RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the institutional volume of abdominoperineal resections (APR) on the short-term outcomes and costs in the Brazilian Public Health system. METHODS: This population-based study evaluated the number of APRs by institutions performed in the Brazilian Public Health system from January/2010 to July/2022. Data were extracted from a public domain from the Brazilian Public Health system. RESULTS: Four hundred and twelve hospitals performed APRs and were included. Only 23 performed at least 5 APRs per year on average and were considered high-volume institutions. The linear regression model showed that the number of hospital admissions for APRs was negatively associated with in-hospital mortality (Coef. = - 0.001; p = 0.013) and length of stay in the intensive care unit (Coef. = - 0.006; p = 0.01). The number of hospital admissions was not significantly associated with personnel, hospital, and total costs. The in-hospital mortality in high-volume institutions was significantly lower than in low-volume institutions (2.5 vs. 5.9%; p: < 0.001). The mean length of stay in the intensive care unit was shorter in high-volume institutions (1.23 vs. 1.79 days; p = 0.021). In high-volume institutions, the personnel (R$ 952.23 [US$ 186.64] vs. R$ 11,129.04 [US$ 221.29]; p = 0.305), hospital (R$ 4078.39 [US$ 799.36] vs. R$ 4987.39 [US$ 977.53]; p = 0.111), and total costs (R$ 5030.63 [US$ 986.00] vs. R$ 6116.71 [US$ 1198.88]; p = 0.226) were lower. CONCLUSIONS: Higher institutional APR volume is associated with lower in-hospital mortality and less demand for intensive care. The findings of this nationwide study may affect how Public Health manages APR care.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Anal cancer is an uncommon malignancy, however, its incidence has been increasing worldwide, including among older adults. The care of older patients with anal cancer requires a multidisciplinary and comprehensive team approach to ensure improved outcomes and maintenance of quality of life, and the geriatric assessment should be a key component in the evaluation of every older patient with anal cancer. Despite older adults representing a large proportion of patients with anal cancer, they were underrepresented in trials that defined currently accepted standard therapies, including definitive chemoradiotherapy. Nonetheless, data from retrospective studies suggest that fit older patients with anal cancer should receive standard treatment similarly to their younger counterparts. This review describes the current knowledge regarding the management of anal cancer in older adults, including geriatric assessment, localized, recurrent/persistent, and metastatic disease.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Diffuse cavernous hemangioma (DCH) is a rare benign vascular lesion. The rectosigmoid colon is the most common site of this disease. It affects mainly young adults. The most frequent symptom is chronic rectal bleeding which is painless, often begins in the infancy and sometimes is uncontrollable. Endoscopy is the diagnose method of choice and complete surgical excision with sphincter-saving procedure is the primary mode of treatment. A high index of suspicion and a correct diagnose is necessary. We present a 34-year-old male with a DCH of the rectum and anus who required an APR because of affection of dentate line.

El hemangioma cavernoso difuso (HCD) es un tumor vascular benigno raro. Su localización más habitual es el rectosigma. Se presenta en adultos jóvenes como rectorragia indolora y recurrente, que suele aparecer en la infancia y puede llegar a ser incontrolable. La endoscopia digestiva es el método diagnostico de elección. El único tratamiento eficaz consiste en la resección completa siendo deseable la realización de una técnica con conservación esfinteriana. Un alto índice de sospecha y un correcto diagnóstico son necesarios. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 34 años con un HCD del anorecto que requirió una resección abdominoperineal.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Abstract Introduction The incidence of stomal prolapse ranges from 2% to 22%. The risk factors include colostomy, the short length of the stoma, obesity, emergency surgery, and the improper (or even absence of) marking of the preoperative site for the stoma. Complicated stomal prolapse associated with severe mucosal irritation, ischemic changes, or bleeding requires surgical intervention. Objective To describe the use of the Altemeier technique in the management of cases of complicated prolapsed stoma after failure of the local medical measures and manual reduction. Methods Case series of three patients with past history of abdominoperineal resection of rectal cancer and permanent end colostomy presented with irreducible prolapse of the stoma. After the failure of the local measures and manual reduction, urgent surgical intervention using the modified Altemeier technique was necessary. Results The modified Altemeier technique is simple, presents low risk of operative and postoperative complications, besides enabling an early recovery, with a lower risk of recurrence during the first 6 months after the repair. Conclusion Themodified Altemeier technique may be a valid therapeutic modality in the setting of complicated prolapsed stoma.

Resumo Introdução A incidência de prolapso de estoma varia de 2 a 22%. Os fatores de risco incluem colostomia, comprimento curto do estoma, obesidade, cirurgias de emergência, e marcação não adequada (ou atémesmo ausente) do sítio pré-operatório para o estoma. Prolapso de estoma complicado e associado a irritação grave de mucosa, alterações isquêmicas, ou sangramento requer intervenção cirúrgica. Objetivo Descrever o uso da técnica de Altemeier para o manejo de prolapso de estoma complicado após fracasso das medidas médicas locais e da redução manual. Métodos Série de casos de três pacientes com histórico de ressecção abdominoperineal de câncer retal e colostomia terminal permanente apresentaram prolapso irredutível do estoma. Com o fracasso das medidas locais e da redução manual, fezse necessária intervenção cirúrgica de emergência usando a técnica de Altemeier modificada. Resultados A técnica de Altemeier modificada é simples e apresenta risco baixo de complicações operatórias e pós-operatórias, além de possibilitar uma recuperação precoce, com menor risco de recorrência durante os 6 primeiros meses após o reparo. Conclusão A técnica de Altemeier modificada pode ser uma modalidade terapêutica válida em casos de prolapso de estoma complicado.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT Background: Abdominoperineal excision of the rectum (APR) remains the only potential curative treatment for very low rectal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the anus. Yet, it implies a significant perineal exenteration and has set the attention on the perineal reconstruction. Aim: To present technique used in one case of APR for anal cancer, with resection of the vaginal posterior wall with large perineal defect which has called for the necessity of a flap for reconstruction Method: To cover the large perineal defect and reconstruct the posterior vaginal wall was perform a standardized and reproducible surgical technique using oblique rectus abdominis myocutaneous (ORAM) flap. The overlying skin of this flap is thick and well vascularized by both superficial branches and perforators of the superior epigastric artery and the deep inferior epigastric artery which serves as the vascular pedicle for the ORAM flap. Results: This procedure was applied in a 65-year-old woman with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the anus infiltrating the posterior wall of the vagina. Was performed an APR with en-bloc resection of the vaginal posterior wall in order to achieve tumor-free margins. Postoperative course was uneventful and she was discharged home at postoperative day 9. Final pathological report confirmed the oncological adequacy of the procedure (R0) and showed a rypT4N0 lesion. Conclusion: Flap reconstruction is an effective way to cover the perineal wound reducing both perineal complication rate and wound healing delay. The ORAM is particularly interesting for female whose tumors require resection and subsequent reconstruction of the posterior wall of the vagina.

RESUMO Racional: A amputação abdominoperineal do reto (APR) continua sendo o único tratamento curativo nos casos de adenocarcinoma retal muito baixo e carcinoma espinocelular do ânus. No entanto, implica em exenteração perineal significativa e exige atenção na reconstrução perineal. Objetivo: Propor, ilustrando com um caso clinico, proposta de APR para câncer anal com ressecção da parede posterior da vagina com cobertura do grande defeito perineal através de reconstrução com retalho miocutâneo oblíquo do reto abdominal (ORAM). Método: Para cobrir o defeito e reconstruir a parede vaginal posterior, realizou-se técnica de retalho miocutâneo oblíquo do reto abdominal (ORAM). A pele subjacente desse retalho por ser espessa e bem vascularizada por ramos perforantes superficiais da artéria epigástrica superior e pela artéria epigástrica inferior profunda serviu como pedículo vascular. Resultado: Este procedimento foi aplicado em uma mulher de 65 anos com recidiva de carcinoma espinocelular do ânus infiltrado na parede posterior da vagina. Foi realizada APR com ressecção em bloco da parede posterior vaginal com o objetivo de obter margens livres de tumor. O pós-operatório transcorreu sem intercorrências e a paciente recebeu alta hospitalar no 9° dia pós-operatório. O relatório patológico final confirmou a adequação oncológica do procedimento (R0) e mostrou uma lesão rypT4N0 de 6,5 cm. Conclusão: A reconstrução perineal com utilização de retalho é maneira eficaz de fechar a ferida operatória, reduzindo a taxa de complicações perineais e o atraso na cicatrização. O retalho de tipo ORAM é particularmente interessante para mulheres cujos tumores requerem ressecção e subsequente reconstrução da parede posterior da vagina.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Resumen Introducción: La resección abdominoperineal (RAP) era el tratamiento estándar del cáncer de recto medio o bajo quedando el paciente sin ano y con una ostomía permanente. En los últimos 20 años el desarrollo de nuevas técnicas quirúrgicas, con adecuados resultados quirúrgicos y oncológicos, han permitido ofrecer al paciente la preservación del aparato esfinteriano, sin embargo, éstas pueden presentar problemas de tipo funcional lo que podría derivar en una alteración de la calidad de vida del paciente. Objetivo: Comparar la alteración en la calidad de vida en pacientes sometidos a RAP versus técnicas con preservación de esfínter anal en pacientes operados por cáncer de recto. Materiales y Método: Estudio de cohorte transversal con pacientes operados por cáncer de recto medio-bajo en nuestro hospital entre los años 2009 a 2015. Se utiliza el instrumento EuroQuol-5D2,3 validado en español chileno. Resultados: Se incluyen 39 pacientes, 11 corresponden a colostomía definitiva y 28 a preservación de esfínter. En el análisis por dominios se observaron diferencias significativas en el grupo con ostomía definitiva en el ítem de actividades habituales y a favor de la preservación de esfínter en el ítem sexualidad. Conclusiones: La técnica quirúrgica utilizada en pacientes con cáncer rectal medio-bajo altera la calidad de vida, razón por la cual debe ser adecuadamente seleccionada y además advertir al paciente de las consecuencias que dicha cirugía puede ocasionar.

Introduction: The abdominoperineal resection (APR) was the standard treatment of middle-low rectal cancer, in the last 20 years the development of sparing techniques with sphincter preservation with adequate surgical and oncological results has allowed to offer the patient the sphincter apparatus preservation, avoiding the definitive colostomy, however, these techniques may present secondary incontinence to the loss of the rectum. Both surgical options can affect the quality of life of the patient and this element should be considered. Objective: To compare the change in quality of life of patients undergoing APR vs sphincter preserving techniques in patients operated for rectal cancer. Materials and Method: Cross-sectional cohort study with medium-low rectal cancer patients, operated in our hospital from 2009 to 2015. The instrument EuroQuol-5D2, validated in chilean spanish is used. Results: 39 patients were included (11 definitive colostomy and 28 sphincter preservation). In the analysis by domains, significant differences were observed favor to definitive colostomy in the Item of "Habitual Activities" and favor to sphincter preservation in the Item "Sexuality". Conclusions: In patients with middle-low rectal cancer, the choice of surgical technique have a measurable impact on the patient's quality of life.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Patients with cancer of the lower and middle rectum who are candidates for curative surgery often have negative opinions on definitive colostomy. The purpose of this study is to compare the quality of life (QoL) of patients who undergo standard treatment for rectal cancer with sphincter preservation or definitive colostomy. METHODS: A total of 125 patients with adenocarcinoma of the lower or middle rectum who underwent radical surgery with curative intent with a follow-up ≥ 1 year were recruited: 83 patients (group 1) were subjected to low anterior resection and low colorectal or coloanal anastomosis-thus preserving their sphincter-and 42 (group 2) were treated with abdominoperineal resection, followed by terminal definitive colostomy. QoL was assessed with the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-CR29 questionnaires. RESULTS: Health and global quality of life were similar between groups; however, patients who underwent definitive colostomy had higher scores on the emotional (p value = 0.016) and cognitive function scales (p value = 0.017). Patients with sphincter preservation presented with more symptoms that were related to stool frequency (p value < 0.001), intestinal constipation (p value = 0.005), fecal incontinence (p value = 0.001), buttock pain (p value = 0.023), and nausea and vomiting (p value = 0.036), whereas patients with permanent colostomy had higher scores for dysuria (p value = 0.033). CONCLUSION: Although global QoL scores did not differ between groups, patients who underwent definitive colostomy had significantly better functional and symptom scale scores, reflecting greater function with fewer symptoms.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Introducción: la principal regla en el manejo del cáncer del recto es la cura oncológica y el mantenimiento de la calidad de vida. El advenimiento de la cirugía laparoscópica ha tenido un impacto en la cirugía gastrointestinal en los últimos 20 años. Tres décadas después de su original descripción por Heald, la escisión total del mesorrecto se ha convertido en la regla de oro para la resección curativa del cáncer del recto. Objetivos: revisar las diferentes opciones técnicas de las que se dispone en la actualidad para el tratamiento laparoscópico del cáncer del recto, mediante la descripción de sus resultados, ventajas y desventajas. Métodos: se realizó una revisión en las bases de datos bibliográficas accesibles por Infomed, que incluyó artículos que trataran el tema en español e inglés, mediante los descriptores de DeCS y MeSH. Resultados: el cáncer del último tercio del recto plantea un cambio significativo para el cirujano. La resección abdominoperineal ha sido considerada como la regla de oro para el tratamiento de los adenocarcinomas situados en el tercio medio y bajo del recto. Sin embargo, con el incremento del conocimiento de la enfermedad, el desarrollo de las técnicas quirúrgicas, la mejor instrumentación, y el uso de la radioquimioterapia preoperatoria, se ha llegado a un cambio en el tratamiento del cáncer de recto que va de la resección abdominoperineal con colostomía permanente a la cirugía preservadora del esfínter mediante las técnicas mínimamente invasivas. Conclusiones: la cirugía conservadora de esfínteres para el cáncer del recto mediante las técnicas mínimamente invasivas es posible en la mayoría de los pacientes con unos resultados a largo plazo iguales a los de la resección abdominoperineal(AU)

Introduction: the main rule for the management of rectal cancer is oncologic cure and the maintenance of quality of life. The advent of laparoscopic surgery has had an impact on gastrointestinal surgery over the last 20 years. Three decades following its original description by Heald, total mesorectal excision has become the gold standard for the curative resection of rectal cancer. Objectives: To review the different technical options currently available for the laparoscopic treatment of rectal cancer, by describing their outcomes, advantages and disadvantages. Methods: A review was performed in the bibliographical databases accessible from Infomed, including articles on the topic written in Spanish and English, using DeCS and MeSH descriptors. Results: Cancer of the lower third of the rectum signifies a fundamental change for the surgeon. Abdominoperineal resection has been considered as the gold standard for the treatment of adenocarcinomas located in the middle and lower rectum. However, with increased knowledge of the disease, the development of surgical techniques, better instrumentation, and the use of preoperative radiochemotherapy, a change has been achieved in treating rectal cancer, which goes from abdominoperineal resection with permanent colostomy to conservative surgery of the sphincter using minimal invasive techniques. Conclusions: The conservative surgery of the sphincters for rectal cancer by minimal invasive techniques is possible to be performed in most patients, with long-term results similar to those of the abdominoperineal resection(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Introducción: la principal regla en el manejo del cáncer del recto es la cura oncológica y el mantenimiento de la calidad de vida. El advenimiento de la cirugía laparoscópica ha tenido un impacto en la cirugía gastrointestinal en los últimos 20 años. Tres décadas después de su original descripción por Heald, la escisión total del mesorrecto se ha convertido en la regla de oro para la resección curativa del cáncer del recto. Objetivos: revisar las diferentes opciones técnicas de las que se dispone en la actualidad para el tratamiento laparoscópico del cáncer del recto, mediante la descripción de sus resultados, ventajas y desventajas. Métodos: se realizó una revisión en las bases de datos bibliográficas accesibles por Infomed, que incluyó artículos que trataran el tema en español e inglés, mediante los descriptores de DeCS y MeSH. Resultados: el cáncer del último tercio del recto plantea un cambio significativo para el cirujano. La resección abdominoperineal ha sido considerada como la regla de oro para el tratamiento de los adenocarcinomas situados en el tercio medio y bajo del recto. Sin embargo, con el incremento del conocimiento de la enfermedad, el desarrollo de las técnicas quirúrgicas, la mejor instrumentación, y el uso de la radioquimioterapia preoperatoria, se ha llegado a un cambio en el tratamiento del cáncer de recto que va de la resección abdominoperineal con colostomía permanente a la cirugía preservadora del esfínter mediante las técnicas mínimamente invasivas. Conclusiones: la cirugía conservadora de esfínteres para el cáncer del recto mediante las técnicas mínimamente invasivas es posible en la mayoría de los pacientes con unos resultados a largo plazo iguales a los de la resección abdominoperineal(AU)

Introduction: the main rule for the management of rectal cancer is oncologic cure and the maintenance of quality of life. The advent of laparoscopic surgery has had an impact on gastrointestinal surgery over the last 20 years. Three decades following its original description by Heald, total mesorectal excision has become the gold standard for the curative resection of rectal cancer. Objectives: To review the different technical options currently available for the laparoscopic treatment of rectal cancer, by describing their outcomes, advantages and disadvantages. Methods: A review was performed in the bibliographical databases accessible from Infomed, including articles on the topic written in Spanish and English, using DeCS and MeSH descriptors. Results: Cancer of the lower third of the rectum signifies a fundamental change for the surgeon. Abdominoperineal resection has been considered as the gold standard for the treatment of adenocarcinomas located in the middle and lower rectum. However, with increased knowledge of the disease, the development of surgical techniques, better instrumentation, and the use of preoperative radiochemotherapy, a change has been achieved in treating rectal cancer, which goes from abdominoperineal resection with permanent colostomy to conservative surgery of the sphincter using minimal invasive techniques. Conclusions: The conservative surgery of the sphincters for rectal cancer by minimal invasive techniques is possible to be performed in most patients, with long-term results similar to those of the abdominoperineal resection(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

El colgajo del recto abdominal miocutáneo vertical, es un excelente colgajo que rellena el gran defecto en la pelvis luego de una resección abdominoperineal isquioanal, siendo libre de tensión y reduciendo significativamente la incidencia de complicaciones de la herida perineal y la estancia hospitalaria, con el cual se puede reconstruir la pared posterior de la vagina. Se reporta aquí el primer caso en Costa Rica de una resección abdominoperineal isquioanal, con reconstrucción de pared posterior de vagina con colgajo del recto abdominal miocutáneo vertical, practicada con éxito en una paciente de 62 años, con un adenocarcinoma rectal localmente avanzado con infiltración de pared posterior de vagina.

Vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap, is an excellent flap that fills the large defect in the pelvis after an adominoperineal ischioanal resection; it is free from tension, significantly reduces the incidence of perineal wound complications and hospital stay and can be used to reconstruct the posterior wall of the vagina. We report the first case of Costa Rica abdominoperineal ischioanal resection with reconstruction of posterior vaginal wall with vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap, successfully practiced in a patient of 62 years with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma infiltrating posterior wall of the vagina.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Background: Buschke-Lowenstein tumor is a benign skin lesion secondary to human papilloma virus infection. It usually appears as an exophytic anogenital mass and may progress to a squamous cell carcinoma. It can be treated with chemo, radio or immunotherapy and occasionally it requires radical surgery. Case report: We report a 53 years old male with a perianal lesion lasting 15 years that was treated with chemo-radiotherapy that relapsed with malignant transformation. Since the pathological study showed a squamous cell carcinoma, a rectal abdominoperineal resection was planned. The defect that left the surgical procedure was covered with musculocutaneous flaps from gracilis muscle of the thigh.

Introducción: El tumor de Buschke-Lõwenstein es una lesión cutánea benigna, secundaria a la infección por virus papiloma humano, usualmente se presenta como una gran masa exofítica genitoanal y tiene riesgo de evolucionar a carcinoma espinocelular. Dentro de su tratamiento existen varias alternativas, desde menos agresivas como quimio-radioterapia e inmunoterapia, que suelen tener alta tasa de recidiva, hasta la cirugía radical. Caso clínico: Presentamos el caso de un paciente masculino, con una lesión perianal de 15 años de evolución, inicialmente se sometió a terapias locales conservadoras y quimiorradioterapia y posteriormente recidivó con transformación maligna. Habiéndose confirmado histológicamente la presencia de carcinoma espinocelular, debió abordarse mediante una resección abdominoperineal rectal. Dicha cirugía determinó un gran defecto de cobertura perianal y perineal que fue reparado mediante colgajos músculo-cutáneos de gracilis y fasciocutáneos de muslo. Discusión: Si bien se han descrito algunos métodos de resección local, sólo la cirugía radical permite su eliminación completa disminuyendo el riesgo de recurrencia. Ello genera un defecto perianal de difícil manejo, para el cual existen varias opciones reconstructivas: injertos, colgajos locales y regionales, y, con menor frecuencia, colgajos libres. Se debe considerar que en aquellos defectos de gran tamaño, con gran pérdida de tejido, las opciones de reconstrucción del defecto con volumen y cobertura cutánea adecuada son limitadas. Presentamos nuestra experiencia con algunas de estas técnicas, entre las que destaca el colgajo de músculo gracilis, con los múltiples beneficios que posee.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Introducción: la amputación abdominoperineal (AAP) fue durante muchas años el tratamiento de elección para los tumores de recto bajo y especialmente aquellos con compromiso del aparato esfinteriano. Algunas modificaciones a la técnica original, sugieren el aumento de la radicalidad a través de una resección cilíndrica (amputación abdominoperineal extraelevador). Esta estrategia permite ampliar los márgenes de resección circunferencial, con menor posibilidad de perforación o apertura tumoral, permitiendo así una menor recidiva local y mejores resultados oncológicos. El siguiente trabajo tiene por objetivo exponer los aspectos técnicos más relevantes y los resultados de la experiencia inicial con esta variante técnica. Diseño: Serie de casos. Pacientes y métodos: se analizaron todos los pacientes sometidos a una amputación abdominoperineal extraelevador (AAPE) intervenidos en el Sanatorio Güemes, en el período comprendido desde mayo 2011 hasta septiembre del 2013. Fueron analizadas variables: demográficas, índice ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologist), índice de masa corporal (IMC), distancia del tumoral margen anal, tipo de cirugía, estadía hospitalaria y la morbilidad perioperatoria. Resultados: se incluyeron 5 pacientes, 4 de ellos pertenecían al sexo masculino. La media de edad fue de 61 años mientras que para el IMC fue de 29,8. Solamente en 1 paciente se realizó el abordaje laparoscópico. El tiempo operatorio medio fue de 266 minutos. La estadía hospitalaria en promedio fue de 8,6 días. Se registraron las siguientes complicaciones: dehiscencia parcial de colgajo cutáneo en 2 pacientes, fistula uretral (1 paciente) y eventración de la incisión mediana (1 paciente). El seguimiento medio de la serie fue de1 5 (8-24) meses. No hubo mortalidad en la serie. Un paciente presento una recidiva local...

Background: abdominoperineal resection (APR) has been, for many years, the treatment of choice for low rectal tumors, or those with sphincter involvement. In recent years, technical modifications (extralevator abdominoperineal resection) were performed, increasing the radicality of the original surgery. Thus oncologic outcomes were improved, with a decrease in the values of tumor perforation, circumferential resection margins involvement and a consequent lower local recurrence rates. This paper attempts to show the initial experience in this type of procedure. Design: Case series. Patients and methods: all patients who underwent extralevator abdominoperineal resection (EAPR) in the Sanatorio Güemes in the period from May 2011 to September 2013 were included. The variables analyzed were: demographic, ASA index (American Society of Anesthesiologist), body mass index (BMI), tumor distance from the anal verge, type of surgery, hospital stay, and intraoperative and postoperative complications. Results: five extralevator abdominoperineal resection were performed in 4 males. The mean age was 61 years and the mean BMI was 29.8. Only 1 laparoscopic approach was performed. The mean operative time was 266 min. The hospital stay was 8.6 days. The postoperative complications were: partial flap dehiscence (2 patients), urethral fistula (1 patient) and median incision hernia (1 patient). The median follow-up was 15 (8-24) months. Only one patient had a local recurrence...

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: laparoscopic rectal surgery has not yet achieved a high penetration rate because of its steep learning curve and its relatively high conversion rate. Robotic rectal resection represents the main indication of the use of the robotic platform in colorectal surgery. The aim of this study was to present an early experience with robotic surgery to treat mid and low rectal cancer focusing on the technique and early postoperative outcomes. METHODS: from December 2012 to October 2013, a total of 16 patients with colorectal diseases were operated on using a four-arm single docking full robotic procedure (daVinci Si Surgical System). The treatment of six consecutive patients who underwent robotic rectal cancer surgery for mid or low rectal adenocarcinoma was prospectively analyzed regarding technique standardization, pathological findings and postoperative outcomes. RESULTS: there were no conversions and one intraoperative complication. The mean operative time was 245 min (180-360 min). The mean console time was 170 min (110-240 min). All patients underwent a standardized totally robotic rectal dissection. There were no mortality or urinary dysfunction and one complication (postoperative ileo-16%). The median length of hospital stay was 6 (4-11 days). The median number of lymph nodes harvested was 22 (7-38), and distal and circumferential resection margins were negative in all specimen. R0 resection was achieved in all cases and complete total mesorectal excision in five specimen and nearly complete in one. CONCLUSION: standardized robotic rectal surgery is a promising alternative to treat patients with mid or low rectal cancer and is expected to overcome the low penetration rate of laparoscopic surgery in this field. This technique was successfully performed in six patients with excellent immediate postoperative and pathological results. Additional studies in a large series of patients are necessary to confirm those advantages. (AU)

INTRODUÇÃO: a utilização da cirurgia videolaparoscópica para o tratamento do câncer do reto ainda não apresentou uma alta penetração devido a longa curva de aprendizado e a uma taxa de conversão relativamente alta. A ressecção retal robótica é a principal indicação para o uso da plataforma robótica na cirurgia colorretal. O objetivo desse estudo é apresentar as técnicas e os resultados pós-operatórios imediatos com o uso da cirurgia robótica para o tratamento do câncer do reto distal. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: no período de dezembro de 2012 a outubro de 2013 foram operados 16 pacientes com patologias colorretais utilizando o robô daVinci SI Surgical System. O tratamento de 6 consecutivos pacientes portadores de câncer do reto do terço médio e do terço inferior foram prospectivamente avaliados quanto a sistematização técnica, achados patológicos e evolução pós-operatória. RESULTADOS: não houve conversão e ocorreu uma complicação intraoperatória. A duração média das operações foi de 245 minutos (180-360 minutos) e o tempo médio do uso do console foi de 170 minutos (110-240 minutos). Ocorreu uma complicação pós-operatória (Íleo) e não houveram nenhuma disfunção urinária ou mortalidade. A duração média da internação hospitalar foi de 6 dias (4-11 dias). O número médio de linfonodos examinados foi de 22 (7-38) e todas as peças tinham margens distal e circunferencial negativas. Ressecção RO foi observada em todos os casos e o grau de excisão total do mesorreto foi completo em 5 peças e quase completo em uma. CONCLUSÃO: cirurgia robótica sistematizada esta tendo uma crescente aceitação e é uma ótima alternativa para o tratamento dos pacientes com câncer do reto distal. Esta tecnologia foi utilizada em 6 pacientes com excelentes resultados não só na recuperação pós-operatória imediata como também nos achados da avaliação patológica. Grandes series randomizadas são importantes para confirmar as possíveis vantagens dessa nova tecnologia. (AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Issues related to body image and a permanent stoma after abdominoperineal resection may decrease quality of life in rectal cancer patients. However, specific problems associated with a low anastomosis may similarly affect quality of life for patients undergoing low anterior resection. The aim of this study was to compare quality of life of low rectal cancer patients after undergoing abdominoperineal resection versus low anterior resection. METHODS: Demographics, tumor and treatment characteristics, and prospectively collected preoperative quality-of-life data for patients undergoing low anterior resection or abdominoperineal resection for low rectal cancer between 1995 and 2009 were compared. Quality of life collected at specific time intervals was compared for the two groups, adjusting for age, body mass index, use of chemoradiation, and 30 days postoperative complications. The short-form-36 questionnaire was used to determine quality of life. RESULTS: The query returned 153 patients (abdominoperineal resection = 68, low anterior resection = 85) with a median follow-up of 24 (3-64) mo. The after abdominoperineal resection group had a higher mean age (63 + 12 vs. 54 + 12, p < 0.001) and more American Society of Anesthesiologists classification 3/4 patients (65 percent vs. 43 percent, p = 0.03) than low anterior resection. Other demographics, tumor stage, use of chemoradiation, overall postoperative complication rates, and quality-of-life follow-up time were not statistically different in both groups. Patients undergoing abdominoperineal resection had a lower baseline short-form-36 mental component score than those undergoing low anterior resection. However, 6 mo after surgery this difference was no longer statistically significant and essentially disappeared at 36 mo after surgery. CONCLUSION: Patients undergoing abdominoperineal resection for low rectal cancer have a similar long-term quality of life as those undergoing low anterior resection. These findings can help clinicians to better counsel patients with low rectal cancer who are being considered for abdominoperineal resection.

Asunto(s)