RESUMEN
Abstract This study evaluated the antimicrobial capacity of BlueM® mouthwash against the bacterium Streptococcus mutans and its influence on gbpA gene expression as well as its cytotoxic effect on fibroblast cells. BlueM® showed antimicrobial activity, with MIC and MBC values of 0.005% and 0.01%, respectively. The MBIC was 6.25% for S. mutans. CFU count and confocal microscopy revealed significant effect of BlueM® on S. mutans biofilm pre-formed on dentin surfaces. Interestingly, the analysis of gbpA gene expression indicated a decrease in gene expression after 15 min of treatment with BlueM® at a concentration of 25%. Moreover, BlueM® exhibited low levels of cytotoxicity. In conclusion, our results showed the antimicrobial effectiveness of BlueM® against S. mutans, its ability to modulate the expression of the gbpA gene and its low cytotoxicity. This study supports the therapeutic potential of BlueM® as an alternative agent for the control of oral biofilm.
Resumo Este estudo avaliou a capacidade antimicrobiana do enxaguatório BlueM® contra a bactéria Streptococcus mutans e sua influência na expressão do gene gbpA, bem como seu efeito citotóxico em células de fibroblastos. BlueM® apresentou atividade antimicrobiana, com valores de CIM e CBM de 0,005% e 0,01%, respectivamente. O MBIC foi de 6,25% para S. mutans. A contagem de UFC e a microscopia confocal revelaram efeito significativo do BlueM® no biofilme de S. mutans pré-formado nas superfícies de dentinas. Curiosamente, a análise da expressão do gene gbpA, indicou uma diminuição na expressão do gene após 15 min de tratamento com BlueM® na concentração de 25%. Além disso, BlueM® exibiu baixos níveis de citotoxicidade. Em conclusão, nossos resultados mostraram a eficácia antimicrobiana do BlueM® contra S. mutans, sua capacidade de modular a expressão do gene gbpA e sua baixa citotoxicidade. Este estudo apoia o potencial terapêutico do BlueM® como agente alternativo para o controle do biofilme oral.
RESUMEN
ABSTRACT: The study used PCR to determine the molecular basis of the antibiotic resistance and virulence profiles of isolates of Salmonella by targeting genes encoding for carriage and persistence in the poultry. Of a total 1,503 cecal samples collected from poultry, 91 (6.1%) were positive for Salmonella. Ten different serotypes were detected from Salmonella isolates. The study was also conducted to determine the occurrence of 13 virulence and 12 resistance genes in isolates of Salmonella. All 46 isolates of Salmonella tested were positive for one or more of the 12 virulence genes detected, ranging from 0.0% (viaB) to 100.0% (invA, mgtB, pipA, and spi4D) (P < 0.05). Occurrence of virulence genes varied significantly (P < 0.05) by serotype but not by animal species. Only 4 (33.3%) of 12 resistance genes assayed were detected: strA, ampC, cmy2, and qnrB. Overall, the occurrence of detected resistance genes was 71.7% (33 of 46), and 87.1 and 40.0% of the isolates from chickens and ducks, respectively, were positive (P = 0.0009). The occurrence of resistance genes ranged from 2.2% (cmy2) to 50.0% (qnrB) in isolates positive for resistance gene. The findings provide evidence that poultry from "pluck shops" are colonized by Salmonella pathogens that harbor virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes; this may have clinical and therapeutic consequences, if the genes detected are expressed. Although there is a need for prudent use of antimicrobial agents in poultry production systems, there should be constant monitoring for the prevalence of resistance in Salmonella isolates using phenotypic methods. The importance of monitoring the occurrence of resistance genes in the pathogens in Trinidad cannot be ignored.
Asunto(s)
Pollos , Salmonelosis Animal , Animales , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/genética , Patos , Salmonella/genética , Serogrupo , Trinidad y Tobago , Virulencia/genéticaRESUMEN
Staphylococcus aureus is recognized worldwide as one of the main contagious mastitis agents in cattle and can express a set of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence-associated genes that explain the wide range of outcomes of intramammary infections. Staphylococcus aureus strains are heterogeneous: their different resistance and virulence patterns, associated with host-level factors and treatment factors, are related to the severity of infection. The aim of this study was to determine phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility, occurrence of selected antimicrobial resistance genes and other virulence genes in 93 S. aureus strains isolated from clinical mastitis in 6 countries: Argentina, Brazil, Germany, Italy, the United States (New York State), and South Africa. These isolates were tested against a total of 16 drugs (amoxicillin-clavulanate, ampicillin, cefazolin, cefoperazone, cefquinome, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, lincomycin, oxacillin, penicillin, rifampin, spiramycin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, tylosin) by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay, and examined for the presence of 6 antibiotic-resistance genes (blaZ, mecA, mecC, ermA, ermB, ermC) and 6 virulence-associated genes (scn, chp, sak, hla, hlb, sea) via PCR analysis. The phenotypic results of this study revealed the presence of 19.4% penicillin-resistant strains, whereas 22.6% of the strains were classified as having resistance (5.4%) or intermediate resistance (17.2%) to erythromycin. Most (96.8%) of the isolates were inhibited by cephalosporins, and all were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanate. Two strains (1 from Germany, 1 from Italy) were resistant to oxacillin and were positive for mecA. Among the other antimicrobial resistance genes, the most frequently detected was blaZ (46.2%), and 32.3% of the isolates were positive for erm genes: ermC (21.5%) and ermB (10.8%). The most prevalent virulence gene was hla (100%), followed by hlb (84.9%) and sea (65.6%). These results show a low prevalence of antibiotic multidrug resistance in S. aureus isolates, even if the detection of selected antimicrobial resistance genes did not always correspond with the occurrence of phenotypic antibiotic resistance; the immune evasion cluster gene prevalence was quite low in the samples analyzed.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Mastitis Bovina/microbiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/veterinaria , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Argentina , Brasil , Bovinos , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana/genética , Eritromicina/farmacología , Femenino , Alemania , Italia , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , New York , Oxacilina/farmacología , Sudáfrica , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Staphylococcus aureus/aislamiento & purificación , Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidad , VirulenciaRESUMEN
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the most common and global cause of neonatal calf diarrhea, but there is a little information regarding calf ETEC strains in Argentina. In this study, five ETEC isolates from diarrheic dairy calves (2-10 d old) from Buenos Aires and Cordoba, Argentina were characterized on the basis of virulence gene (VG) pattern, O:H serotyping, hemolytic phenotype, phylogenetic group affiliation, antimicrobial (AM) resistance profile, and presence of integron class 1 and 2. The five isolates were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of 18 bovine VGs and showed the following genotypes: F5+/F41+/sta+ (D242), F5+/sta+ (D158), F5+/sta+ (D157), F5+ (D151-9), and F5+/iucD+ (D151-5). These VGs confer pathogenic potential and most of them are associated with the ETEC pathotype. The five isolates showed a non-hemolytic phenotype, belonged to five different serotypes: O101:H-, O141:H-, O60:H-, ONT:H10, and ONT:H-, and were assigned to the phylogenetic group A by the quadruplex Clermont PCR method. The AM resistance of the three isolates D242, D157, and D151-5 was determined by agar disk diffusion method for 24 AMs and they exhibited a multi-resistance phenotype (resistance to four different AM classes: Cephalosporins, Penicillins, Macrolides, and Ansamycins). In addition, class 1 integrons were found in the isolate D151-5 containing the dfrA17-aadA5 gene cassette and in the bovine ETEC reference strain FV10191 containing the dfrA1-aadA1 gene cassette. The present study revealed for the first time the occurrence of multi-resistant ETEC associated with neonatal diarrhea in dairy calves in Argentina. This finding may be used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Enfermedades de los Bovinos/microbiología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana/genética , Escherichia coli Enterotoxigénica/fisiología , Escherichia coli Enterotoxigénica/patogenicidad , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/veterinaria , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Argentina , Bovinos , Escherichia coli Enterotoxigénica/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli Enterotoxigénica/genética , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/microbiología , Integrones/efectos de los fármacos , Integrones/genética , Fenotipo , Serotipificación/veterinaria , VirulenciaRESUMEN
D-Tagatose is a ketohexose, which presents unique properties as a low-calorie functional sweetener possessing a sweet flavor profile similar to D-sucrose and having no aftertaste. Considered a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) substance by FAO/WHO, D-tagatose can be used as an intermediate for the synthesis of other optically active compounds as well as an additive in detergent, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical formulations. This study reports important features for L-arabinose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.4) (L-AI) use in industry. We describe arabinose (araA) gene virulence analysis, gene isolation, sequencing, cloning, and heterologous overexpression of L-AI from the food-grade GRAS bacterium Enterococcus faecium DBFIQ E36 in Escherichia coli and assess biochemical properties of this recombinant enzyme. Recombinant L-AI (rL-AI) was one-step purified to homogeneity by Ni2+-agarose resin affinity chromatography and biochemical characterization revealed low identity with both thermophilic and mesophilic L-AIs but high degree of conservation in residues involved in substrate recognition. Optimal conditions for rL-AI activity were 50 °C, pH 5.5, and 0.3 mM Mn2+, exhibiting a low cofactor concentration requirement and an acidic optimum pH. Half-life at 45 °C and 50 °C were 1427 h and 11 h, respectively, and 21.5 h and 39.5 h at pH 4.5 and 5.6, respectively, showing the high stability of the enzyme in the presence of a metallic cofactor. Bioconversion yield for D-tagatose biosynthesis was 45% at 50 °C after 48 h. These properties highlight the technological potential of E. faecium rL-AI as biocatalyst for D-tagatose production.
Asunto(s)
Isomerasas Aldosa-Cetosa/metabolismo , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Enterococcus faecium/enzimología , Galactosa/metabolismo , Hexosas/biosíntesis , Isomerasas Aldosa-Cetosa/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Cationes Bivalentes , Clonación Molecular , Coenzimas/metabolismo , Enterococcus faecium/genética , Pruebas de Enzimas , Estabilidad de Enzimas , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Expresión Génica , Vectores Genéticos/química , Vectores Genéticos/metabolismo , Calor , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Cinética , Manganeso/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Alineación de Secuencia , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Especificidad por SustratoRESUMEN
Salmonellosis is a significant public health concern around the world. The injudicious use of antimicrobial agents in poultry production for treatment, growth promotion and prophylaxis has resulted in the emergence of drug resistant strains of Salmonella. The current study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes from Salmonella isolated from South African and Brazilian broiler chickens as well as human clinical isolates. Out of a total of 200 chicken samples that were collected from South Africa 102 (51%) tested positive for Salmonella using the InvA gene. Of the overall 146 Salmonella positive samples that were screened for the iroB gene most of them were confirmed to be Salmonella enterica with the following prevalence rates: 85% of human clinical samples, 68.6% of South African chicken isolates and 70.8% of Brazilian chicken samples. All Salmonella isolates obtained were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing with 10 antibiotics. Salmonella isolates from South African chickens exhibited resistance to almost all antimicrobial agents used, such as tetracycline (93%), trimethoprim-sulfamthoxazole (84%), trimethoprim (78.4%), kanamycin (74%), gentamicin (48%), ampicillin (47%), amoxicillin (31%), chloramphenicol (31%), erythromycin (18%) and streptomycin (12%). All samples were further subjected to PCR in order to screen some common antimicrobial and virulence genes of interest namely spiC, pipD, misL, orfL, pse-1, tet A, tet B, ant (3")-la, sul 1 and sul. All Salmonella positive isolates exhibited resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent; however, antimicrobial resistance patterns demonstrated that multiple drug resistance was prevalent. The findings provide evidence that broiler chickens are colonised by pathogenic Salmonella harbouring antimicrobial resistance genes. Therefore, it is evident that there is a need for prudent use of antimicrobial agents in poultry production systems in order to mitigate the proliferation of multiple drug resistance across species.
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Pollos , Genes Bacterianos , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/epidemiología , Infecciones por Salmonella/epidemiología , Salmonella/genética , Salmonella/patogenicidad , Animales , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Brasil/epidemiología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/genética , Humanos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/microbiología , Prevalencia , Salmonella/fisiología , Infecciones por Salmonella/microbiología , Salmonelosis Animal/epidemiología , Salmonelosis Animal/microbiología , Sudáfrica/epidemiología , Virulencia/genéticaRESUMEN
Salmonella is the most common etiological agent of cases and outbreaks of foodborne diarrheal illnesses. The emergence and spread of Salmonella spp., which has become multi-drug resistant and potentially more pathogenic, have increased the concern with this pathogen. In this study, 237 Salmonella spp., associated or not with foodborne salmonellosis in Brazil, belonging mainly to serotype Enteritidis, were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of the virulence genes spvC, invA, sefA and pefA. Of the isolates, 46.8% were sensitive to all antimicrobials and 51.9% were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent. Resistance to more than one antimicrobial agent was observed in 10.5% of the strains. The highest rates of resistance were observed for streptomycin (35.9%) and nalidixic acid (16.9%). No strain was resistant to cefoxitin, cephalothin, cefotaxime, amikacin, ciprofloxacin and imipenem. The invA gene was detected in all strains. Genes spvC and pefA were found in 48.1% and 44.3% of strains, respectively. The gene sefA was detected in 31.6% of the strains and only among S. Enteritidis. Resistance and virulence determinants were detected in Salmonella strains belonging to several serotypes. The high rates of antibiotic-resistance in strains isolated from poultry products demonstrate the potential risk associated with the consumption of these products and the need to ensure good food hygiene practices from farm to table to reduce the spread of pathogens relevant to public health.
Salmonella é o agente etiológico mais comumente envolvido em casos e surtos de doenças diarréicas de origem alimentar. A preocupação com este patógeno é, ainda, maior quando se verifica o surgimento e a disseminação de cepas multirresistentes e potencialmente mais patogênicas. Neste estudo, 237 cepas Salmonella spp., associadas ou não com casos ou surtos de salmonelose e pertencentes, principalmente, ao sorovar Enteritidis, foram avaliadas quanto ao perfil de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana e presença dos genes de virulência spvC, invA, sefA e pefA. Entre as cepas avaliadas, 46,8% foram sensíveis a todos os agentes antimicrobianos e 51,9% foram resistentes a pelo menos uma droga. Multirresistência foi observada em 10,5% das cepas. As maiores taxas de resistência foram observadas para estreptomicina (35,9%) e ácido nalidíxico (16,9%). Não foram detectadas cepas resistentes à cefoxitina, cefalotina, cefotaxima, amicacina, ciprofloxaxina e imipenem. O gene invA foi detectado em todas as cepas de Salmonella. Os genes spvC e pefA foram encontrados em 48,1% e 44,3% das cepas, respectivamente. O gene sefA foi detectado em 31,6% das cepas, estando presente somente entre as cepas de S. Enteritidis. Resistência antimicrobiana e marcadores de virulência foram detectados em cepas de Salmonella pertencentes a diversos sorovares. A alta taxa de resistência antimicrobiana verificada em cepas isoladas de frangos e derivados demonstra o potencial risco associado ao consumo destes produtos e a necessidade de se assegurar boas práticas de higiene em toda cadeia produtiva para reduzir a disseminação de patógenos relevantes para a saúde pública.
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Humanos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Microbiología de Alimentos/estadística & datos numéricos , Salmonella/efectos de los fármacos , Salmonella/patogenicidad , Factores de Virulencia/genética , Brasil , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/genética , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Prevalencia , Infecciones por Salmonella/microbiología , Salmonella/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Livestock manure may contain pathogenic microorganisms which pose a risk to the health of animal or humans if the manure is not adequately treated or disposed of. To determine the fate of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) non O157 in composted manure from naturally colonized sheep, fresh manure was obtained from animals carrying bacterial cells with stx1/ stx2 genes. Two composting systems were used, aerated and non-aerated, and the experiments were done in Dracena city, São Paulo State. Every week, for seven weeks, one manure sample from six different points in both systems was collected and cultured to determine the presence of E. coli, the presence of the virulence genes in the cells, and also the susceptibility to 10 antimicrobial drugs. The temperature was verified at each sampling. STEC non-O157 survived for 49 days in both composting systems. E. coli non-STEC showing a high degree of antibiotic resistance was recovered all long the composting period. No relationship was established between the presence of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance. The presence of virulence genes and multiple antibiotic resistances in E. coli implicates a potential risk for these genes spread in the human food chain, which is a reason for concern.(AU)
Esterco de animais de criação pode conter microrganismos patogênicos, o que representa um risco para a saúde animal e a humana se o esterco não for adequadamente tratado ou descartado. Determinou-se o tempo necessário para a eliminação de Escherichia coli Shiga toxigenica (STEC) não O157 em esterco ovino composto, obtido de fezes frescas de ovelhas naturalmente colonizadas com cepas STEC não O157 que apresentavam os genes stx1/ stx2. Foram utilizados dois sistemas de compostagem, aerado e não aerado, em experimentos realizados na cidade de Dracena, estado de São Paulo. Todas as semanas, durante sete semanas, uma amostra de compostagem proveniente de seis pontos diferentes na leira, nos dois sistemas, foi coletada e semeada para a determinação da presença de E. coli, da presença de genes de virulência nas células, bem como da sensibilidade dessas células a 10 drogas antimicrobianas. Em cada amostragem, a temperatura da leira foi analisada. Células de STEC não O157 sobreviveram por 49 dias nos dois sistemas de compostagem. E. coli não STEC com um alto grau de resistência a antibióticos foi recuperada ao longo de todo o período de compostagem. Não foi possível estabelecer relação entre a presença de genes de virulência e a resistência a antibióticos. A presença de genes de virulência e a resistência a múltiplos antibióticos em E. coli representam um risco potencial para o espalhamento desses genes na cadeia alimentar humana, o que é motivo de grande preocupação.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Derrame de Bacterias/fisiología , Escherichia coli Shiga-Toxigénica , Ovinos , Estiércol/análisis , Compostaje/análisis , NoxasRESUMEN
Livestock manure may contain pathogenic microorganisms which pose a risk to the health of animal or humans if the manure is not adequately treated or disposed of. To determine the fate of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) non O157 in composted manure from naturally colonized sheep, fresh manure was obtained from animals carrying bacterial cells with stx1/ stx2 genes. Two composting systems were used, aerated and non-aerated, and the experiments were done in Dracena city, São Paulo State. Every week, for seven weeks, one manure sample from six different points in both systems was collected and cultured to determine the presence of E. coli, the presence of the virulence genes in the cells, and also the susceptibility to 10 antimicrobial drugs. The temperature was verified at each sampling. STEC non-O157 survived for 49 days in both composting systems. E. coli non-STEC showing a high degree of antibiotic resistance was recovered all long the composting period. No relationship was established between the presence of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance. The presence of virulence genes and multiple antibiotic resistances in E. coli implicates a potential risk for these genes spread in the human food chain, which is a reason for concern...
Esterco de animais de criação pode conter microrganismos patogênicos, o que representa um risco para a saúde animal e a humana se o esterco não for adequadamente tratado ou descartado. Determinou-se o tempo necessário para a eliminação de Escherichia coli Shiga toxigenica (STEC) não O157 em esterco ovino composto, obtido de fezes frescas de ovelhas naturalmente colonizadas com cepas STEC não O157 que apresentavam os genes stx1/ stx2. Foram utilizados dois sistemas de compostagem, aerado e não aerado, em experimentos realizados na cidade de Dracena, estado de São Paulo. Todas as semanas, durante sete semanas, uma amostra de compostagem proveniente de seis pontos diferentes na leira, nos dois sistemas, foi coletada e semeada para a determinação da presença de E. coli, da presença de genes de virulência nas células, bem como da sensibilidade dessas células a 10 drogas antimicrobianas. Em cada amostragem, a temperatura da leira foi analisada. Células de STEC não O157 sobreviveram por 49 dias nos dois sistemas de compostagem. E. coli não STEC com um alto grau de resistência a antibióticos foi recuperada ao longo de todo o período de compostagem. Não foi possível estabelecer relação entre a presença de genes de virulência e a resistência a antibióticos. A presença de genes de virulência e a resistência a múltiplos antibióticos em E. coli representam um risco potencial para o espalhamento desses genes na cadeia alimentar humana, o que é motivo de grande preocupação...
Asunto(s)
Animales , Derrame de Bacterias/fisiología , Escherichia coli Shiga-Toxigénica , Estiércol/análisis , Compostaje/análisis , Noxas , OvinosRESUMEN
Determinadas linhagens de Escherichia coli comportam-se como patógenos em gatos, causando doenças gastrointestinais e extraintestinais. Neste estudo, foram utilizadas 205 cepas de E. coli isoladas de amostras de fezes provenientes de 19 gatos diarreicos e de 21 gatos não diarreicos, e três amostras de urina provenientes de gatos com infecção do trato urinário (ITU). Essas cepas foram testadas pela técnica de reação em cadeia da polimerase com múltiplos iniciadores para a detecção da presença de genes codificadores de adesinas (pap, sfa e afa), assim como para a detecção dos genes produtores da toxina Shiga-like (stx1 e stx2) e do gene da intimina (eae). Oitenta e dois isolados possuíam genes codificadores de adesinas, dos quais 11 apresentaram o gene pap, 41 apresentaram o gene sfa e 27 apresentaram uma combinação dos genes pap + sfa. Nenhuma das cepas examinadas apresentou os genes stx1, stx2 ou afa. Três isolados provenientes de um gato diarreico apresentaram uma combinação dos genes sfa + eae. Animais de companhia (pets) são reservatórios naturais para diversos organismos, especialmente linhagens ExPEC, as quais são potencialmente capazes de infectar seres humanos, o que representa um motivo de grande preocupação.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Gatos , Adhesinas de Escherichia coli , Factores de Virulencia/genética , Escherichia coli Shiga-Toxigénica/aislamiento & purificación , Escherichia coli Patógena Extraintestinal/aislamiento & purificación , Orina/microbiología , Heces/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Determinadas linhagens de Escherichia coli comportam-se como patógenos em gatos, causando doenças gastrointestinais e extraintestinais. Neste estudo, foram utilizadas 205 cepas de E. coli isoladas de amostras de fezes provenientes de 19 gatos diarreicos e de 21 gatos não diarreicos, e três amostras de urina provenientes de gatos com infecção do trato urinário (ITU). Essas cepas foram testadas pela técnica de reação em cadeia da polimerase com múltiplos iniciadores para a detecção da presença de genes codificadores de adesinas (pap, sfa e afa), assim como para a detecção dos genes produtores da toxina Shiga-like (stx1 e stx2) e do gene da intimina (eae). Oitenta e dois isolados possuíam genes codificadores de adesinas, dos quais 11 apresentaram o gene pap, 41 apresentaram o gene sfa e 27 apresentaram uma combinação dos genes pap + sfa. Nenhuma das cepas examinadas apresentou os genes stx1, stx2 ou afa. Três isolados provenientes de um gato diarreico apresentaram uma combinação dos genes sfa + eae. Animais de companhia (pets) são reservatórios naturais para diversos organismos, especialmente linhagens ExPEC, as quais são potencialmente capazes de infectar seres humanos, o que representa um motivo de grande preocupação.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Gatos , Adhesinas de Escherichia coli , Factores de Virulencia/genética , Escherichia coli Shiga-Toxigénica/aislamiento & purificación , Escherichia coli Patógena Extraintestinal/aislamiento & purificación , Orina/microbiología , Heces/microbiologíaRESUMEN
OBJETIVO: El propósito de este estudio fue determinar la presencia de genes de virulencia en cepas de Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) aisladas desde saliva de individuos de diferentes edades y asociarlas con el índice COPD y ceod según corresponda. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: A partir de un total de 120 individuos de ambos sexos, se conformaron 4 grupos de 30 personas, que se separaron de acuerdo con los siguientes rangos etarios: 3-5, 6-9, 12-15 y mayores de 18 años. A cada individuo se le determinó el índice COPD y ceod según correspondiera y se realizó recuento salival de S. mutans. La detección de los genes de virulencia: gtfB y spaP se realizó por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa convencional. RESULTADOS: Se estableció una asociación positiva entre el recuento bacteriano e índice COPD y ceod. El 100% de las cepas aisladas evidenciaron la presencia del gen gtfB y el 63,6% presentaron el gen spaP. No hubo evidencia estadísticamente significativa que relacionará un alto recuento bacteriano e índice COPD y ceod con la mayor presencia de genes que codifican factores de virulencia en cepas de S. mutans
AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the presence of gtfB and spaP virulence genes in Streptococcus mutans strains isolated from saliva taken from individuals of different ages. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A total of 120 individuals of both sexes were studied. They were assigned to one of 4 groups, with 30 individuals in each one, according to age; 3-5, 6-9, 12-15, and older than 18 years old. DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) and DMFT indexes were determined in each participant, depending on his/her age. S. mutans microbial counts were performed. The gtfB and spaP virulence genes were detected using conventional PCR. RESULTS: A positive association was found between microbial count and DMFT and DMFT indexes. All the isolated strains demonstrated the presence of gtfB, and 63.6% of the strains had spaP genes. No association was found between high bacterial counts or DMFT and DMFT indexes with the presence of genes that code for virulence factors in S. mutans strains
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Adulto Joven , Saliva , Streptococcus mutans , Streptococcus mutans/genética , Streptococcus mutans/patogenicidad , Virulencia , Índice CPO , Caries Dental/epidemiología , Saliva , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Medición de Riesgo , Caries Dental/microbiología , Carga BacterianaRESUMEN
Virulence genes of Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates from healthy dairy cows were identified and characterized by a multiplex PCR assay and serogrouping test. The results showed that among the target genes, eaeA was most frequently detected, accounting for 22.11% (67/303) in all strains from 101 cows. For categorization of E. coli, aEPEC was the category with widest distribution detected in 55 (18.15%) strains from 22 cattle. All of 84 PCR-positive strains belonged to 14 O serogroups, and O149 (25.00%) was most common identified, followed by O2 (17.86%), O8 (11.90%) and O103 (9.52%) with relatively high prevalence.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Animales , Bovinos , Diarrea , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/aislamiento & purificación , Frecuencia de los Genes , Técnicas In Vitro , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/genética , Productos Lácteos/análisis , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Bovinos , Métodos , Pruebas Serológicas , Virulencia/genéticaRESUMEN
Virulence genes of Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates from healthy dairy cows were identified and characterized by a multiplex PCR assay and serogrouping test. The results showed that among the target genes, eaeA was most frequently detected, accounting for 22.11% (67/303) in all strains from 101 cows. For categorization of E. coli, aEPEC was the category with widest distribution detected in 55 (18.15%) strains from 22 cattle. All of 84 PCR-positive strains belonged to 14 O serogroups, and O149 (25.00%) was most common identified, followed by O2 (17.86%), O8 (11.90%) and O103 (9.52%) with relatively high prevalence.
RESUMEN
Virulence genes of Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates from healthy dairy cows were identified and characterized by a multiplex PCR assay and serogrouping test. The results showed that among the target genes, eaeA was most frequently detected, accounting for 22.11% (67/303) in all strains from 101 cows. For categorization of E. coli, aEPEC was the category with widest distribution detected in 55 (18.15%) strains from 22 cattle. All of 84 PCR-positive strains belonged to 14 O serogroups, and O149 (25.00%) was most common identified, followed by O2 (17.86%), O8 (11.90%) and O103 (9.52%) with relatively high prevalence.