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BACKGROUND: To explore the application effect of 3D printing surgical training models in the preoperative assessment of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy. METHODS: Eighty patients who underwent robot-assisted partial nephrectomy surgery between January 2022 and December 2023 were selected and divided into two groups according to the chronological order. The control group (n = 40) received preoperative assessment with verbal and video education from January 2022 to December 2022, while the observation group (n = 40) received preoperative assessment with 3D printing surgical training models combined with verbal and video education from January 2023 to December 2023. The preoperative anxiety, information demand score, and surgical awareness were compared between the two groups. The physiological stress indicators, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), angiotensin II (AT II), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol (Cor), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR), were also measured at different time points before and after surgery.They were 6:00 am on the day before surgery (T0), 6:00 am on the day of the operation (T1), 6:00 am on the first day after the operation (T2), and 6:00 am on the third day after the operation (T3).The preparation rate before surgery was compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The anxiety and surgical information demand scores were lower in the observation group than in the control group before anesthesia induction, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Both groups had lower scores before anesthesia induction than before preoperative assessment, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The physiological stress indicators at T1 time points were lower in the observation group than in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The overall means of the physiological stress indicators differed significantly between the two groups (P < 0.001). Compared with the T0 time point, the T1, T2, and T3 time points in both groups were significantly lower, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The surgical awareness and preparation rate before surgery were higher in the observation group than in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The preoperative assessment mode using 3D printing surgical training models combined with verbal and video education can effectively reduce the psychological and physiological stress responses of surgical patients, improve their surgical awareness, and enhance the preparation rate before surgery.

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Childhood obesity is a complex disorder that appears to be influenced by an interacting system of many factors. Taking this complexity into account, we aim to investigate the causal structure underlying childhood obesity. Our focus is on identifying potential early, direct or indirect, causes of obesity which may be promising targets for prevention strategies. Using a causal discovery algorithm, we estimate a cohort causal graph (CCG) over the life course from childhood to adolescence. We adapt a popular method, the so-called PC-algorithm, to deal with missing values by multiple imputation, with mixed discrete and continuous variables, and that takes background knowledge such as the time-structure of cohort data into account. The algorithm is then applied to learn the causal structure among 51 variables including obesity, early life factors, diet, lifestyle, insulin resistance, puberty stage and cultural background of 5112 children from the European IDEFICS/I.Family cohort across three waves (2007-2014). The robustness of the learned causal structure is addressed in a series of alternative and sensitivity analyses; in particular, we use bootstrap resamples to assess the stability of aspects of the learned CCG. Our results suggest some but only indirect possible causal paths from early modifiable risk factors, such as audio-visual media consumption and physical activity, to obesity (measured by age- and sex-adjusted BMI z-scores) 6 years later.

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BACKGROUND: Video recordings of patients may offer advantages to supplement patient assessment and clinical decision-making. However, little is known about the practice of video recording patients for direct care purposes. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to synthesize empirical studies published internationally to explore the extent to which video recording patients is acceptable and effective in supporting direct care and, for the United Kingdom, to summarize the relevant guidance of professional and regulatory bodies. METHODS: Five electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycINFO, CENTRAL, and HMIC) were searched from 2012 to 2022. Eligible studies evaluated an intervention involving video recording of adult patients (≥18 years) to support diagnosis, care, or treatment. All study designs and countries of publication were included. Websites of UK professional and regulatory bodies were searched to identify relevant guidance. The acceptability of video recording patients was evaluated using study recruitment and retention rates and a framework synthesis of patients' and clinical staff's perspectives based on the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability by Sekhon. Clinically relevant measures of impact were extracted and tabulated according to the study design. The framework approach was used to synthesize the reported ethico-legal considerations, and recommendations of professional and regulatory bodies were extracted and tabulated. RESULTS: Of the 14,221 abstracts screened, 27 studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 13 guidance documents were retrieved, of which 7 were retained for review. The views of patients and clinical staff (16 studies) were predominantly positive, although concerns were expressed about privacy, technical considerations, and integrating video recording into clinical workflows; some patients were anxious about their physical appearance. The mean recruitment rate was 68.2% (SD 22.5%; range 34.2%-100%; 12 studies), and the mean retention rate was 73.3% (SD 28.6%; range 16.7%-100%; 17 studies). Regarding effectiveness (10 studies), patients and clinical staff considered video recordings to be valuable in supporting assessment, care, and treatment; in promoting patient engagement; and in enhancing communication and recall of information. Observational studies (n=5) favored video recording, but randomized controlled trials (n=5) did not demonstrate that video recording was superior to the controls. UK guidelines are consistent in their recommendations around consent, privacy, and storage of recordings but lack detailed guidance on how to operationalize these recommendations in clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS: Video recording patients for direct care purposes appears to be acceptable, despite concerns about privacy, technical considerations, and how to incorporate recording into clinical workflows. Methodological quality prevents firm conclusions from being drawn; therefore, pragmatic trials (particularly in older adult care and the movement disorders field) should evaluate the impact of video recording on diagnosis, treatment monitoring, patient-clinician communication, and patient safety. Professional and regulatory documents should signpost to practical guidance on the implementation of video recording in routine practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42022331825: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=331825.

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Biomedical visualization has a long history as a tool for education around public health. However, recent advances in our understanding of how to be more effective at communicating complex scientific ideas to a public audience necessitate a re-examination of approaches to biomedical visualization. Scientific knowledge has expanded dramatically in the twenty-first century, as has its availability beyond the scientific arena. This chapter briefly discusses the historical approaches in biomedical visualization from the perspective of Western public health. It also outlines the approach that biomedical visualization should take according to best practices in effective science communication.

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OBJECTIVES: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has greatly altered peoples' daily lives. Teachers and students were found quite unprepared for the emergence of the first COVID-19 wave. So, improving the knowledge of students about COVID-19 is an important issue. METHODS: In this study, 240 high students attended. Two interventions with the same contents, but in different ways, were delivered. A structured questionnaire was utilized to collect data on demographic information, and information about the behavioral intention toward COVID-19 before and after the educational interventions as well as a control group that received no educational intervention. RESULTS: students in all arms had similar baseline knowledge of COVID-19. The results of the post-analysis showed the efficiency of educational techniques in increasing students' knowledge about COVID-19. So the audio-visual training method performed significantly better than the visual training method (p = 0.03). Both approaches achieved better scores than the control group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: During the outbreak of COVID-19, multimedia-based learning is a more effective educational approach and can improve the learning outcomes related to COVID-19 and achieve learning goals without close contact than written materials.

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BACKGROUND: Social media platforms that are based on the creation of visual media, such as TikTok, are increasingly popular with adolescents. Online social media networks provide valuable opportunities to connect with each other to share experiences and strategies for health and wellness. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the content of the hashtag #mentalhealth on TikTok. METHODS: This cross-sectional, descriptive content analysis study included 100 videos with the hashtag #mentalhealth on TikTok. All videos that included the hashtag #mentalhealth were analyzed and coded for the presence of content categories. Additionally, the comments to each video were viewed and coded for content in the following themes: offering support or validation; mentioning experience with suicide or suicidal ideation; mentioning experience with self-harm; describing an experience with hospitalization for mental health issues; describing other mental health issues; and sharing coping strategies, experiences of healing, or ways to feel better. RESULTS: Collectively, the 100 videos studied received 1,354,100,000 views; 266,900,000 likes; and 2,515,954 comments. On average, each video received 13,406,930.69 (SD 8,728,095.52) views; 2,657,425.74 (SD 1,449,920.45) likes; and 24,910.44 (SD 21,035.06) comments. The only content category observed in most (51/100, 51%) of the videos included in the sample was "general mental health." The remaining content categories appeared in less than 50% of the sample. In total, 32% (32/100) of the videos sampled received more than the overall average number of likes (ie, more that 2.67 million likes). Among these 32 videos, 23 (72%) included comments offering support or validation and 20 (62%) included comments that described other mental health issues or struggles. CONCLUSIONS: With over 1 billion cumulative views, almost half of the assessed TikTok videos included in this study reported or expressed symptoms of mental distress. Future research should focus on the potential role of intervention by health care professionals on social media.

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BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disease that is characterized by abdominal pain, discomfort, and changes in the frequency and form of stool without any organic pathology. In this study, the factors that affect the herbal treatment choices of IBS patients and their results were investigated. METHODS: Included in the study were 248 IBS patients who were over the age of 18. A questionnaire that comprised 25 questions was applied to the participants. Survey questions were asked to the participants regarding their age, place of birth, gender, educational status, demographic details, social standing, socioeconomic status and job, place of residence, and marital status. In addition, The participants were asked about which IBS symptoms they had, from whom they had received the recommendation for use of herbal products, whether the media had an effect on their selection of herbal products, and whether they had benefited from herbal products. RESULTS: It was observed that 41.1% of the patients with IBS who participated in the study used herbal medicine, 9.8% of whom used them regularly. It was found that the IBS patients participating in the study made their decision to use herbal products mostly based on the recommendations that they were given by acquaintances (57%) and the media (34%). When the patients were evaluated according to their gender, IBS was found to be more common in unemployed women who had a low level of education, while it was more common in working men (p = 0.015, P < 0.001, respectively). The IBS patients who were single used more herbal products that those who were married (P = 0.036). While the use of herbal herbs and oils was predominant in patients whose recommendation content comprised the media/internet and acquaintances, the herbal treatment content recommended by healthcare professionals consisted of traditional treatments and mixtures (P = 0.012). It was determined that a higher percentage of those who used herbal treatments lived in city centers when compared to those who did not (P < 0.001). In addition, it was determined that patients with constipation used herbal products more than those without (P < 0.001). Among the IBS patients, those who had diarrhea and those who were receiving medical treatment preferred to use significantly less herbal products (P = 0.007 and P = 0.041, respectively). It was found that the patients who visited the Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinic mostly used herbal therapy, while those who visited a family doctor used herbal therapy the least (P = 0.029 and P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: The IBS patients revealed whose recommendations they followed when purchasing herbal products, which of the products they preferred, and how useful/beneficial they felt that these products were. In this regard, the addition of training curricula related to herbal treatment for professional healthcare workers will further raise awareness on this topic.

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El nuevo Reglamento General de Protección de Datos de la Unión Europea (más comúnmente conocido por sus siglas en inglés como «GDPR») conforma un nuevo marco para la protección de datos común para la Unión Europea. Es por ello que los profesionales del ámbito sanitario deben revisar cómo recopilan y comparten datos para garantizar que estos cumplan con todos los estándares. El propósito de este artículo es concienciar sobre el Reglamento General de Protección de Datos de la Unión Europea y proporcionar una guía práctica que ayude a evitar problemas legales en la redacción de artículos o la preparación de comunicaciones científicas que requieran compartir datos personales y visuales. Para hacer esto, se han analizado las más comunes situaciones donde es necesario recoger y utilizar datos personales y visuales, para finalmente dar una serie de respuestas y recomendaciones para todos los escenarios descritos. (AU)

With the European Union's new General Data Protection Regulation, commonly known as “GDPR”, as the new framework for data protection across the European Union, doctors will need to review how they collect and share personal data to ensure they meet the standards. The aim of this article is to raise awareness on the General Data Protection Regulation, and to provide an easy guideline to steer free from legal problems at the time of drafting papers, presenting lectures and sharing personal data and visual media in particular. To do so, we have analysed the most common situations where personal data, and above all visual media, can be collected, giving clear-cut answers and recommendations for all the scenarios. (AU)

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With the European Union's new General Data Protection Regulation, commonly known as 'GDPR', as the new framework for data protection across the European Union (EU), doctors will need to review how they collect and share personal data to ensure they meet the standards. The aim of this article is to raise awareness on the GDPR, and to provide an easy guideline to steer free from legal problems at the time of drafting papers, presenting lectures and sharing personal data and visual media in particular. To do so, we have analysed the most common situations where personal data, and above all visual media, can be collected, giving clear-cut answers and recommendations for all the scenarios.

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Background: The Public Health Center (Puskesmas) is a primary care center in Indonesia that focuses on promotive and preventive efforts, as opposed to exclusively curative approaches. However, a major challenge has been identified in relation to the limited number of health personnel available to provide education to patients. The objective of this study, therefore, was to determine the impact of personal factors, severity of health problems, environmental situation, and patient activities on the level of attention payed to the audiovisual media. Design and Methods: The study involved the screening of 12 kinds of health education video, which ran in the LCD panel in the waiting room. The population consisted of visitors/patients that were 15 years old or older, and a sample size of 124 was selected randomly during the study period. Results: Based on the statistical analysis, it was established that age, severity of health problems, environment situation, and visitor activity influence patient awareness to audiovisual media in the waiting room of the Public health center. Conclusions: It is recommended that public health centers improve their environment to encourage the patients to pay attention to health media.

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Since the coronavirus outbreak, YouTube has altered its content moderation policies to surface more "authoritative information" while removing videos that contain "medically unsubstantiated claims." This was made urgent by incidents like a live-stream interview of renowned British conspiracy theorist David Icke-in which he falsely linked the spread of the coronavirus to 5G technology-that gained substantial traction online. Behind these events, however, lies a tension between the need for authoritative medical information and the socio-technical mediation that enables multiple, competing voices to lay claim to such authority on YouTube; a tension exacerbated by the current pandemic. Following an investigation into the sources and types of video content average users were likely to see when searching for information about the coronavirus on the site, we suggest that through its incentive structure and participatory affordances, YouTube may have subordinated expertise to a logic of likability-leaving institutional experts trailing behind.

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Poca información existe acerca de la evolución del uso de medios en la enseñanza de la anatomía moderna en sus primeros años. Esto se explica tal vez porque los académicos y estudiantes se preocuparon más del contenido que de los medios utilizados para la docencia morfológica obviamente. Su uso sin embargo es muy importante, pues modifica la forma de enseñar y de construir incluso los recintos donde se imparte la docencia, los que pasan de ser lugares con mucha iluminación natural de antaño, a ser recintos cerrados más bien obscuros y dotados de equipos con dispositivos proyectores de luz en la actualidad. El presente trabajo pretende por tanto dejar en la memoria de las nuevas generaciones los medios usados de antaño, el inicio de los medios audiovisuales en la década de los años 30 y el uso de TICs más recientemente y mostrar su evolución de la mano con los cambios tecnológicos en la enseñanza anatómica hasta nuestros días, no sólo a través de conocimientos generales al respecto, sino también a través de testimonios y documentos que los citan directamente en la docencia anatómica del país.

There is little information about the use of media in the teaching of modern anatomy in its early years. This is perhaps explained because academics and students were more concerned with the content than with the media used for morphological teaching, obviously. Its use however is very important, because it modifies the way of teaching and building even the enclosures where teaching is taught, those that go from being places with a lot of natural light, to being rather dark closed enclosures and endowed with equipment with devices projectors of light at present. The present work therefore, intends to remind the new generations of methods used in the past, the beginning of the audiovisual techniques in the decade of the 30s and the recent use of ICTs and show its development along with the technological changes in the anatomical teaching to this day, through general knowledge, evidence and graphic documents.

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Returning to alcohol use following inpatient treatment occurs due to various real life cues/triggers. It is a challenge to demonstrate to patients how to deal with these triggers during inpatient treatment. Aims of the current study were (a) to evaluate the effectiveness of video-enabled cue-exposure-based intervention (VE-CEI) in influencing treatment outcomes in alcohol dependence, (b) to identify postdischarge predictors of intervention failure (returning to ≥50% of baseline alcohol consumption quantity/day). The VE-CEI comprises live action videos in which human characters model various alcohol use cues and strategies to deal with them effectively. The VE-CEI was administered to an inpatient alcohol-dependent sample (n = 43) and compared with treatment as usual (TAU) (n = 42) at a government addiction treatment setting in India. Patients were followed up over 6 months postdischarge to evaluate effectiveness of the VE-CEI on specific drinking outcomes. Over 6-month follow-up, VE-CEI group (vs. TAU) reported significantly lesser alcohol consumption quantity, fewer drinking days, and lower intervention failure rates. Results of multivariate Cox regression showed that participants who did not receive VE-CEI had an elevated risk of intervention failure (hazards ratio: 11.14; 95% confidence interval [4.93, 25.15]), other intervention failure predictors being early-onset dependence and increased baseline drinking. Findings provide evidence from India for effectiveness of cue-exposure-based intervention delivered using video technology in improving postdischarge treatment outcomes.

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BACKGROUND: We aimed to assess whether short video interventions could reduce stigma among nursing students. METHODS: A multi-centre, randomised controlled trial was conducted. Participating schools were randomly selected and randomly assigned to receive: (1) an informational leaflet, (2) a short video intervention or (3) a seminar involving direct contact with a service user. The Community Attitudes towards Mental Illness (CAMI) and Reported and Intended Behaviour Scale (RIBS) were selected as primary outcome measures. SPANOVA models were built and Cohen's d calculated to assess the overall effects in each of the trial arms. RESULTS: Compared to the baseline, effect sizes immediately after the intervention were small in the flyer arm (CAMI: d = 0.25; RIBS: d = 0.07), medium in the seminar arm (CAMI: d = 0.61; RIBS: d = 0.58), and medium in the video arm (CAMI: d = 0.49 RIBS: d = 0.26; n = 237). Effect sizes at the follow-up were vanishing in the flyer arm (CAMI: d = 0.05; RIBS: d = 0.04), medium in the seminar arm (CAMI: d = 0.43; RIBS: d = 0.26; n = 254), and small in the video arm (CAMI: d = 0.22 RIBS: d = 0.21; n = 237). CONCLUSION: Seminar had the strongest and relatively stable effect on students' attitudes and intended behaviour, but the effect of short video interventions was also considerable and stable over time. Since short effective video interventions are relatively cheap, conveniently accessible and easy to disseminate globally, we recommend them for further research and development.

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In the course of a phenomenological study that explored the experiences of family members during their older loved one's delirium, a range of delirium experiences depicted in artistic, creative, and linguistic media were reviewed. The search for, and compilation of, media sources for reflection during data analysis is described in this paper. In doing so, the researcher reveals how attentiveness and openness to varied depictions of lived experiences, as well as a valuing attitude toward challenging subjective perspectives, can enhance researcher reflexivity and appreciation of interpretive meanings. Turning to media depictions of delirium offered alternative perspectives on the experience. It challenged the researcher's assumptions, enhanced phenomenological reflection, promoted critique of evolving interpretations, and suggested meanings that might not have otherwise been realized. The approach used is a potent, although often overlooked, way to differentiate the nature of phenomena shared through lived experience data. Media-based methods and their use in phenomenology continue to be explored. Illustrations of how to integrate media sources, as well as discussion about the benefits and alternatives to more common uses, are needed.

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Behavioural responses to photos are often used to infer what animals understand about their social environment, but are rarely validated against the same stimuli in real life. If subjects' responses to photos do not reflect responses to the same live stimuli, it is difficult to conclude what happens in reality based on photo responses alone. We compared capuchins' responses to photos versus live stimuli in an identical scenario within research cubicles. Subjects had the opportunity to approach food placed in front of an alpha group member and, in a separate condition, photos depicting the same individual. Subjects' latencies to approach food when placed in front of the real alpha negatively correlated with time subjects spent in close proximity to the alpha in their main enclosure. We therefore predicted subjects' latencies to approach food in the presence of photos would positively correlate with their latencies to approach food in the presence of the real alpha inside the cubicles, but negatively correlate with time they spent in proximity to the alpha in their enclosure. Neither prediction was supported. While not necessarily surprising, we explain why these results should be an important reminder that care is needed when interpreting results from photo studies.

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O esporte paralímpico encontra-se em processo de afirmação social e econômica e tem na mídia a principal ferramenta de divulgação de seus ideais e produtos. Baseado em conceitos da teoria dos campos de Pierre Bourdieu, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o ponto de vista de atletas brasileiros sobre conteúdos, meios e abrangência da divulgação midiática sobre o esporte paralímpico, de modo a propor reflexões sobre suas expectativas e percepções. A partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 23 atletas paralímpicos brasileiros e análise de discurso baseada no método Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, tem-se como principais resultados: a divulgação paralímpica é pequena, porém está em crescimento; os atletas dividem sua preferência entre a divulgação de feitos esportivos e a ideia de superação da deficiência

Paralympic sports are in a process of economic and social affirmation, and the media are the main tool to disseminate their ideas and products. Based on concepts of Pierre Bourdieu's field theory, the aim of this study was to investigate the standpoint of Brazilian athletes on contents, media and scope to publicize Paralympic sports, in order to propose reflections about their expectations and perceptions. Supported by data from semistructured interviews with 23 Brazilian Paralympic athletes and discourse analysis using the method of Discourse of the Collective Subject, the main results were: Paralympic publicizing is still low, but it is growing; athletes are divided between those who prefer to publicize sporting achievements and those who favor the idea of overcoming disability

El deporte paralímpico se encuentra en proceso de afirmación económica y social, y tiene en los medios de comunicación la principal herramienta para difundir sus ideas y productos. Basado en conceptos de la teoría de los Campos de Bourdieu, el objetivo de este estudio es investigar el punto de vista de los atletas brasileños en cuanto al contenido, los medios y la difusión de los medios de comunicación sobre el deporte paralímpico, con el fin de ofrecer reflexiones sobre sus expectativas y percepciones. A partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas con 23 atletas paralímpicos brasileños y del análisis del discurso basado en el método Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo, presenta como principales resultados: la divulgación paralímpica es aún pequeña, pero creciente; hay una cierta división entre los atletas que prefieren la divulgación de los logros deportivos y la idea de la superación de la discapacidad

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