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El síndrome de Wells o celulitis eosinofílica es una enfermedad inflamatoria de origen desconocido, de aparición infrecuente en la edad pediátrica. Suele manifestarse clínicamente como placas eritematoedematosas, nódulos, pápulas, ampollas, entre otros. Se presenta una paciente en edad pediátrica con nódulos subcutáneos asintomáticos generalizados asociados a eosinofilia grave. El estudio histopatológico de las lesiones fue compatible con celulitis de Wells. Se realizó una evaluación interdisciplinaria en busca de la causa y trastornos eosinofílicos asociados, sin resultados positivos. Se indicó tratamiento sistémico con corticoides y presentó buena respuesta, pero, ante la recidiva de las lesiones tras su suspensión, se indicó dapsona como tratamiento de segunda línea, con mejoría posterior de las lesiones y de la eosinofilia. El objetivo del reporte es presentar una paciente con una manifestación atípica de síndrome de Wells y su desafío terapéutico.

Wells' syndrome, or eosinophilic cellulitis, is an inflammatory disease of unknown origin, uncommon in the pediatric age. It usually appears clinically as erythematous and edematous plaques, nodules, papules, blisters, among other symptoms. Here we describe the case of a female pediatric patient with generalized, asymptomatic subcutaneous nodules associated with severe eosinophilia. The histopathological examination of the lesions was compatible with Wells' syndrome. An interdisciplinary evaluation was performed to establish the cause and look for associated eosinophilic disorders; the results were negative. Systemic corticosteroids were indicated and the patient had a good response; however, in view of the recurrence of the lesions after treatment discontinuation, dapsone was indicated as a second-line treatment, with subsequent improvement of the lesions and eosinophilia. The aim of this report was to describe the case of a female patient with an atypical manifestation of Wells' syndrome and the resulting therapeutic challenge.

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El síndrome de Wells es una afección dérmica que presenta un gran polimorfismo clínico. Es una patología autolimitada, recurrente y su origen es incierto. Reportamos el caso de una paciente de 29 años, procedente del área Central de Paraguay, comerciante, sin patología de base que consultó por edema de manos y piel. El tratamiento indicado fue corticoide vía oral y desparasitación con buena evolución y sin recidivas.

Wells syndrome is a dermal condition with a high clinical polymorphism. It is a self-limited, recurrent pathology and its origin is uncertain. We report the case of a 29-year-old female patient from the central area of Paraguay, a shopkeeper, with no underlying pathology, who consulted for hand and skin edema. The indicated treatment was oral corticosteroid and deworming with good evolution and no recurrences.

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Wells' syndrome, or eosinophilic cellulitis, is an inflammatory disease of unknown origin, uncommon in the pediatric age. It usually appears clinically as erythematous and edematous plaques, nodules, papules, blisters, among other symptoms. Here we describe the case of a female pediatric patient with generalized, asymptomatic subcutaneous nodules associated with severe eosinophilia. The histopathological examination of the lesions was compatible with Wells' syndrome. An interdisciplinary evaluation was performed to establish the cause and look for associated eosinophilic disorders; the results were negative. Systemic corticosteroids were indicated and the patient had a good response; however, in view of the recurrence of the lesions after treatment discontinuation, dapsone was indicated as a second-line treatment, with subsequent improvement of the lesions and eosinophilia. The aim of this report was to describe the case of a female patient with an atypical manifestation of Wells' syndrome and the resulting therapeutic challenge.

El síndrome de Wells o celulitis eosinofílica es una enfermedad inflamatoria de origen desconocido, de aparición infrecuente en la edad pediátrica. Suele manifestarse clínicamente como placas eritematoedematosas, nódulos, pápulas, ampollas, entre otros. Se presenta una paciente en edad pediátrica con nódulos subcutáneos asintomáticos generalizados asociados a eosinofilia grave. El estudio histopatológico de las lesiones fue compatible con celulitis de Wells. Se realizó una evaluación interdisciplinaria en busca de la causa y trastornos eosinofílicos asociados, sin resultados positivos. Se indicó tratamiento sistémico con corticoides y presentó buena respuesta, pero, ante la recidiva de las lesiones tras su suspensión, se indicó dapsona como tratamiento de segunda línea, con mejoría posterior de las lesiones y de la eosinofilia. El objetivo del reporte es presentar una paciente con una manifestación atípica de síndrome de Wells y su desafío terapéutico.

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Study design: Technical note. Purpose: To provide a technical description of the placement of Gardner-Wells tongs and the performance of awake cranio-cervical traction to reduce AO type C injuries of the sub-axial cervical spine with Gardner-Wells tongs. Methods: In this technical note, the authors present the indications, the contraindications, the pull-out of the pins, a detailed description of the technique for its proper placement, traction reduction technique, reduction maneuvers, complications and post-reduction care. Results: Awake reduction of AO type C injuries of the sub-axial cervical spine can be successfully performed using Gardner-Wells tongs. Conclusions: There is sufficient evidence to recommend the use of cranio-cervical traction in these vertebral injuries; however, we lack a detailed technical note to guide its proper placement.

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In this work, we present a theoretical study on the use of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 quantum wells in Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cells to enhance device efficiency. The role of different well thickness, number, and S/(S + Se) composition values is evaluated. The physical mechanisms governing the optoelectronic parameters are analyzed. The behavior of solar cells based on Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 without quantum wells is also considered for comparison. Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 quantum wells with a thickness lower than 50 nm present the formation of discretized eigenstates which play a fundamental role in absorption and recombination processes. Results show that well thickness plays a more important role than well number. We found that the use of wells with thicknesses higher than 20 nm allow for better efficiencies than those obtained for a device without nanostructures. A record efficiency of 37.5% is achieved when 36 wells with a width of 50 nm are used, considering an S/(S + Se) well compositional ratio of 0.25.

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The aim of the study is to control the effect of myofascial mobilization on flexibility values ​​in young men. 23 young adult men, aged between 18 and 30 years (74.8 ± 9.8 kg; 1.74 ± 0.06 cm; 24.7 ± 3.0 kg/m2), participated in the study, separated into experimental and control groups. Participants of the experimental group received an instrument assisted soft-tissue mobilization (IASTM) session, bilateral, in the muscular region of the quadriceps femoris, hamstrings and triceps surae. The rectus femoris, vastus lateralis and medial, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were mobilized for a period of 60 seconds. In the control session, participants remained at rest for a period of 15 minutes. The flexibility assessments were performed pre- and- immediately, 24 hours, and 48 hours post-sessions of both groups. The myofascial mobilization session promoted percentage increases in flexibility significantly higher at 24 hours when compared to values ​​immediately after, 24 hours and 48 hours after the control session (P < 0.05). The percentage increases in flexibility 48 hours after the myofascial mobilization session were significantly greater when compared to values ​​immediately post and 24 hours after the control session (P < 0.05). The findings of the present study suggest that an instrument assisted soft-tissue mobilization (IASTM) session promotes increases in flexibility in young adults one and two days after the intervention. (AU)

O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar o efeito da mobilização miofascial nos valores da flexibilidade em homens jovens. Participaram do estudo 23 homens adultos jovens, com idade entre 18 e 30 anos (74,8 ± 9,8 kg; 1,74 ± 0,06 cm; 24,7 ± 3,0 kg/m2), separados em grupo experimental e controle. Os participantes do grupo experimental receberam uma sessão mobilização miofascial assistida por instrumento (IASTM), bilateralmente, na região muscular do quadríceps femural, isquiotibiais e tríceps sural. Os músculos reto femural, vasto lateral e medial, bíceps femoral, semitendinoso, semimembranoso, gastrocnêmio e sóleo foram mobilizados por um período de 60 segundos. Na sessão controle, os participantes permaneceram em repouso por um período de 15 minutos. As avaliações da flexiblidade foram realizadas pré, imediatamente após, 24 horas e 48 horas após as sessões de ambos os grupos. A sessão de mobilização miofascial promoveu aumentos percentuais da flexibilidade 24 horas significativamente maiores quando comparado aos valores imediatamente pós, 24 horas e 48 horas da sessão controle (P < 0,05). Os aumentos percentuais da flexibilidade 48 horas após a sessão mobilização miofascial foram significativamente maiores quando comparado aos valores imediatamente pós e 24 horas da sessão controle (P < 0,05). Os achados do presente estudo sugerem que uma sessão de mobilização miofascial assistida por instrumento promove aumentos da flexibilidade em adultos jovens após um e dois dias à intervenção.(AU)

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The Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara (MAG) experiences water shortage and overexploitation of aquifers. In addition, it suffers from seasonal flooding that is channeled towards inadequate sanitary drainage, creating a strong negative environmental impact. These problems are rooted in the waterproofing of the urban surface. Many cities around the world have used deep injection wells to recover aquifers and remove surface waters. Certain geohydrological conditions are required for the implementation of these deep injection wells, deeper than 30 m, such as significant surface runoff, acceptable water quality for infiltration, considerable depth in the phreatic levels, and good subsoil permeability. All of these conditions exist in the MAG or could be achieved without significant investment. An assessment is presented exploring the viability for a solution based on this technology, as a strategy to recover aquifers and reduce flooding. The first step was to identify, through map algebra, a micro-basin suitable for this technology. Then, mean runoff volumes were obtained and a stratigraphic profile was carried out based on 19 standard penetration tests (SPT). With these data, a numerical simulation of deep injection wells of different dimensions was performed, providing recommendations for a solution based on these calculations. The results show that both problems can be solved with this relatively simple and cheap technology supporting public health.

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Access to water through shallow groundwater wells is a common practice in coastal settlements. This, coupled with a lack of planning for wastewater disposal promotes fecal contamination of groundwater and poses a threat to human health. Here, the spatial and temporal dynamics of groundwater fecal contamination was evaluated during summer and winter (2013 and 2014) in a coastal protected area having a high touristic relevance (Cabo Polonio, Uruguay). Fecal coliforms (FC) abundance in groundwater was significantly higher during summer, related to an influx of ~ 1000 tourists per day. A significant spatial autocorrelation was found in 2014, when the abundance of FC in a well was influenced by its three nearest wells (Moran and Geary tests). The applied statistical models (mixed models) indicated that total phosphorus and organic matter were the variables significantly explaining FC abundance. The risk for human health was estimated using groundwater-extracted DNA and qPCR of genes encoding for E. coli virulence factors (stx1, stx2, and eae). Potential Shiga toxin-producing enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic pathotypes were detected, even at FC abundances ≤ 1 CFU (100 mL-1). Moreover, we found that contaminated groundwater reached the beach, being the presence of FC in sand detected even in winter and showing its highest frequency nearby groundwater wells consistently having high FC abundance (hot spots). Altogether, the results show that fecal contamination of shallow groundwater in Cabo Polonio involves a risk for human health that intensifies during summer (associated to a significant increase of tourists). This contamination also impacts the beach, where FC can remain through the whole year.

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RESUMO A qualidade da água utilizada para consumo tem influência direta sobre a saúde e o bem-estar das pessoas, demonstrando a necessidade de criação de mecanismos de controle e acompanhamento de potenciais contaminações. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar e quantificar coliformes totais e Escherichia coli, bem como avaliar o seu perfil de sensibilidade a antimicrobianos em águas de poços artesianos da área rural de um município do noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram realizadas coletas e análises microbiológicas em amostras de 40 poços artesianos cadastrados no Sistema de Informação de Vigilância da Qualidade da Água para Consumo Humano (SISAGUA). Os resultados mostraram que 85% das amostras apresentaram resultados positivos para coliformes totais e 22,5% foram identificadas como E. coli. Dos 8 antibióticos testados, apenas amoxicilina, ampicilina e nitrofurantoína apresentaram 100% de inibição do crescimento bacteriano. Conclui-se que a maioria dos poços analisados apresentou água fora dos padrões de qualidade para consumo, sendo necessárias ações corretivas do poder público como forma de prevenção de doenças infecciosas. Além disso, deve-se buscar racionalizar o tratamento farmacológico com antibióticos, em função de indicativos de resistência bacteriana apresentada pelas cepas isoladas neste estudo.

ABSTRACT The quality of water used for consumption has a direct influence on people's health and quality of life, demonstrating the need to create mechanisms to control and monitor potentials contaminations. This study aimed to determine and quantify total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and to evaluate their antimicrobial susceptibility profile in waters from rural wells in a northwestern municipality of Rio Grande do Sul State. Microbiological collections and analyses were carried out in samples from 40 artesian wells, registered in the Water Quality Surveillance Information System for Human Consumption (Sistema de Informação de Vigilância da Qualidade da Água para Consumo Humano - SISAGUA). The results show that 85% of the samples were positive for total coliforms and 22.5% were identified as E. coli. Of the eight antibiotics tested, only Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, and Nitrofurantoin showed 100% inhibition of bacterial growth. It is concluded that an important part of the analyzed wells did not present water with quality standards for consumption, requiring corrective actions by public authorities as a way of preventing infectious diseases. In addition, one must seek to rationalize the pharmacological treatment with antibiotics, due to indications of bacterial resistance presented by the strains isolated in this study.

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Objetivo: A água é de extrema importância para a saúde humana e essencial para a sobrevivência dos seres vivos. Águas subterrâneas de poços artesianos são menos contaminadas por não estarem expostas aos poluentes. Este estudo efetuou a análise microbiológica de águas de poços artesianos para o consumo humano. Métodos: As análises foram realizadas no Laboratório de Análises Microbiológicas, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Através da técnica dos tubos múltiplos e do número mais provável por mililitro de amostra se obteve a contagem de coliformes totais e coliformes termotolerantes. A contagem de bactérias heterotróficas foi realizada em placas de Petri com meio Ágar Padrão Contagem. E a pesquisa e confirmação de Escherichia coli por Ágar Eosina Azul de Metileno e testes bioquímicos, respectivamente. Resultados: Verificou-se que 68% das amostras estavam próprias para consumo humano, em 21% foi emitido um alerta e 11% estavam impróprias. Foi confirmada E. coli em 96% das amostras impróprias. Além disso, Pseudomonas aeruginosa foi encontrada em oito das amostras analisadas. Em relação ao tratamento com cloro, 85% das amostras cloradas estavam próprias. Dividiu-se o estudo em quatro períodos para efetuar um comparativo da potabilidade, o último período do estudo demonstrou um maior nível de potabilidade quando comparado ao primeiro. Conclusão: Estes dados são de grande relevância para a população e a conscientizam sobre um controle microbiológico frequente a fim de obter níveis menores ou isentos de bactérias, evitando contaminações que podem ser nocivas à saúde humana.

Objective: Water is very important for human health and essential to survival of living beings. Groundwater from artesian wells is the least contaminated because it is not exposed to pollutants. This study performed the microbiological analysis of artesian well water to human consumption. Methods: These analyses were performed at the Microbiological Analysis Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Health Sciences Center of the Federal University of Santa Maria. Using the multiple tube technique and the Most Probable Number per milliliter of the sample, the Total Coliform and Thermotolerant Coliform counts were obtained. Heterotrophic Bacteria counts were performed in Plate Count Agar Petri dishes. And the research and confirmation of Escherichia coli by Methylene Blue Eosin Agar and biochemical tests, respectively. Results: Checked that 68% of the samples were found to be safe to human consumption, 21% were alerted and 11% were inappropriate. E. coli was confirmed in 96% of improper samples. In addition, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in eight of the samples analyzed. Regarding chlorine treatment, 85% of chlorinated samples were safe to human consumption. The study was divided into four periods to make a potability comparison, the last period of the study showed a higher level of potability when compared to the first one. Conclusion: These data are of great relevance to the population and make them aware of frequent microbiological control in order to obtain lower or bacteria-free levels. This avoids contamination that can be harmful to human health.

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This study presents a correct time and depth correlations with enhanced velocity analysis, based on two reservoir horizons mapped across two wells (Osl-1 and Osl-2). It involves the use of high-resolution images to delineate the complex geological structures associated with Reservoir A-horizon (R-Ah) and Reservoir B-horizon (R-Bh) based on 3-D seismic sections and wireline logs. It focuses on showcasing magnified images of the well to seismic tie (W-ST), to enhance appropriate times and depths posting to aid correct determination of the pay thicknesses (Pt), drainage areas (Ad) and the mapping of other probable areas within the hydrocarbon field. The idea is to magnify the points of interested at very close intervals (≤2 feet) to enable the mapping of the actual positions and times of events within the reservoirs. The aim is to enhance better results and confidence in the interpretation, as such, reduce the uncertainty regarding hydrocarbon viability and volume estimation. R-Ah is tracking below 9550 feet and 2.460 s in Osl-1. It is below 9510 feet at 2.450 s in Osl-2. Similarly, R-Bh is tracking below 10550 feet at 2.655 s in Osl-1 and below 10520 feet at 2.650 s in Osl-2. R-Ah is about 70 feet (21.34 m) thick across Ols-1 and Osl-2 while R-Bh is 70 feet (21.34 m) thick and 100 feet (30.48 m) in Osl-1 and Osl-2 respectively. In total, Ad is 172 acres (69.6 × 104 m2) for R-Ah and 206 acres (83.4 × 104 m2) for R-Bh while the Pt is 140 feet (42.67 m) for R-Ah and 170 feet (51.82 m) for R-Bh. Possible wellbore positions to aid future developmental activities could be within the south-east, south-west and north-west directions of Osl-1 and Osl-2. The field is viable with regards to hydrocarbon availability, and the use of high-resolution images has aided accurate evaluation of Pt and Ad, hence, increased the confidence in the results of the interpretation.

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Intensive groundwater use has altered the local hydrological cycle within the Bajío Guanajuatense, Mexico. To improve the knowledge of this hydrogeological system and support water management in the area, groundwater end members were identified using multivariate statistical analysis. Pumped groundwater is composed of two well-mixed end members: (a) recent recharge, affected by a reuse cycle through irrigation where nitrate and chloride evolve and reach levels of 368 mg/L and greater than 100 mg/L, respectively, and (b) deep old groundwater. Mixing estimations show that most wells extract at least 70% of deep groundwater, and some of them extract more than 94%, posing a development and groundwater sustainability conundrum in the area.

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BACKGROUND: Critically ill patients are at high risk for pulmonary embolism (PE). Specific PE prediction rules have not been validated in this population. The present study assessed the Wells and revised Geneva scoring systems as predictors of PE in critically ill patients. METHODS: Pulmonary computed tomographic angiograms (CTAs) performed for suspected PE in critically ill adult patients were retrospectively identified. Wells and revised Geneva scores were calculated based on information from medical records. The reliability of both scores as predictors of PE was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS: Of 138 patients, 42 (30.4%) were positive for PE based on pulmonary CTA. Mean Wells score was 4.3 (3.5) in patients with PE versus 2.7 (1.9) in patients without PE (P < .001). Revised Geneva score was 5.8 (3.3) versus 5.1 (2.5) in patients with versus without PE (P = .194). According to the Wells and revised Geneva scores, 56 (40.6%) patients and 49 (35.5%) patients, respectively, were considered as low probability for PE. Of those considered as low risk by the Wells score, 15 (26.8%) had filling defects on CTA, including 2 patients with main pulmonary artery embolism. The area under the ROC curve was 0.634 for the Wells score and 0.546 for the revised Geneva score. Wells score >4 had a sensitivity of 40%, specificity of 87%, positive predictive value of 59%, and negative predictive value of 77% to predict risk of PE. CONCLUSIONS: In this population of critically ill patients, Wells and revised Geneva scores were not reliable predictors of PE.

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Fungi are ubiquitous in the environment. They are able to grow in water and many of them may be opportunistic pathogens. OBJECTIVE: The aims were to identify fungi in registered wells (RWs) and nonregistered wells (NRWs) that tap into groundwater; and to correlate the results from physicochemical assays on this water (free residual chlorine and pH) with the presence of fungi. DATA AND SETTING: Analytical cross-sectional quantitative study on groundwater wells in São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: 52 samples of 500 ml of water were collected from RWs and 107 from NRWs. These were sent to a microbiology laboratory to identify any fungi that were present. In addition, free residual chlorine and pH were measured immediately after sample collection. Several statistical analysis tests were used. RESULTS: Fungal contamination was present in 78.8% of the samples from RWs and 81.3% from NRWs. Filamentous fungi were more prevalent than yeast in both types of wells. There was no significant difference in presence of fungi according to whether chloride and pH were within recommended levels in RWs; or according to whether pH was within recommended levels in NRWs. Furthermore, there was no statistical difference in the levels of fungal contamination between RWs and NRWs. CONCLUSION: Both RWs and NRWs are potential reservoirs for many types of fungi. Many of these may become opportunistic pathogens if they infect immunosuppressed individuals. Furthermore, this study confirms that fungi are able to grow even when chlorine and pH parameters are within the standards recommended.

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A água é indispensável à vida e a sua contaminação com microrganismos patogênicos oferece grande risco à saúde humana, podendo causar doenças que variam de gastroenterites brandas a doenças fatais. Dessa forma, a água para o consumo humano deve estar livre de microrganismos patogênicos e não deve conter bactérias indicadoras de contaminação fecal, sendo a Escherichia coli o principal representante desse grupo de bactérias. Tendo em vista a importância da potabilidade da água para a saúde, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar a qualidade bacteriológica da água utilizada para o consumo humano proveniente de 200 poços artesianos localizados na cidade de Cambé/Paraná, no período de 2013 a 2017, utilizando-se para tanto a análise da presença de coliformes totais e de E. coli como indicador de contaminação fecal. A metodologia empregada para a pesquisa de coliformes totais e E. coli foi o método do substrato cromogênico Colilert®. Dentre as 200 amostras analisadas, 113 (56,5%) estavam contaminadas com coliformes totais e 35 (17,5%) com E. coli. As análises realizadas durante o período de cinco anos possibilitaram encontrar 14 (7%) amostras de água tratadas que apresentavam contaminação por bactérias do grupo coliforme. A partir dos resultados obtidos nesse trabalho, espera-se conscientizar tanto a população quanto os órgãos públicos sobre a importância do controle da qualidade da água para a prevenção de doenças transmitidas por esse meio (AU)

Water is essential for life and its contamination by pathogenic microorganisms offers great risk to human health and may cause illnesses ranging from mild gastroenteritis to life threatening diseases. Thus, water for human consumption should be free of pathogenic microorganisms and must not contain indicators of faecal contamination such as Escherichia coli presence. Given the importance of drinking water quality for health, this study aimed to verify the bacteriological quality of water used for human consumption from 200 artesian wells located in the city of Cambé - Paraná, from 2013 to 2017. The methodology used for the research of total coliforms and E. coli was the Colilert® chromogenic substrate method. Among the 200 analysed water samples, 113 (56.5%) were contaminated with total coliforms and 35 (17,5%) with E. coli. The analyses carried out during the five-year period allowed finding 14 (7%) treated water samples that showed contamination by bacteria of the coliform group. Based on the results obtained in this study, it is expected that both the population and the public agencies will be aware of the importance of water quality control for the prevention of diseases transmitted by this means (AU)

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Arsenic-hypertolerant bacteria were isolated from arsenic-contaminated well water from the village of Los Pereyra in Tucumán province, Argentina. Microorganisms that biotransform arsenic are a major factor in arsenic mobilization in contaminated aquifers. Groundwater analyses showed a level of arsenic contamination (mean concentration of 978 µg·L-1) that exceeds the safe drinking water limit of 10 µg·L-1 recommended by the World Health Organization and the Argentine Food Code. There was considerable spatial variability in the concentration of arsenic in each of the wells analyzed and in the distribution of the major anions HCO3-, SO42-, and Cl-. Eighteen bacterial strains were characterized. Six strains belonging to the Actinobacteria phylum were able to grow in media with 20 mmol·L-1 As(III) or 200 mmol·L-1 As(V) and were also highly resistant to Cr, Cd, and Cu. Their ability to biotransform arsenic was examined by speciation of the products by high-performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. In addition, two strains, Brevibacterium sp. strain AE038-4 and Microbacterium sp. strain AE038-20, were capable of aerobic arsenate reduction, which suggests that these strains could increase the mobility of arsenic by formation of more mobile As(III).

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Problema: la reducción de la flexibilidad de los isquiotibiales es común en adolescentes, asociándose con dolor lumbar, hernia de disco y riesgo de lesiones musculares. El ultimate frisbee implica aceleraciones y desaceleraciones en cortas distancias. Los antecedentes reportan lesiones en miembros inferiores, sin correlacionarlas con patrones de movimiento como fuerza, velocidad o salto. Objetivo: determinar la relación entre la flexibilidad de los isquiotibiales y la fuerza del soleo, con el salto y la velocidad en jugadores de ultimate frisbee. Método: estudio descriptivo, correlacional, con 103 deportistas universitarios de Medellín, Colombia. La información se recolectó mediante encuesta y observación. Se evaluó la flexibilidad, la velocidad y el salto. Los datos se analizaron con SPSS, versión 24.0. Resultados: la flexibilidad de los isquiotibiales se correlacionó positivamente con la velocidad, pero inversamente con el salto. Conclusión: a mayor flexibilidad de los isquiotibiales, mayor desarrollo de velocidad, pero menor capacidad de salto.

Problem: Reduction of hamstring flexibility is common in adolescents, associating with low back pain, disc herniation, andrisk of muscle injuries. Ultimate frisbee implies accelerations and decelerations over short distances. The background reports injuries in thelower limbs, without correlating them with movement patterns such as strength, speed or jump. Objective: To determine the relationship between hamstring flexibility and the strength ofthe soleus muscle with jump and speed in ultimate frisbee players. Method: Descriptive and correlational study, with 103 university athletes from Medellin, Colombia. Information wascollected through survey and observation. Flexibility, speed and jump were evaluated. Data were analyzed with SPSS® version 24.0. Results: Hamstring flexibility was positively correlated with speed, but inversely with jump. Conclusion: A greater flexibility of the hamstrings, greater speed development, but lessjumping ability.

Problema: a redução da flexibilidade dos isquiotibiais é um quadro clínico comum emadolescentes, esta redução foi reportada como um fator associado à prevalência de dor lombar, hérnia de disco e alto risco de lesões musculares. O ultimatefrisbee combina padrões de movimento similares ao futebol e ao handebol, onde se realizam cortes, arremessos, saltos, velocidade, voos e aceleração ­desaceleração em curtas distâncias. Os antecedentes encontrados nesse esporte reportam índices de lesões em membros inferiores, mas não se constataramcorrelações entre padrões de movimento específico com o salto, a força e a velocidade. Objetivo: determinar a relação da flexibilidade dos isquiotibiais, a força do sóleo com o salto e avelocidade em jogadores de ultimate frisbee. Método: realizou-se um estudo descritivo com alcance correlacional e amostra de conveniência de 103 jogadoresuniversitários de ultimate frisbee da cidade de Medellin-Colômbia. Os esportistas cumpriram os critérios de inclusão e assinaram o consentimentoinformado. No que se refere às técnicas de coleta de informação, utilizou-se a pesquisa de opinião e a observação. Avaliou-se a flexibilidade, a velocidade eo salto. Os dados se analisaram com o programa estadístico SPSS versão 24.0. Realizou-se uma análise uni-variada de estadística descritiva, que confirmou asfrequências absolutas e relativas. Além disso, determinou-se a distribuição da normalidade de todas as variáveis através do teste Kolmogorov-Smirnov, queassinalou normalidade para as variáveis com um valor < 0,05. Resultados: estabeleceu-se que a flexibilidade dos isquiotibiais tem correlação positivacom a velocidade, mas inversa com o salto. Conclusão: quanto maior a flexibilidade dos isquiotibiais, maior o desenvolvimento da velocidade, porémmenor a capacidade de salto.

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BACKGROUND: Radon is a known carcinogen and contaminant in drinking water wells, but is not monitored in drinking water quality programs in Jamaica. OBJECTIVE: The present study was conducted to obtain radon data in local drinking water and evaluate potential health risks. The data will contribute to determining the level of compliance to public health criteria for radon and to develop a monitoring program based on the identified risks. METHODS: This study assesses the concentration of radon in 22 drinking water wells in the parish of St. Catherine, Jamaica. Samples were collected for radon, with 12 other measurements gathered including pH, conductivity, TDS, alkalinity, hardness, phosphates, nitrates, chloride, sulfates, turbidity, well depth and geological features. The data were analyzed for compliance to international limits and association with geological and other parameters. RESULTS: The average radon level was 18 Bq/L ± 2 Bq/L and varied from a low of 11 Bq/L ± 1 Bq/L to a high of 41 Bq/L ± 1 Bq/L. There was a positive correlation between radon levels and both alkalinity and turbidity. No relationship of any significance, however, was identified with the other physicochemical parameters. All the study results fell within the European Union (EU) limit of 100 Bq/L, and well within the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) limit of 147 Bq/L. Most of the wells in this parish have radon levels exceeding the proposed USEPA limit of 11 Bq/L. The proposed limits are intended to support radon mitigation programs to manage radon in air. No limits are provided in the newest edition of the World Health Organization's (WHO) Guidelines for Safe Drinking Water Quality. CONCLUSIONS: Most wells in the study area met existing international limits. Almost all, however, did not meet the proposed USEPA limit for locations without radon mitigation programs. This indicates the need to establish national screening levels for radon, consistent with WHO and USEPA recommendations.

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Use of groundwater from private wells in households has increased considerably, owing to a better cost/benefit ratio than that of water provided by local utilities for a fee. However, this water is usually untreated, which makes it a vehicle for diseases. Thus, monitoring this water is necessary to ensure its integrity and quality. We aimed to evaluate the physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters of untreated groundwater drawn from different types of wells, and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the bacteria isolated from this water. Wellwater samples were collected in two Brazilian cities. Although physical and chemical parameters of the water were suitable for drinking, Escherichia coli was detected in 33% of the samples. E. coli contaminated 65% of dug wells and 10.25% of drilled wells. Many bacteria isolated were resistant to multiple antibacterial agents, including ß-lactams. Microbial contamination of this water was related to the well depth, and was more common in dug wells, making this water unfit for human consumption. Consumption of such contaminated and untreated water is a public health concern. Thus, individuals who regularly use such water must be alerted so they may either take preventive measures or connect to the water distribution system operated by local utilities.

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