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Intellectual disability leads to a loss of autonomy and a high level of dependence, requiring support from another person permanently. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate the assessment of caregiver burden in healthcare actions, to avoid putting the health of caregivers and patients at risk. In this sense, the study aimed to analyze the internal structure of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) in a sample of caregivers of people with intellectual disabilities, to provide convergent and discriminant evidence with a measure of the risk of maltreatment, and to estimate the reliability of the scores from the Classical Test Theory and the Rasch Measurement Theory. The study was instrumental. The sample consisted of 287 Peruvian informal primary caregivers of persons diagnosed with intellectual disabilities. To collect validity evidence, the internal structure (confirmatory factor analysis, CFA) and the relationship with other variables (convergent and discriminant evidence) were used, while reliability was estimated through the omega coefficient and Rasch analysis. The internal structure of the ZBI corroborated a unidimensional structure. In terms of convergent and discriminant evidence, the scale presents adequate evidence. Reliability levels were also good. Previously, the psychometric properties of the ZBI have not been studied in caregivers of people with intellectual disabilities, and it represents the first study of the scale in Peru. The results obtained will allow the use of this scale to design actions in the work with caregivers and studies to understand the psychology of the caregiver.

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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine and characterize caregiver burden among caregivers of community-dwelling older persons in Jamaica. METHOD: A nationally representative cross-sectional study was done among persons providing noninstitutional care for a single person (≥60 years). The Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and a structured questionnaire were administered to 180 caregivers from four geographic health regions. RESULTS: The ZBI scores ranged from 0 to 56 (median = 15). Independently associated factors were relationship to care recipient and age. Children/grandchildren had higher caregiver burden scores than formally employed caregivers (odds ratio = 2.9: 95% confidence interval: [1.02, 8.34]). Compared with caregivers 35 to 44 years, those aged 45 to 65 were almost 5 times more likely to report higher caregiver burden scores. CONCLUSION: Caregiver burden as identified by the ZBI was low. Age (45-65 years) and being the child/grandchild of the care recipient were independently associated with greater caregiver burden. Interventions to address caregiver burden must embrace strategies that recognize that these factors.

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The Zarit Burden Interview has been the most popularly used tool for measuring caregiver burden and with the 60 years and over population in Jamaica and developing countries expected to increase, caregiver burden and its assessment assume increased importance. Establishing the reliability and underlying factor structure of instruments such as the ZBI is critical. This study sought to determine the reliability of the Zarit Burden Interview and to assess its underlying factor structure. The ZBI was administered to 180 caregivers of community dwelling older persons in Jamaica in a nationally representative sample across four geographic health regions in 2016. The factor structure was identified using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with Varimax rotation. Cronbach's alpha was used to assess internal consistency/reliability of the instrument. The internal consistency/reliability of the ZBI instrument was high (Cronbach's α = 0.859) and the corrected item-total correlations ranged from 0.134 to 0.730. The ZBI mean score was found to be 16.92 ± 12.04. EFA produced a six-factor model comprised of 19 items which explained 48.97% of total variance, and was subsequently reduced to four (37.27% of total variance) via the use of parallel analysis and scrutiny of confidence intervals. The four factors identified were 'personal strain', 'social relations disruption', 'resource strain/imbalance' and 'role intensity'. The ZBI-22 tool is a reliable instrument for evaluating caregiver burden among community dwelling older persons in Jamaica. A four factor model has emerged providing greater insights on the underlying constructs of the ZBI, the most widely used caregiver burden assessment tool.

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Resumo O objetivo foi avaliar fatores que influenciam na sobrecarga dos cuidadores informais de pacientes neurológicos cadeirantes adultos. Foram entrevistados 16 cuidadores informais de pacientes neurológicos cadeirantes adultos, utilizando para avaliar sua sobrecarga a escala Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) e coletados os dados de cuidar e sociodemográficos dos cuidadores, os dados socioeconômicos e o grau de independência funcional dos pacientes neurológicos cadeirantes adultos. Para análise dos dados foram utilizados os testes T-students, ANOVA Unifatorial com método de Tukey e Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson. Resultados foram associados, menor grau de escolaridade do cuidador (p-valor = 0,01) e menor nível de informação da patologia acometida (p-valor = 0,01), com maiores sobrecargas. O suporte terapêutico e social dado pelas instituições de apoio, como a Clínica/Escola de Fisioterapia da CEUNSP, demonstrou ser importante para auxiliar os cuidadores a enfrentar situações de forma mais tranquila. O conhecimento de fatores que podem influenciar a sobrecarga dos cuidadores é importante para o planejamento e a intervenção desse público específico.

Abstract The scope of this study was to evaluate factors that influence the burden of adult wheelchair-bound patients with neurological alterations on informal caregivers. Sixteen informal caregivers of adult wheelchair-bound patients with neurological alterations were evaluated, using the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) scale to evaluate the burden on caregivers, as well as gather data on the care and socio-demographic profile of the caregivers, on the socio-economic data and the degree of functional independence of adult wheelchair-bound patients with neurological alterations. Student’s t-test, the one-way ANOVA with Tukey method and Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient were used for data analysis. The results associated lower education level of the caregiver (p = 0.01) and lower level of information of the affected pathology (p-value = 0.01) to a heavier burden on the caregiver. The therapeutic and social support provided by the support institutions, such as the Physiotherapy Clinic/School of CEUNSP, was revealed as being important to help caregivers to handle situations in an easier manner. Understanding the factors that influence the burden on the caregiver is important for planning and intervention for this specific population group.

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Background Studies have shown that overburden with care of psychotic patients is associated with a significant reduction of quality of life and causes harm to the caregiver’s health. Objective In order to compare factors associated with levels of burden of caregivers with the psychopathology of the patient, we conducted a cross-sectional study with 435 primary caregivers of patients of Centers for Psychosocial Care (CAPS) from Pelotas, RS. Methods The patients were identified through medical records and their caregivers were interviewed in their homes. To evaluate the burden we used Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). Results Caregivers of dependent users of alcohol and drugs had the highest average of burden, 52.2 points (sd = 20.4), followed by the caregivers of patients with suicide risk, 48.5 points (sd = 0.7). In adjusted analysis, women had 8.2 (95% CI: 4.6, 11.8) points higher on average than men in ZBI scale. Caregivers with less education had 1.6 (95% CI: -3.1, -1.0) points lower on average of burden compared to those with higher educational level. Caregivers with some health problem had 6.7 (95% CI: 3.3, 10.0) points higher in the middle of the ZBI when compared to those without disease. Discussion Several factors overload clearly indicate the need to develop interventions such as psychoeducation which may give some support to the family responsible for care.

Contexto Estudos têm mostrado que a sobrecarga gerada no cuidado de pacientes psicóticos está associada com uma redução importante na qualidade de vida, trazendo danos à saúde do cuidador. Objetivo Com objetivo de verificar fatores associados e comparar níveis de sobrecarga de cuidadores com a psicopatologia do paciente, foi realizado um estudo transversal com 435 cuidadores principais de usuários de Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) da cidade de Pelotas, RS. Métodos Os usuários foram identificados por meio de prontuários e seus familiares foram entrevistados posteriormente em suas residências. Para avaliar a sobrecarga, foi utilizada a Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). Resultados Cuidadores de usuários dependentes de álcool e drogas apresentaram as médias mais altas de sobrecarga, 52,2 pontos (dp = 20,4), seguidos dos cuidadores com risco de suicídio, 48,5 pontos (dp = 0,7). Na análise ajustada, mulheres tiveram 8,2 (IC 95%: 4,6, 11,8) pontos a mais na média do ZBI do que os homens. Cuidadores com menor escolaridade apresentaram 1,6 (IC 95%: -3,1, -1,0) pontos a menos na média de sobrecarga comparados aos com maior grau de instrução. Cuidadores com algum problema de saúde tiveram 6,7 (IC 95%: 3,3, 10,0) pontos a mais na média do ZBI comparado àqueles sem nenhuma doença. Conclusões Vários fatores de sobrecarga indicam claramente a necessidade de se desenvolverem intervenções, como a psicoeducação, que possam dar algum tipo de apoio ao familiar responsável pelo cuidado.

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