the data from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey to conduct this nationally representative study. A total of 4,688 children aged 6-23 months were included in the study. MAD was classified using the 2017 World Health Organization global nutrition monitoring framework. The determinants of MAD were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Results: Overall, 45% of children aged 6-23 months received the required MAD, with 47.4% receiving the MAD in urban areas and 35.7% in rural areas. Children's age, fathers' age, parents' education level, mothers' employment, and wealth index were strongly linked to MAD in both rural and urban homes. The factor specifically related to MAD in urban areas was mother living with her husband. For rural households, mothers' involvement in decisionmaking and a minimum of four antenatal care (ANC) visits significantly increased the likelihood of their children's MAD status. Conclusion: MAD status was determined by increased child age, higher parent education, younger father, working mother, and higher wealth index in children aged 6-23 months in both urban and rural settings. Mothers living with a spouse determined the MAD status only in urban areas. More frequent ANC visits and mother participation in household decisions were other factors related to MAD status in rural areas.

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Poor quality of complementary foods is a key contributor to undernutrition even with optimal breastfeeding. Minimum Acceptable Diet (MAD) has tremendous health and nutrition benefits but only 12% of Ethiopian children's feeding practices meet its standards. The Ethiopian government has recently increased efforts to expand nutrition-sensitive irrigation to improve child nutrition. However, the impact that irrigation has brought on the minimum acceptable diet practice of children below two years has not yet been studied. The aim of this study was to compare the magnitude of MAD practice and associated factors among children aged 6-23 months in households with irrigated users and non-users of North Mecha district, Ethiopia. METHODS: A community-based comparative cross-sectional study was employed among 824 mother-child pairs. For infant and young child feeding practices, the data collection tools were adapted from the World Health Organization's standardized questionnaire developed in 2010. X2 test was used to compare the MAD practices of irrigated users' and non-irrigated users. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to see the predictor variables. p-value < 0.05 was taken to declare statistical significance. RESULTS: The present study showed that the MAD practice of under two children in irrigated users is significantly higher than non-users (X2 = 13.91, P <.001). Maternal involvement in decision-making [AOR = 4.37, 95% CI: (2.05,9.33)], initiation of breastfeeding [AOR = 5.29, 95% CI: (2.393,11.672)], and history of illness [AOR = 4.10, 95%CI: (1.48,11.38)] were independent predictors for MAD practice among irrigated users. Whereas, maternal involvement in decision making [AOR = 4.71, 95% CI: ( 2.28, 9.75)], place of delivery [AOR = 2.51, 95% CI: ( 1.14, 5.55)], postnatal care (PNC) follow-up [AOR = 3.01, 95%CI: (1.57, 5.77)] and growth monitoring and promotion (GMP) service utilization [AOR = 4.64, 95% CI: (2.40, 8.95)] were the independent predictors among the non-users. CONCLUSION: MAD practice was much higher in irrigated users than in non-irrigated users. Involvement in a decision, place of delivery, PNC, and GMP are independent predictors of MAD in children from non-irrigated households. The study suggested that expanding access to irrigation to households may be the best approach to improve child nutrition.

RESUMEN

Despite significant progress made previously and the recognized health benefits of optimal feeding practices, ensuring a minimum acceptable diet in developing countries like Ethiopia remains a formidable challenge. Additionally, there is a scarcity of data in this area. Therefore, our study aims to identify predictors of a minimum acceptable diet using a powerful tool called complementary log-log regression analysis. Thus, it contributes to accelerating the pathway of ending child undernutrition thereby promoting optimal child health. A multilevel analysis was conducted among a weighted sample of 1427 children aged 6-23 months using the 2019 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS). The EDHS sample was stratified and selected in two stages. A minimum acceptable diet is defined as a composite of children fed with both minimum dietary diversity and minimum meal frequency. Data extraction took place between August 1 and 30, 2023. We used STATA software version 17 for data analysis. A complementary log-log regression model was fitted to identify significant predictors of the minimum acceptable diet. A p-value of ≤0.05 was used to declare statistically significant predictors. Only 10.44% (95CI: 8.90-12.15) of the children meet the minimum acceptable diet. Child aged (18-23 month) (AOR = 1.78, 95CI:1.14-2.78)], mother's educational level (secondary and above education) (AOR = 279,95CI: 1.51-5.15), number of children three and above [(AOR = 0.78,95CI: 0.53-0.94], institutional delivery [AOR = 1.77,95CI: 1.11-3.11], having postnatal-check-up [AOR = 2.33,95CI: 1.59-3.41] and high community poverty level (AOR = 0.49,95CI: 0.29-0.85) were found to be predictors of minimum acceptable diet. In Ethiopia, only one in ten children achieve a minimum acceptable diet. Which is lower than the global report findings (16%). Enhancing maternal education programs and promoting family planning strategies to reduce household size are essential. Besides, encouraging institutional deliveries and postnatal check-ups are also recommended. It is necessary to implement targeted interventions for poverty reduction in communities to ensure that families can afford nutritious diets for their children.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: To ensure a child's full growth, health, and development during infancy and the early years, adequate nutrition is crucial. A crucial window of opportunity for ensuring children's proper growth and development through adequate eating exists during the first two years of life. According to the evidence of the efficacy of interventions, achieving universal coverage of optimal breastfeeding could prevent 13% of deaths in children under the age of 5 worldwide, and using complementary feeding methods appropriately would lead to an additional 6% decrease in under-five mortality. METHODS: From several electronic databases, all published, unpublished, and gray literature was extracted and exported into EndNote version X20. For further analysis of the review, the retrieved data from the excel sheet were imported into the statistical software program Stata version. Metanalysis was used to determine the prevalence of MAD, and a random effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of MAD. The DerSimonian-Laird Random effects model (REM) was used to combine the determinant factors from all qualifying papers for the meta-analysis, and the heterogeneity was independently assessed using a χ2 test, Q statistics, and matching I2 statistics. To retrieve the extent of publication bias, funnel plots were scattered and tested for asymmetry and, additionally, Egger's test was computed with the user-written "meta bias" command in Stata (version 11) software. To end, sensitivity analyses with trim and fill were performed. RESULTS: The pooled estimate of the overall prevalence of minimum acceptable diet in 16 studies in Ethiopia was 22% with (95% CI: 16, 28%) with a random effect model. However, eight papers were filled during trim and fill in order to counteract the small study effect. The overall filled pooled estimate was 7.9% with (95%CI: 11, 14.8%). Maternal education (primary and secondary) is 1.714 (95% CI 1.244,2.363) and 2.150(95% CI: 1.449,3.190), respectively, Ages of children with range of 12-17 months (2.158 (95% CI 1. 9,3.006) and 18-23 months 2.948(95% CI: 1.675,5.190)), Nutrition information ((1.883 (95% CI 1.169,3.032)) media exposure (1.778(95% CI: 1.396,2.265), and maternal knowledge (2.449 (95% CI 1.232, 5.027) were significantly associated with MAD. CONCLUSION: The pooled estimate of the overall prevalence of minimum acceptable diet in 16 studies in Ethiopia were low. Maternal education (primary and secondary), ages of child with range of 12-17 month and 18-23 months, mothers having nutrition information, mothers who have media exposure,and mothers having good knowledge were significantly associated with Minimum acceptable diet. The government, NGO, and other stakeholders should focus on improving Minimum acceptable diet among 6 to 23 months of children through promoting with mass media, focuses on nutrition council during critical contact point in health facility, and doing capacity building for the mothers/caregivers.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The minimum acceptable diet is the proportion of children aged 6-23 months who consumed the minimum meal frequency and minimum dietary diversity during the previous day or night. The minimum acceptable diet assesses both micronutrient adequacy and the quantity of food consumed during the previous day or night. Inappropriate infant and young child feeding practices during this period result in significant threats to child health through impaired cognitive development. Therefore, this study aims to assess the minimum acceptable diet and associated factors among children aged 6-23 months in Jig-Jiga, Somali region, Eastern Ethiopia. METHODS: A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in Jig-Jiga town. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 536 children aged 6-23 months with their mothers. Data were collected using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire. The data were entered into Epi-data 3.1. The data were cleaned and analyzed using SPSS v20. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done, and model fitness was checked and tested by the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test. The results of the adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals and P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULT: The overall prevalence of a minimum acceptable diet was 47.2% (95% CI: 43.1-51.6). Occupation of fathers (AOR = 0.5, 95%CI: 0.3-0.8), child age of 6-11 months (AOR = 3.6, 95%CI: 1.7-7.7), age of the mother 15-24 years (AOR = 7.6, 95%CI: 1.5-38.146), 25-34 years (AOR = 5.56, 95%CI: 1.17-26.325), mothers who had only one under-five child (AOR = 2.1, 95%CI: 1.298-3.471), and media as a source of information (AOR = 0.16, 95%CI: 0.061-0.433) were associated with the minimum acceptable diet. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the prevalence of a minimum acceptable diet was low. Factors associated with a minimum acceptable diet included the father's occupation, the child's age, the mother's age, having one under-five child, and the media as a source of information. Therefore, interventional strategies that focus on family planning and advocacy for infant and young child feeding are required to improve the provision of a minimum acceptable diet.

RESUMEN

Background: The first 1,000 days of a child's life is a critical window for growth faltering, deficiencies, and common childhood illnesses. Even with optimum breastfeeding, children 6-23 months are at higher risk of being undernourished if they do not receive adequate and appropriate complementary feeding. Therefore, this study was carried out to assess the nutritional status of children 6-23 months and find the association between sociodemographic profile and nutritional status. Materials and Methods: Mothers of 411 children of age 6-23 months in an urban area of Raipur were interviewed using a pretested questionnaire based on the WHO indicators to record their complementary feeding practices. Weight, height, and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) was taken to assess the nutritional status. Overall and specific (sex-wise and severity-wise) prevalence rate of stunting, wasting, and underweight were calculated. The distribution of these according to various factors like infant and young child feeding practices, and details of study subject and family were calculated. Chi-square test of significance was applied to find the association between nutritional status and independent variables and their strength of association. Results: The prevalence of wasting was 25%, underweight 30%, and stunting 15%. Statistically significant association of underweight with age of the parents, both mother and father, was observed (P < 0.05). Minimum dietary diversity was achieved by only 4.1% and minimum acceptable diet by 2.4% children. Conclusions: The prevalence of wasting and undernutrition was assessed. Complementary feeding indicators were unsatisfactory among children. Ending all forms of malnutrition is the global goal. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that directly affect or indirectly influence nutrition have to be recalled at this stage and addressing malnutrition is a key element required to achieving them.

RESUMEN

To meet the 2030 goal to end all types of malnutrition, thoroughly investigating and addressing context-specific factors of undernutrition is crucial. Therefore, this study assessed the prevalence of undernutrition and associated factors among children aged 6-23 months in South-East Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 580 randomly sampled mother-child pairs in February 2022. Socio-demographic, dietary intake, household food security (HFS), maternal knowledge and practices of child feeding, and the child's weight and height data were collected. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was done. The prevalence of stunted, wasted, and underweight children was 32⋅1, 7, and 9 %, respectively. Being male (AOR = 1⋅75), not using the growth monitoring and promotion (GMP) service (AOR = 1⋅50), household food insecurity (HFI) (AOR = 1⋅67), lack of improved water (AOR = 2⋅26), and bottle-feeding (AOR = 1⋅54) were significantly associated with stunting. Being male (AOR = 3⋅02), having low maternal knowledge on child-feeding practices (AOR = 3⋅89), not listening to the radio/television (AOR = 3⋅69), having a history of fever (AOR = 3⋅39), bottle-feeding (AOR = 3⋅58), and HFI (AOR = 3⋅77) were significantly predicted wasting. Being male (AOR = 3⋅44), not using GMP service (AOR = 2⋅00), having a history of fever (AOR = 4⋅24), lack of knowledge on optimal breastfeeding duration (AOR = 3⋅58), low maternal knowledge on child feeding (AOR = 2⋅21), HFI (AOR = 2⋅04), and lack of improved water (AOR = 3⋅00) showed significant association with underweight. In conclusion, stunting is alarmingly common while wasting and underweight are sub-optimal. Prevention of infectious disease, providing basic education for fathers, ensuring HFS; enhancing media access, maternal knowledge about IYCFP and improving water access; and GMP service utilisation are crucial to improve child nutrition.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To describe the feeding status and related factors of infant and young child aged 6-23 months in China. METHODS: Data was from the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance among 0-17 Years Old Children and Lactating Women in 2016-2017, and 20 423 children aged 6-23 months were involved in 275 surveillance sites from 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities). The introduction of solid, semi-solid or soft foods, minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency were analyzed with WHO and UNICEF 2021 updated infant and young child feeding indicators. Data analyses were conducted using the complex weight based on national census from National Bureau of Statistics in 2010. Rao-Scott Chi-square was used test for statistical difference. RESULTS: The percentage of infants 6-8 months of age who consumed solid, semi-solid or soft foods was 83.2%(95%CI 80.5%-85.9%) in 2016-2017. No significant difference were observed between boys and girls; there was significant difference in different areas(Rao-Scott χ~2=30.85, P<0.01), it was 90.3% in medium and small cities, and reached 75.0% even in poor rural areas. The proportions of children aged 6-23 months meeting minimum dietary diversity(MDD) was 60.6%(95%CI 58.1%-63.1%). It was 71.1% in medium and small cities, and 50.5% in poor rural areas. Except for breast milk, the percentage of eggs(34.4%) and legumes(19.0%) consumption was low, the percentage of grains, vitamin A-rich fruits or vegetables consumption was 89.7%(95%CI 88.4%-91.1%). The percentage of consuming egg and/or flesh food was 76.4%(95%CI 74.2%-78.7%). The percentage of zero vegetables or fruits consumption was 9.1%(95%CI 7.8%-10.4%). The proportions of children aged 6-23 months meeting minimum meal frequency(MMF) was 72.4%(95%CI 70.1%-74.7%). It was over 70% in large cities, medium and small cities, general rural areas; and 60.2% in poor rural areas. The proportions of children aged 6-23 months meeting minimum acceptable diet was 43.4%(95%CI 40.7%-46.1%), it was over 50% in urban areas, and less than 40% in rural areas, 30.1% in poor rural areas. No consistent differences were observed between boys and girls for all 3 indicators(MDD, MMF and MAD), and there was significant difference in different areas and various months of age(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: There was no gender difference in the feeding status of children aged 6-23 months in China, the complementary feeding was relatively timely, and the minimum dietary diversity and meal frequency of children were relatively ideal, but the minimum acceptable diet of children in poor rural areas was poor.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Despite Tanzania's achievement in reducing childhood problems, undernutrition is still a problem. Little is known about how mothers' knowledge on complementary feeding practice affects their children nutritional status. Therefore, the study determined how nutritional status of Maasai children aged 6-24 months is related to their mothers or caregivers' knowledge on complementary feeding. A semistructured questionnaire was used in analytical cross-sectional study including 286 Maasai mothers and their 6-24-month-old children. A convenient and snowball sampling were employed in choosing households and mothers. Using SPSS version 20 and ENA for SMART software, demographic variables, mother's complementary feeding knowledge and practices, and anthropometric data were examined. Respondents were mostly young female aged 29 ± 9.5 years, married (89.2%), housewives (88.8%), with no formal education (39.1%). Maasai mothers (51.1%) introduced complementary foods at 4 months. Of all children, 75.2% did not attain minimum acceptable diet, whereas 66.1% and 57.3% did not meet minimum number of meals per day and recommended variety of foods, respectively. Based on complementary feeding practices, underweight was associated with timely introduction of complementary foods (p = .000), minimum dietary diversity (p = .001), and minimum acceptable diet (p = .001). Stunting was associated with minimum acceptable diet (p = .0027). Regarding mother's knowledge, underweight was associated with breastfeeding duration (p = .000) and meals adequacy (p = .014). Wasting was associated with breastfeeding duration (p = .027). Maasai mothers' weaning practices were unsatisfactory and children's nutritional status was poor. Children's nutritional status was significantly associated with mother's understanding on complementary feeding, which was only somewhat adequate.

RESUMEN

Background: Minimum acceptable diet (MAD) is a core indicator of infant and child feeding practices (IYCF). Meeting the MAD is essential to enhance the nutritional status of children aged 6-23 months. Objective: To identify the determinants of meeting the MAD among children aged 6-23 months in Bangladesh. Methods: The study was based on a secondary dataset of the 2017-2018 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS 2017-18). Complete (weighted) data from 2,426 children aged 6-23 months were analyzed. Results: The overall percentage of meeting the MAD was 34.70%, whereas, in terms of urban and rural, it was 39.56% and 32.96%, respectively. Age of the children 9-11 months [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.54; 95% CI: 2.33-5.4], 12-17 months [AOR = 6.72; 95% CI: 4.63-9.77], and 18-23 months [AOR = 7.12; 95% CI: 1.72-5.98], the maternal primary [AOR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.07-2.86], secondary [AOR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.36-3.89], and higher education [AOR = 3.21; 95% CI: 1.72-5.98], currently working mothers [AOR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.13-1.79], mothers' access to mass media [AOR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1-1.66], and at least four antenatal care (ANC) from medically skilled providers [AOR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.39,2.18] were independent determinants of meeting the MAD. Conclusions: Many children are still far behind in meeting the MAD. Nutritional interventions like improved nutrition recipes, nutrition education and homemade food supplementation, nutritional counseling by home visits, community mobilization, health forums, antenatal and postnatal sessions, and media campaigns on IYCF are needed to meet MAD practice.

RESUMEN

The first 2 years of life are a critical window of opportunity for ensuring optimal child growth and development. In Ethiopia, the magnitude of the minimum acceptable diet ranges from 7 to 74⋅6 %. The evidence revealed the variation and unrelated data on the prevalence of minimum acceptable diet. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the minimum acceptable diet and its associated factors among children aged 6-23 months in Lalibela town administration, northeast Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Lalibela town administration, northeast Ethiopia among 387 mothers/caregivers with children aged 6-23 months from May 1 to 30, 2022. The data were entered by Epidata version 3.1 and analysed by SPSS version 25.0. A multivariable binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with minimum acceptable diet. The degrees of association were assessed using an adjusted odds ratio with a 95 % confidence interval and P-value of 0⋅05. The magnitude of minimum acceptable diet in the study area was 16⋅7 % (95 % confidence interval: 12⋅8-20⋅6 %). Sex of child, getting infant and young child feeding counselling at antenatal care, infant feeding practice-related knowledge and childhood illness are the variables that were found to be an independent predictor of minimum acceptable diet. Health facilities should strengthen infant feeding counselling starting from antenatal care visits during pregnancy for the recommended minimum acceptable diet is crucial.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Subnational evidence on the level of inequality in receiving complementary feeding practice among Bangladeshi children is lacking. This study estimated inequality in the minimum acceptable diet (MAD) among Bangladeshi children aged 6-23 months, and identified risk factors for and developed projections of the MAD up to 2030. Data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017-2018 were used in this cross-sectional study. Regression-based slope (SII) and relative index of inequality (RII) were used to quantify the level of absolute and relative inequality, respectively. A Bayesian logistic regression model was used to identify the potential determinants of a MAD and project prevalence up to 2030. About 38% of children aged 6-23 months received a MAD. The national prevalence of a MAD was 26.0 percentage points higher among children from the richest compared to the poorest households, and 32.1 percentage points higher among children of higher-educated over illiterate mothers. Socioeconomic inequality was found to be the highest in the Chattogram division (SII: 43.9), while education-based inequality was highest in the Sylhet division (SII: 47.7). Maternal employment and the number of ANC visits were also identified as significant determinants of a MAD, and the prevalence of a MAD was projected to increase from 42.5% in 2020 to 67.9% in 2030. Approximately two out of five children received a MAD in Bangladesh and significant socioeconomic and education-based inequalities in the MAD were observed. Subnational variation in socioeconomic and education-based inequalities in the MAD requires further public health attention, and poverty reduction programs need to be strengthened.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Inequalities in child feeding practices are evident in urban slums in developing nations. Our study identified the determinants of complementary feeding (CF) practices in the informal settings of Pune, India, a district close to the business capital of India. METHODS: Employing a cross-sectional study design, 1066 mother-children dyads were surveyed. Five indicators defined by the WHO were used to study complementary feeding practices. Determinants of complementary feeding practices were identified using multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Timely initiation of CF was reported by 42%. Minimum acceptable diet (MAD), minimum meal frequency (MMF), and Diet Diversity Score > 4 were achieved by 14.9%, 76.5%, and 16.4%, respectively. Continued breastfeeding (CBF) at 2 years, and feeding processed foods were practiced by 94% and 50%, respectively. Among the maternal characteristics, a mother's age > 30 years at pregnancy was less likely to achieve DD [AOR: 0.195 (CI 0.047-0.809)] and MAD [AOR: 0.231 (CI 0.056-0.960)]. Mothers with lower education were less likely to meet MMF [AOR: 0.302 (0.113-0.807)], MAD [AOR: 0.505 (CI 0.295-0.867)] and to introduce formula feeds (FF) [AOR: 0.417 (0.193- 0.899)]. Among obstetric characteristics, birth spacing < 33 months was less likely to achieve DD [AOR: 0.594 (CI 0.365-0.965)] and CBF [AOR: 0.562 (CI: 0.322-0.982)]. Receiving IYCF counseling only during postnatal care hindered the timely initiation of CF [AOR: 0.638 (0.415-0.981)]. Very Low Birth Weight increased the odds of achieving DD [AOR: 2.384 (1.007-5.644)] and MAD [AOR: 2.588(CI: 1.054-6.352)], while low birth weight increased the odds of children being introduced to processed foods [AOR: 1.370 (CI: 1.056-1.776)]. Concerning socio-economic status, being above the poverty line increased the odds of achieving MMF, [AOR: 1.851 (1.005-3.407)]. Other backward castes showed higher odds of achieving MAD [AOR: 2.191 (1.208-3.973)] and undisclosed caste in our study setting decreased the odds of FF [AOR: 0.339 (0.170-0.677)]. Bottle feeding interfered with MMF [AOR: 0.440 (0.317-0.611)] and CBF [AOR: 0.153 (0.105-0.224)]. CONCLUSION: Investing in maternal education and IYCF counseling during both ANC and PNC to provide nutritious complementary foods alongside addressing poverty should be a national priority to prevent the double burden of undernutrition at an early age in informal settings.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

@#Introduction: With the new set of 2021 infant and young child feeding (IYCF) indicators released by WHO and UNICEF, there is a need for its validation in the Philippine setting. The study evaluated the validity of cut-off points used for minimum dietary diversity and minimum feeding frequency in terms of micronutrient and energy intake adequacy, respectively, and minimum acceptable diet (MAD) in relation to anthropometric status. Methods: The study covered 8360 infants and young children aged 6-23.9 months with complete information on IYCF, anthropometric measurements, maternal information, and household characteristics from the 2018-2019 Expanded National Nutrition Survey (ENNS). Bivariate and correlation analyses using STATA version 15 (Corp LLC, Texas, USA 2017) were performed to determine the association of specific IYCF indicators: dietary diversity and feeding frequency with nutrient and energy intake adequacy, and MAD with anthropometric status. Sensitivity and specificity analyses were performed to evaluate the accuracy of dietary diversity score (DDS) and feeding frequency in identifying children with adequate nutrient and energy intakes, respectively. Results: Significant associations were found between DDS and micronutrient adequacy, and between feeding frequency and energy intake adequacy, regardless of breastfeeding status. A DDS of 5 and 6 and feeding frequency of 4-5 and 8 maximised sensitivity and specificity in identifying breastfed and non-breastfed children meeting 100% nutrient and energy adequacy, respectively. Conclusion: The selected 2021 complementary feeding indicators are practical guidelines to reflect dietary adequacy, but may not capture the entire process related to nutritional outcomes, especially stunting.

RESUMEN

Under-nutrition causes approximately half of all deaths in young children every year globally which is exacerbated by the multiple malnutrition burden. Infant and young child feeding practices pose immediate effects on the nutrition status of under 2 years aged children and greatly influence the survival of a child. This study aimed at determining the implication of the infant and young child feeding practices in evaluating stunting in young children among other stunting risk factors. Analytical cross-section study was carried out in Musanze, a district of Rwanda and involved 241 mothers having children aged between 6 and 23 months. Data was collected using a validated semi-structured questionnaire with observations and check list guides. Chi-square test and logistic regressions were used to determine the associations and risk factors of various variables. The results show that minimum meal frequency (MMF) was attained at 83% rate, minimum dietary diversity (MDD) at 57%, minimum acceptable diet (MAD) at 53% with consumption of iron rich foods at 29%. Stunting prevalence was 28%. The MAD had a significant (p = 0.021) association with height-for-age Z-score of a child and was found to be the stunting's predictor. The child's sex, consumption of animal sourced foods, child underweight status and income type were revealed as other stunting risk factors. A holistic approach that promotes infant and young child feeding practices and complementary feeding in particular can contribute to the alleviation of the stunting burden in Rwanda. Further, other associated factors that influence child nutrition status should be taken into consideration by the policy decision makers and development partners when developing food and nutrition sensitive programs and interventions.