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Abstract Introduction : Although therapeutic advances have improved results of cutaneous melanoma (CM), senti nel node-positive patients still have substantial risk to develop recurrent disease. We aim to investigate prog nostic indicators associated with disease recurrence in positive-sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) patients in a Latin-American population. Methods : Retrospective analysis of CM patients and positive-SLNB (2010-2020). Patients were divided into two groups: Group A (completion lymph node dissection, CLND), Group B (active surveillance, AS). Association of demographics, tumor data and SLN features with recurrence-free (RFS), distant metastases-free (DMFS) and melanoma specific (MSS) survival was analyzed. Results : Of 205 patients, 45 had a positive SLNB; 27(60%) belonged to Group A and 18(40%) to Group B. With a median follow-up of 36 months, 16 patients (12 in Group A and 4 in Group B) developed recurrent dis ease and estimated 5-yr RFS at any site was 60% (CI95%, 0.39 - 0.77) (44.5% in CLND group vs. 22% in AS group; P = 0.20). Estimated 5-yr DMFS and MSS: 65% (CI 95%, 0.44 - 0.81) and 73% (CI 95%, 0.59 - 0.89) with no differ ences between groups (p = 0.41 and 0.37, respectively). Independent predictors of poorer MSS were extranodal extension (ENE) and MaxSize > 2 mm of melanoma deposit in SLN. Factors independently associated with DMFS: Breslow depth > 2 mm, ENE, number (≥ 2) of posi tive SN and CLND status. Conclusion : Primary tumor and SN features in mela noma provide important prognostic information that help optimize prognosis and clinical management. AS is now the preferred approach for most positive-SLNB CM patients.

Resumen Introducción : Si bien los avances terapéuticos han permitido mejorar los resultados del melanoma cutáneo (MC), los pacientes con ganglio centinela positivo (BGCP) aún tienen riesgo elevado de desarrollar recurrencia de la enfermedad. Nuestro objetivo fue investigar in dicadores pronósticos asociados a dicho evento en una población latinoamericana. Métodos : Análisis retrospectivo de pacientes con MC y BGCP entre 2010-2020. Los pacientes se dividieron en 2 grupos: Grupo A (linfadenectomía terapéutica) y Grupo B (Vigilancia activa, VA). Se analizaron datos demográficos, tumorales y características del GC junto con sobrevida-libre de recurrencia (SLR), libre de metástasis a distancia (SLMD) y específica de melanoma (SEM). Resultados : De 205 pacientes, 45 presentaron BGCP; 27 (60%) perteneció al Grupo A y 18 (40%) al Grupo B. Con una mediana de seguimiento de 36 meses, 16 pa cientes (12 en Grupo A y 4 en Grupo B) desarrollaron enfermedad recurrente con una SLR a 5 años de 60% (IC95%: 0.39-0.77) (44.5% en Grupo B vs. 22% en Grupo A; P = 0.20). Las SLMD y SEM estimadas a 5 años fueron de 65% (CI 95%, 0.44 - 0.81) y 73% (CI 95%, 0.59 - 0.89) sin diferencias entre ambos grupos (p = 0.41 y 0.37, respec tivamente). Los predictores independientes de peor SEM fueron: extensión extranodal (ENE) y MaxSize > 2mm de depósito tumoral en GC. Los factores asociados de forma independiente con SLMD fueron Breslow >2mm, ENE, número (≥ 2) de GC positivos y el status (positividad) de la linfadenectomía. Conclusión : Características del tumor primario y del GC brindan información importante que ayuda a optimi zar el pronóstico y manejo clínico de los pacientes con MC. La VA es actualmente el abordaje de elección para la mayoría de los pacientes con BGCP.

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Introducción: En Uruguay el cáncer de próstata ocupa el primer lugar en incidencia y el tercer lugar en mortalidad en el hombre. La mayoría de estos cánceres se diagnostican en estadios precoces. Hoy en día, para pacientes con adenocarcinoma de muy bajo riesgo, bajo riesgo o riesgo intermedio favorable, la vigilancia activa es una opción adecuada. Objetivos: Describir una población de pacientes con cáncer de próstata de muy bajo riesgo, bajo riesgo o riesgo intermedio favorable, en vigilancia activa en COMERI. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, observacional, retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes con cáncer de próstata de muy bajo riesgo, bajo riesgo o riesgo intermedio favorable, tratados entre 2010 y 2018 en COMERI. Se recopilaron datos en el sistema de registro clínico electrónico. Resultados: Se incluyeron 33 pacientes, la mediana de edad al diagnóstico fue de 74 años. Todos los pacientes fueron sometidos a controles clínicos y determinación de PSA cada 3 meses. El tacto rectal se realizó en forma anual. El tiempo mediano de vigilancia activa fue de 33 meses. Durante el seguimiento, se observaron pocas variaciones en los valores de PSA. El 21% de los pacientes fue sometido a una nueva biopsia durante el seguimiento activo, y en todos los casos, el Gleason se mantuvo incambiado. Ningún paciente abandonó la modalidad de vigilancia activa. Conclusión: En nuestro entorno, la vigilancia activa se considera una opción terapéutica válida para pacientes altamente seleccionados con cáncer de próstata de muy bajo riesgo, bajo riesgo o riesgo intermedio favorable, y es bien aceptada por ellos.

Introduction: In Uruguay, prostate cancer ranks first in incidence and third in mortality among men. The majority of these cancers are diagnosed at early stages. Nowadays, active surveillance is an appropriate option for patients with adenocarcinoma of very low risk, low risk, or favorable intermediate risk. Objectives: To describe a population of patients with prostate cancer of very low risk, low risk, or favorable intermediate risk under active surveillance at COMERI. Materials and Methods: Descriptive, observational, retrospective study. Patients with prostate cancer of very low risk, low risk, or favorable intermediate risk treated between 2010 and 2018 at COMERI were included. Data were collected from the electronic clinical registry system. Results: Thirty-three patients were included, with a median age at diagnosis of 74 years. All patients underwent clinical monitoring and PSA determination every 3 months. Digital rectal examination was performed annually. The median time of active surveillance was 33 months. During follow-up, there were few variations in PSA values. 21% of patients underwent a repeat biopsy during active surveillance, and in all cases, the Gleason score remained unchanged. No patient discontinued active surveillance. Conclusion: In our setting, active surveillance is considered a valid therapeutic option for highly selected patients with prostate cancer of very low risk, low risk, or favorable intermediate risk, and it is well accepted by them.

Introdução: No Uruguai, o câncer de próstata ocupa o primeiro lugar em incidência e o terceiro lugar em mortalidade entre os homens. A maioria desses cânceres é diagnosticada em estágios precoces. Atualmente, para pacientes com adenocarcinoma de risco muito baixo, baixo risco ou risco intermediário favorável, a vigilância ativa é uma opção adequada. Objetivos: Descrever uma população de pacientes com câncer de próstata de risco muito baixo, baixo risco ou risco intermediário favorável sob vigilância ativa em COMERI. Material e métodos: Estudo descritivo, observacional, retrospectivo. Foram incluídos pacientes com câncer de próstata de risco muito baixo, baixo risco ou risco intermediário favorável, tratados entre 2010 e 2018 em COMERI. Os dados foram coletados no sistema de registro clínico eletrônico. Resultados: Foram incluídos 33 pacientes, com mediana de idade no diagnóstico de 74 anos. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a controles clínicos e determinação de PSA a cada 3 meses. O toque retal foi realizado anualmente. O tempo médio de vigilância ativa foi de 33 meses. Durante o acompanhamento, houve poucas variações nos valores de PSA. 21% dos pacientes foram submetidos a uma nova biópsia durante a vigilância ativa, e em todos os casos, o Gleason permaneceu inalterado. Nenhum paciente abandonou a modalidade de vigilância ativa. Conclusão: Em nosso ambiente, a vigilância ativa é considerada uma opção terapêutica válida para pacientes altamente selecionados com câncer de próstata de risco muito baixo, baixo risco ou risco intermediário favorável, e é bem aceita por eles.

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Objetivo Determinar el valor del índice nutricional pronóstico (INP) en la selección de pacientes para vigilancia activa (VA) en cáncer de próstata. Métodos Entre septiembre de 2020 y junio de 2022, se analizaron retrospectivamente los datos de 125 pacientes que se sometieron a prostatectomía laparoscópica asistida por robot. Todos los pacientes eran candidatos aptos para VA antes de la operación. Con base en los resultados patológicos obtenidos en la prostatectomía laparoscópica asistida por robot, los pacientes fueron asignados a 2 grupos. Los pacientes que cumplían con los criterios para VA se asignaron al grupo 1 y los demás se asignaron al grupo 2. Se compararon datos demográficos, valores de INP y parámetros hematológicos de los grupos. Resultados El 38% (n:48) de los pacientes cumplió los criterios del grupo 1 y el 62% (n:77) cumplió los criterios del grupo 2. Se encontró un incremento de grado y estadio (upgrade y upstage) en 76 (61%) y 26 (21%) pacientes, respectivamente. No hay diferencias significativas entre los grupos en cuanto a edad, IMC, PSA, densidad de PSA, volumen prostático y PI-RADS. El primer grupo obtuvo un valor de INP más alto. El valor de 49,45 se calculó mediante análisis ROC como el valor de corte ideal de INP para predecir la reclasificación a un grado y estadio más alto del cáncer de próstata (p<0,001). De acuerdo con el análisis de regresión tanto univariante como multivariante, se encontró que el INP era un predictor de exclusión de la VA (p<0,001). Conclusión Los incrementos de grado y estadio se detectan con mayor frecuencia en pacientes con valores bajos de INP. El uso del valor INP en la selección de pacientes para VA aumentará la tasa de éxito en la selección de los candidatos óptimos. (AU)

Objective To evaluate the importance of the Prognostic Nutritional Index(PNI) value for patient selection of active surveillance (AS) in prostate cancer. Methods Between September 2020 and June 2022, the data of 125-patients who underwent Robot-Assisted-Laparoscopic-Prostatectomy were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were suitable for AS preoperatively. Using the pathological results of Robot-Assisted-Laparoscopic-Prostatectomy, patients have been divided 2 groups. Patients who met the criteria for AS were defined as the first group, others were defined second. Demographic datas, PNI values and hematological parameters of the groups were compared. Results 38%(n:48) patients were found suitable for the group 1, and 62%(n:77) were found suitable for the group 2. Upgrading and upstaging were found at 76 patients (61%) and 26 (21%), respectively. There is no significant difference between groups on age, BMI, PSA, PSA-density, prostate volume, and PIRADS. PNI value was found higher at first group. The value of 49.45 was calculated by ROC analysis as the ideal PNI cut-off value for predicting upgrading and upstaging of prostate cancer(P<.001).According to the both univariate and multivariate regression analysis, PNI was found a predictor for exclusion from AS (P<.001). Conclusion Upgrading and upstaging are detected at a higher rate in patients with low PNI values. The use of PNI value in the selection of patients to AS will increase the success rate of ideal patient selection. (AU)

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Abstract Introduction : Immediate completion lymph node dissection (CLND) performed in patients with a positive sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) cutaneous melanoma is not associated with improved melanoma specific survival versus active surveillance (AS) using nodal ul trasound. Clinical practice experience and outcomes of AS and adjuvant therapy is now starting to be published in literature. Methods : Retrospective analysis of patients with a positive-SLNB between June/2017-February/2022. Impact of management on any-site recurrence free survival (RFS), isolated nodal recurrence (INR), distant metasta sis-free survival (DMFS) and melanoma-specific survival (MSS) was evaluated. Results : From 126 SLNB, 31 (24.6%) were positive: 24 received AS and 7 CLND. Twenty-one (68%) received ad juvant therapy (AS, 67% and CLND, 71%). With a median follow-up of 18 months, 10 patients developed recur rent disease with an estimated 2-yr RFS of 73% (CI95%, 0.55-0.86) (30% in AS group vs. 43% in dissection group; P = 0.65). Four died of melanoma with an estimated 2-yr MSS of 82% (CI 95%, 0.63-0.92) and no differences between AS and CLND groups (P = 0.21). Estimated 2-yr DMFS of the whole cohort was 76% (CI 95%, 0.57-0.88) with no differences between groups (P = 0.33). Conclusion : Active surveillance strategy has been adopted for most positive-SLNB cutaneous melanoma patients. Adjuvant therapy without immediate CLND was delivered in nearly 70% of patients. Our results align with outcomes of randomized control trials and previous real-world data.

Resumen Introducción : La linfadenectomía inmediata (LI) re alizada en pacientes con biopsia de ganglio centinela (BGC) positivo por melanoma cutáneo no está asociada a mejoría en la supervivencia libre de enfermedad vs. vigilancia activa (VA). Resultados oncológicos y experi encia en la práctica clínica con dicha conducta asociados a tratamiento adyuvante comienzan a ser publicados en la literatura. Métodos : Análisis retrospectivo incluyendo paci entes con BGC-positiva por melanoma cutáneo entre junio/2017-febrero/2022. Se evaluó impacto del manejo en: supervivencia libre de recurrencia (SLR), recurren cia ganglionar aislada (RGA), supervivencia libre de metástasis a distancia (SLMD) y supervivencia libre de enfermedad (SLE). Resultados : De 126 pacientes, 31 (24.6%) fueron positi vos: en 24 se realizó VA y en 7 LI. Veintiún pacientes (68%) recibieron tratamiento adyuvante (VA, 67% y LI, 71%). Con una media de seguimiento de 18 meses, 10 pacientes presentaron recurrencia de la enfermedad con una SLR estimada a 2 años del 73% (CI95%, 0.55-0.86) (30% en VA vs. 43% en LI; P = 0.65). Cuatro murieron de melanoma con una SLE a 2 años del 82% (CI 95%, 0.63-0.92); sin diferencia entre ambos grupos (P = 0.21). La SLMD a 2 años de toda la cohorte fue de 76% (CI 95%, 0.57-0.88; P = 0.33). Conclusión : La vigilancia activa se ha adoptado como conducta para la mayoría de los pacientes con BGC-positivo. El tratamiento adyuvante sin linfadenectomía inmediata se realizó en cerca del 70% de nuestra serie. Los resultados de nuestra serie son similares a los re portados en la literatura.

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Introducción y objetivo La vigilancia activa (VA) se ha establecido como estrategia terapéutica en pacientes con cáncer de próstata de bajo riesgo. Se han identificado factores demográficos y anatomopatológicos que aumentan la probabilidad de reclasificar a los enfermos. Materiales y métodos Se han recogido datos analíticos e histopatológicos de 116 pacientes incluidos en VA desde 2014. Se ha realizado un análisis univariante con X2, t de Student y Tau de Kendall, un análisis multivariante según regresión logística y se han calculado las curvas de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados De los 116 pacientes en VA, la mediana de edad al diagnóstico fue 66 años y la mediana de seguimiento fueron 13 meses (2-72). De todos ellos, 61 (52,6%) siguen en vigilancia mientras que 55 (47,4%) han salido del programa, la mayoría por progresión histológica (52 pacientes [45,2%]), realizándose prostatectomía radical en 27 (49,1%). El volumen prostático (Vp) ≤ 60cc y el número de cilindros positivos >1 en la biopsia diagnóstica (p = 0,05) se asociaron con mayor tasa de reclasificación en el análisis univariante (p < 0,05). En el análisis multivariante, estas dos variables se correlacionaron significativamente con una mayor tasa de reclasificación (Vp ≤ 60 cc: OR 4,39, p = 0,04; >1 cilindro positivo en la biopsia diagnóstica: OR 2,48, p = 0,03). Conclusiones Se ha objetivado que el volumen ecográfico inicial y el número de cilindros positivos en la biopsia diagnóstica son factores de riesgo independientes para la reclasificación. El antígeno prostático específico (PSA) inicial, la lateralidad de los cilindros afectos y la densidad de PSA no fueron elementos predictores de progresión en nuestra serie (AU)

Introduction and Objective Active surveillance (AS) has been established as a therapeutic strategy in patients with low-risk prostate cancer. Demographic and anatomopathological factors that increase the probability of reclassifying patients have been identified. Materials and Methods Laboratory and histopathological data were collected from 116 patients included on AS since 2014. Univariate analysis was performed with Chi-square, t-student and Kendall's Tau, multivariate analysis according to logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier curves were calculated. Results Of the 116 patients in AS, the median age at diagnosis was 66 years and the median follow-up was 13 months (2-72). Of these, 61 (52.6%) are still on surveillance, while 55 (47.4%) have left the program, mostly due to histological progression (52 patients (45.2%)); radical prostatectomy was performed in 27 (49.1%). Prostate volume (PV) ≤ 60cc and the number of positive cylinders > 1 in diagnostic biopsy (p = 0.05) were associated with higher reclassification rate in univariate analysis (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that these two variables significantly correlated with higher reclassification rate (PV 60 cc: OR 4.39, p = 0.04; > 1 positive cylinder at diagnostic biopsy: OR 2.48, p = 0.03). Conclusions It has been shown that initial ultrasound volume and the number of positive cylinders in the diagnostic biopsy are independent risk factors for reclassification. Initial PSA, laterality of the affected cylinders and PSA density were not predictive factors of progression in our series (AU)

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INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Active surveillance (AS) has been established as a therapeutic strategy in patients with low-risk prostate cancer. Demographic and anatomopathological factors that increase the probability of reclassifying patients have been identified. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Laboratory and histopathological data were collected from 116 patients included on AS since 2014. Univariate analysis was performed with Chi-square, t-student and Kendall's Tau, multivariate analysis according to logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier curves were calculated. RESULTS: Of the 116 patients in AS, the median age at diagnosis was 66 years and the median follow-up was 13 months (2-72). Of these, 61 (52.6%) are still on surveillance, while 55 (47.4%) have left the program, mostly due to histological progression (52 patients (45.2%)); radical prostatectomy was performed in 27 (49.1%). Prostate volume (PV)≤60cc and the number of positive cylinders >1 in diagnostic biopsy (P=.05) were associated with higher reclassification rate in univariate analysis (P<.05). Multivariate analysis showed that these two variables significantly correlated with higher reclassification rate (PV 60 cc: OR 4.39, P=.04; >1 positive cylinder at diagnostic biopsy: OR 2.48, P=.03). CONCLUSIONS: It has been shown that initial ultrasound volume and the number of positive cylinders in the diagnostic biopsy are independent risk factors for reclassification. Initial PSA, laterality of the affected cylinders and PSA density were not predictive factors of progression in our series.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the importance of the Prognotic Nutritional Index(PNI) value for patient selection of active surveillance(AS) in prostate cancer. METHODS: Between September 2020 and June 2022, the data of 125-patients who underwent Robot-Assisted-Laparoscopic-Prostatectomy(RALP) were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were suitable for AS preoperatively. Using the pathological results of RALP, patients have been divided two groups. Patients who met the criteria for AS were defined as the first group, others were defined second. Demographic datas, PNI values and hematological parameters of the groups were compared. RESULTS: 38% (n:48) patients were found suitable for the group1, and 62%(n:77) were found suitable for the group 2. Upgrading and upstaging were found at 76 patients (61%) and 26(21%), respectively. There is no significant difference between groups on age, BMI, PSA, PSA-density, prostate volume, and PIRADS. PNI value was found higher at first group. The value of 49.45 was calculated by ROC analysis as the ideal PNI cut-off value for predicting upgrading and upstaging of prostate cancer (P < ,001). According to the both univariate and multivariate regression analysis, PNI was found a predictor for exclusion from AS (P < ,001). CONCLUSION: Upgrading and upstaging are detected at a higher rate in patients with low PNI values. The use of PNI value in the selection of patients to AS will increase the success rate of ideal patient selection.

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El cáncer de tiroides ha aumentado en incidencia, sin embargo, la mortalidad se mantiene estable. Muchas de estas lesiones son a expensas de un microcarcinoma papilar de tiroides definido por la OMS como aquel carcinoma papilar de tiroides que en su diámetro máximo no sobrepasa los 10 mm. El avance de la imagenología sobre todo la ecografía de alta resolución y el hallazgo en pieza de anatomía patológica por lesiones benignas son las principales causas del aumento en el diagnóstico de esta entidad. La vigilancia activa surge entonces como alternativa de manejo para pacientes portadores de microcarcinoma papilar con bajo riesgo de progresión, obteniendo resultados oncológicos comparables. Independiente de su tratamiento el pronóstico de estos pacientes es excelente con sobrevida cercana al 100% en 10 años. A pesar de lo dicho la morbilidad de las distintas opciones terapéuticas es muy distinta. Será fundamental buscar elementos clínicos y paraclínicos que permitan tomar una decisión práctica, con el fin de determinar qué pacientes con microcarcinomas papilares que podrán entrar en un protocolo de vigilancia activa. Esta revisión pretende examinar la bibliografía publicada al respecto como alternativa de manejo, y su eventual aplicación en Uruguay.

Thyroid cancer has increased in incidence; however, mortality remains stable. Many of these lesions are at the expense of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma defined by the WHO as papillary thyroid carcinoma that in its maximum diameter does not exceed 10 mm. The advance of imaging, especially high-resolution ultrasound and the finding of benign lesions in pathological anatomy specimens are the main causes of the increase in the diagnosis of this entity. Active surveillance arises then as a management alternative for patients with papillary microcarcinoma with low risk of progression, obtaining comparable oncologic results. Regardless of their treatment, the prognosis of these patients is excellent with a survival rate close to 100% in 10 years. In spite of what has been said, the morbidity of the different therapeutic options is very different. It will be essential to look for clinical and paraclinical elements that will allow making a practical decision, in order to determine which patients with papillary microcarcinomas will be able to enter an active surveillance protocol. This review aims to examine the literature published on this subject as a management alternative, and its eventual application in Uruguay.

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Objetivo: Los pacientes con cáncer de vejiga (CV) Ta, de grado bajo (GB) 1-2, presentarán con frecuencia una «recidiva», aunque rara vez una progresión a un estadio más avanzado. Si bien las directrices actuales mencionan la vigilancia y el manejo en consulta para estos tumores nuevos o recurrentes, la resección transuretral es el tratamiento realizado con mayor frecuencia. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la seguridad de la vigilancia y/o la cauterización ambulatoria. Materiales y métodos: Este estudio se llevó a cabo como un análisis retrospectivo de una serie de casos de 45 pacientes que tenían CV recurrente con apariencia de GB Ta y que fueron tratados principalmente con vigilancia y/o cauterización en la consulta. Se excluyeron los pacientes con carcinoma in situ. La variable de valoración principal fue la progresión a un estadio más avanzado. Resultados: La mediana de seguimiento fue de 62 meses. En 41 (91%) pacientes no hubo progresión del estadio. Tres pacientes recidivaron con CV grado alto (GA) T1; uno de ellos está recibiendo inmunoterapia sistémica. Un paciente desarrolló un CV GA T2 y fue tratado con un protocolo preservador de la vejiga. A 40 (89%) pacientes se les realizó cauterización en consulta. Once recibieron BCG y 26 recibieron quimioterapia intravesical tras la cauterización. Cinco (11%) pacientes desarrollaron CV GA durante el seguimiento. Ningún paciente falleció. Ninguno de los 17 (38%) pacientes hispanos tuvo progresión.ConclusionesLa vigilancia activa y/o la cauterización ambulatoria para pacientes con tumores vesicales pequeños GB Ta es segura, reduce costes y mejora la calidad de vida al evitar las resecciones transuretrales. (AU)

Objective: Patients with low-grade (LG), grade 1-2, Ta bladder cancer (BC) will frequently have a “recurrence”. However, they rarely progress in stage. Although current guidelines mention surveillance and office management for these new or recurrent tumors, transurethral resection is the most common treatment. The purpose of this study is to determine if surveillance and/or office cautery is safe. Materials and methods: This study was conducted as a retrospective case series analysis of 45 patients who had recurrent LG Ta appearing BC and were managed primarily with surveillance and/or office cautery. Patients with carcinoma in-situ were excluded. The primary outcome was stage progression. Results: Median follow-up was 62 months. Forty-one (91%) patients did not progress in stage. Three patients recurred with high grade (HG) T1 BC; one is receiving systemic immunotherapy. One patient developed HG T2 BC and was treated with a bladder preservation protocol. Forty (89%) patients underwent office cauterization. Eleven received BCG and 26 received post-cautery intravesical chemotherapy. Five (11%) patients developed HG BC during follow-up. No patients died. None of the 17 (38%) Hispanic patients had progression. Conclusions: Active surveillance and/or office cautery for patients with small recurrent LG Ta bladder tumors is safe, reduces cost and improves quality of life by avoiding transurethral resections. (AU)

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La Organización Mundial de la Salud ha declarado que la resistencia a los antimicrobianos es una de las 10 principales amenazas de salud pública a las que se enfrenta la humanidad. Actualmente, enzimas de las familias Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), Oxacillinase (OXA), New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM), Verona Integron En coded Metallo-beta-lactamase (VIM) e Imipenemase (IMP) son las que se detectan con mayor frecuencia a nivel mundial. El objetivo es describir los hallazgos de los aislamientos de microorganismos productores de carbapenemasas de pacientes internados en el Hospital de Clínicas durante los años 2020 y 2021. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de corte transversal de datos obtenidos del laboratorio de microbiología del Hospital entre enero 2020 y diciembre 2021. Se estudiaron 216 muestras clínicas de las cuales 196(91%) fueron en pacientes adultos, 172 (80%) fueron positivos para enzimas metalo-ß-lactamasa (MBL), Klebsiella pneumoniae fue la especie más frecuente. En pacientes internados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos predominaron estos aislamientos y en muestras de orina 91 (42%). Según sexo, 108(50%) para ambos sexos y una mediana de edad de 52 años, con un rango de 6 días de vida a 92 años. En cuanto a número de aislamientos hallados, fue mayor en el año 2020 con 121 (56%).La vigilancia activa junto a medidas de control de infecciones son necesarias para limitar la diseminación de microorganismos productores de carbapenemasas, además se hallan datos necesarios para justificar la introducción al país de antibióticos de elección para estos microorganismos.

The World Health Organization has declared antimicrobial resistance one of the top 10 public health threats facing humanity. Currently, enzymes from the families Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), Oxacillinase (OXA), New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM), Verona Integron En coded Metallo-beta-lactamase (VIM) and Imipenemase (IMP) are those that are more frequently detected worldwide. The objective is to describe the findings of the isolates of carbapenemase-producing microorganisms from patients hospitalized at the Hospital de Clínicas during the years 2020 and 2021. A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study of data obtained from the Hospital's microbiology laboratory was carried out between January 2020and December 2021. 216 clinical samples were studied, of which 196 (91%) were in adult patients, 172 (80%) were positive for metallo-ß-lactamase (MBL) enzymes, Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most frequent species. In patients hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit these isolates predominated and in urine samples 91 (42%). According to sex, 108 (50%) for both sexes and a median age of 52 years, with a range of 6 days to 92 years. Regarding the number of isolates found, it was higher in 2020 with 121 (56%). Active surveillance together with infection control measures are necessary to limit the spread of carbapenemase-producing microorganisms, in addition, there are necessary data to justify the introduction of antibiotics of choice for these microorganisms into the country.

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OBJECTIVE: Patients with low-grade (LG), grade 1-2, Ta bladder cancer (BC) will frequently have a "recurrence". However, they rarely progress in stage. Although current guidelines mention surveillance and office management for these new or recurrent tumors, transurethral resection (TURBT) is the most common treatment. The purpose of this study is to determine if surveillance and/or office cautery is safe. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted as a retrospective case series analysis of 45 patients who had recurrent LG Ta appearing bladder cancer (BC) and were managed primarily with surveillance and/or office cautery. Patients with carcinoma in-situ were excluded. The primary outcome was stage progression. RESULTS: Median follow up was 62 months. 41 (91%) patients did not progress in stage. Three patients recurred with HG T1 BC; one is receiving systemic immunotherapy. One patient developed HG T2 BC and was treated with a bladder preservation protocol. 40 (89%) patients underwent office cauterization. Eleven received BCG and 26 received post-cautery intravesical chemotherapy. Five (11%) patients developed HG BC during follow up. No patients died. None of the 17 (38%) Hispanic patients had progression. CONCLUSIONS: Active surveillance and/or office cautery for patients with small recurrent LG Ta bladder tumors is safe, reduces cost and improves quality of life by avoiding TURBTs.

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Objetivo: Evaluar los patrones de práctica clínica de urólogos portugueses en el manejo de pacientes incluidos en un protocolo de vigilancia activa.IntroducciónEl cáncer de próstata (CaP) es una enfermedad heterogénea, con un alto porcentaje de adenocarcinomas indolentes y con una probabilidad baja de convertirse en una enfermedad sintomática o potencialmente mortal. La vigilancia activa (VA) es una forma de tratamiento conservador, empleado con el objetivo de limitar el sobretratamiento de los pacientes con CaP de bajo riesgo. A lo largo de los años, la experiencia con VA ha ido aumentado considerablemente, siendo actualmente el manejo estándar en algunos países. Sin embargo, no existe, a día de hoy, un protocolo universal.MétodosEncuesta electrónica anónima de ámbito nacional, sobre los hábitos y prácticas en materia de VA entre urólogos portugueses. La encuesta constaba de 12preguntas y fue enviada por vía electrónica a los 368 miembros actuales de la Asociación Portuguesa de Urología.ResultadosSe encuestó a 56 urólogos (15,21% de respuestas), distribuidos geográficamente de manera uniforme y categorizados según los años de experiencia y el número de pacientes con CaP tratados mensualmente. La gran mayoría de los encuestados recomienda la VA a sus pacientes, en particular en el caso de pacientes de grado 1 de la ISUP, con un nivel sérico de PSA es inferior a 20 ng/ml. No se cuestiona el cumplimiento de los programas de VA por parte de los pacientes, pero la morbilidad psicológica de albergar la enfermedad es un factor preocupante. Según la mayoría de los encuestados, los protocolos de vigilancia propuestos por las guías internacionales son adecuados y suficientes, pero se ponen de manifiesto algunas limitaciones en cuanto a la disponibilidad de la resonancia magnética de forma periódica y al requerimiento de nuevas biopsias (AU)

Objectiv: To examine clinical practice patterns in locally managing patients under an active surveillance protocol among Portuguese urologists.IntroductionProstate cancer (PCa) is a heterogeneous disease with many prostate adenocarcinomas being indolent and a low probability of ever causing symptoms or death. Active surveillance (AS) is a form of conservative management aimed to reduce over-treatment for low-risk PCa patients. Over the years, experience with AS has grown considerably and is now standard in some countries, however a universal protocol still does not exist.MethodsNationwide anonymous e-survey concerning habits and practices on AS among Portuguese urologists, that consisted of 12questions and was sent electronically to all 368 current members of the Portuguese Urological Association.Results56 urologists were surveyed (15.21% answer rate), evenly distributed geographically and allocated according to years of experience as well as number of PCa patients managed monthly. The vast majority of respondents recommends AS to their patients, particularly ISUP grade 1 patients, whose PSA serum level is bellow 20ng/mL. Observance of AS programs by patients was not in question but concerns exist over psychological morbidity while harboring disease. Majority believed that international guidelines surveillance protocols were adequate and sufficient, but there are some constraints concerning availability of periodic MRIs and re-biopsy needs (AU)

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Resumen Las infecciones hospitalarias causadas por bacilos gram negativos resistentes a carbapenems (BGNCR) están asociadas al aumento de morbimortalidad y gasto sanitario. La identificación mediante cultivos de vigilancia y las medidas de control de infecciones permiten reducir su diseminación. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el impacto de un programa de vigilancia integrado a protocolos de control de infecciones sobre la incidencia de BGNCR y conocer su epidemiología molecular en una unidad de cuidados intensivos. Se realizaron auditorías seguidas de un programa de cultivo de vigilancia activa y caracterización molecular de BGNCR, antes y después de la implementación de programas de prevención y control de infecciones. El screening microbiológico se realizó en medios cromogénicos; la caracterización molecular de p-lactamasas (blaKPC, bla0XA-48-like, blaVIM, blaiMP, blaNDM, blaSHV y blaCTx-M) por PCR y la tipificación molecular por PFGE y MLST para Klebsiella pneumoniae. El protocolo desarrollado permitió reducir la colonización global de 16,92% al 9,67%. La diseminación de K. pneumoniae fue a expensas de diversos clones portadores de KPC-2 asociada a BLEE SHV-2 y CTX-M-15, y distribuidos en varios secuenciotipos (ST17, ST13, ST2256, ST353); no se observó persistencia de un clon particular y ningún aislamiento presentó factores de virulencia asociados a hipervi-rulencia. Los aislamientos de Acinetobacter baumannii fueron mayoritariamente productores de IMP-1. El análisis PFGE individualizó 3 clusters, asumiendo que la diseminación fue clonal.

Abstract Hospital-acquired infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CRGNB) have been increasingly reported worldwide and are associated with high rates of mortality especially in intensive care units(ICUs). Early identification through rectal surveillance cultures and implementation of infection control measures(ICM) including contact precautions, staff education on cleaning and hand hygiene may reduce the spread of these microorganisms. The aim of this work was to assess the impact of enhanced ICM on CRGNB colonization and to describe the molecular epidemiology of these bacteria in a polyvalent ICU in a tertiary level hospital. A prospective study including audits and active surveillance culture program, with molecular characterization, was conducted before and after the implementation of prevention programs and infection control measures. Microbiological screening was performed in chromogenic media; PCR targeting p-lactamases genes (ó/qkpc, óíQndm, blaviM and blaoxA-48, blasHv and ó/qctx-m), molecular typing by PFGE; and MLST in K. pneumoniae were performed. CRGNB colonization was reduced from 16.92% to 9.67% upon implementing the infection control measures. In K. pneumoniae the most frequent carbapenemase type was KPC-2 associated with SHV-2 and CTX-M-15, and was disseminated in various STs (ST17, ST13, ST2256, ST353); there was no persistence of particular clones and virulence factors showed no association with hypervirulence. IMP-1 carbapenemase predominated in A. baumannii and the PFGE analysis individualized 3 clusters, assuming that the dissemination in the ICU was clonal. The early detection of patients colo-nized with CRBGN by using epidemiological surveillance cultures and the implementation of prophylactic measures are key to reducing the incidence of these microorganisms.

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OBJECTIVE: To examine clinical practice patterns in locally managing patients under an active surveillance protocol among Portuguese urologists. INTRODUCTION: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a heterogeneous disease with many prostate adenocarcinomas being indolent and a low probability of ever causing symptoms or death. Active surveillance (AS) is a form of conservative management aimed to reduce over-treatment for low-risk PCa patients. Over the years, experience with AS has grown considerably and is now standard in some countries, however a universal protocol still does not exist. METHODS: Nationwide anonymous e-survey concerning habits and practices on AS among Portuguese urologists, that consisted of twelve questions and was sent electronically to all 368 current members of the Portuguese Urological Association. RESULTS: 56 urologists were surveyed (15.21% answer rate), evenly distributed geographically and allocated according to years of experience as well as number of PCa patients managed monthly. The vast majority of respondents recommends AS to their patients, particularly ISUP grade 1 patients, whose PSA serum level is bellow 20 ng/mL. Observance of AS programs by patients was not in question but concerns exist over psychological morbidity while harboring disease. Majority believed that international guidelines surveillance protocols were adequate and sufficient, but there are some constraints concerning availability of periodic MRIs and re-biopsy needs. CONCLUSIONS: AS seems to be sustained in urologist clinical practice, although patients still lag to adhere and choose for active treatment. AS may not be an easy choice for patients and clinicians due to uncertainty of disease progression, risk of loss to follow-up and repeated biopsies but is also a cause for anxiety, depression, uncertainty and a perception of danger.

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INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Active surveillance (AS) is currently a therapeuticstrategy recommended by all Clinical Guidelines forthe initial management of very low-risk, low-risk, andsome intermediate-risk prostate cancer (PCa). However,a high percentage of cases will present the need for active treatment and a quarter of them will presentunfavorable anatomopathological characteristics. METHODS: review of the biomarkers' literature oncircumscribed to the inclusion and follow-up of patientsin AS. RESULTS: PSA and its variants remain the most widelyused and most cost-effective biomarker in AS. Inparticular, the use of PSA density based on the prostatevolume detected by mpMRI has gained much weight.Different multipanel biomarkers in blood and urineare commercially available to predict progressionto PCa ≥3 + 4 (GG2), but they have not clearly beenprospectively tested in AS cohorts. Tissue biomarkersanalyze gene panels that offer predictive informationindependent of classical clinicopathological variablesand may play a role in controversial indications for AS.Lastly, risk calculators are cost-effective and validatedfor their care use in AS and are probably underused. CONCLUSIONS: Although there is no specific biomarkerfor the optimization of AS, its rational use togetherwith mpMRI may in the future optimize the inclusionof patients in AS and follow-up differentiatedby risk groups.

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVOS: La vigilanciaactiva (VA) es actualmente una estrategia terapéuticarecomendada por todas las Guías Clínicaspara el manejo inicial del cáncer de próstata (CaP) deriesgo muy bajo, bajo riesgo y algún caso de riesgo intermedio.Sin embargo, un alto porcentaje de casospresentarán necesidad de tratamiento activo y de ellosuna cuarta parte presentarán características anatomopatológicasdesfavorables.MÉTODOS: Revisión de la literatura en biomarcadoresutilizables en práctica asistencial circunscritos a lainclusión y seguimiento de pacientes en VA.RESULTADOS: El PSA y sus variantes sigue siendo elbiomarcador más utilizado y más costo-efectivo en VA.En concreto ha ganado mucho peso el uso de la densidadde PSA basándose en el volumen prostático detectado por RMmp. Distintos biomarcadores multipanelen sangre y orina son asequibles comercialmentepara predecir la progresión a CaP ≥ 3+4 (GG2), perono han sido claramente testados prospectivamenteen cohortes de VA. Los biomarcadores tisulares analizanpaneles de genes que ofrecen una informaciónpredictiva independiente de las variables clínico-patológicasclásicas y pueden tener su papel en indicacionescontrovertidas de VA. Por último, las cálculadorasde riesgo sí que son costo-efectivas y validadaspara su uso asistencial en VA y probablemente estáninfrautilizadas.CONCLUSIONES: Si bien no existe un biomarcadorespecífico para la optimización de la VA, su uso racionaljunto a la RMmp puede optimizar en un futuro lainclusión de pacientes en VA y seguimientos diferenciadospor grupos de riesgo.

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INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVOS: La vigilancia activa (VA) es actualmente una estrategia terapéutica recomendada por todas las Guías Clínicaspara el manejo inicial del cáncer de próstata (CaP) deriesgo muy bajo, bajo riesgo y algún caso de riesgo intermedio. Sin embargo, un alto porcentaje de casospresentarán necesidad de tratamiento activo y de ellosuna cuarta parte presentarán características anatomopatológicas desfavorables.MÉTODOS: Revisión de la literatura en biomarcadores utilizables en práctica asistencial circunscritos a lainclusión y seguimiento de pacientes en VA.RESULTADOS: El PSA y sus variantes sigue siendo elbiomarcador más utilizado y más costo-efectivo en VA.En concreto ha ganado mucho peso el uso de la densidad de PSA basándose en el volumen prostático detectado por RMmp. Distintos biomarcadores multipanelen sangre y orina son asequibles comercialmentepara predecir la progresión a CaP ≥ 3+4 (GG2), perono han sido claramente testados prospectivamenteen cohortes de VA. Los biomarcadores tisulares analizan paneles de genes que ofrecen una informaciónpredictiva independiente de las variables clínico-patológicas clásicas y pueden tener su papel en indicaciones controvertidas de VA. Por último, las cálculadoras de riesgo sí que son costo-efectivas y validadaspara su uso asistencial en VA y probablemente estáninfrautilizadas. CONCLUSIONES: Si bien no existe un biomarcadorespecífico para la optimización de la VA, su uso racional junto a la RMmp puede optimizar en un futuro lainclusión de pacientes en VA y seguimientos diferenciados por grupos de riesgo. (AU)

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:Active surveillance (AS) is currently a therapeuticstrategy recommended by all Clinical Guidelines forthe initial management of very low-risk, low-risk, andsome intermediate-risk prostate cancer (PCa). However, a high percentage of cases will present the need for active treatment and a quarter of them will presentunfavorable anatomopathological characteristics.METHODS: review of the biomarkers’ literature oncircumscribed to the inclusion and follow-up of patients in AS.RESULTS: PSA and its variants remain the most widely used and most cost-effective biomarker in AS. Inparticular, the use of PSA density based on the prostate volume detected by mpMRI has gained much weight. Different multipanel biomarkers in blood and urine are commercially available to predict progressionto PCa ≥3 + 4 (GG2), but they have not clearly beenprospectively tested in AS cohorts. Tissue biomarkersanalyze gene panels that offer predictive informationindependent of classical clinicopathological variablesand may play a role in controversial indications for AS.Lastly, risk calculators are cost-effective and validatedfor their care use in AS and are probably underused.CONCLUSIONS: Although there is no specific biomarker for the optimization of AS, its rational use together with mpMRI may in the future optimize the inclusion of patients in AS and follow-up differentiatedby risk groups. (AU)

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Hospital-acquired infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CRGNB) have been increasingly reported worldwide and are associated with high rates of mortality especially in intensive care units(ICUs). Early identification through rectal surveillance cultures and implementation of infection control measures(ICM) including contact precautions, staff education on cleaning and hand hygiene may reduce the spread of these microorganisms. The aim of this work was to assess the impact of enhanced ICM on CRGNB colonization and to describe the molecular epidemiology of these bacteria in a polyvalent ICU in a tertiary level hospital. A prospective study including audits and active surveillance culture program, with molecular characterization, was conducted before and after the implementation of prevention programs and infection control measures. Microbiological screening was performed in chromogenic media; PCR targeting ß-lactamases genes (blaKPC, blaNDM, blaVIM and blaOXA-48, blaSHV and blaCTX-M), molecular typing by PFGE; and MLST in K. pneumoniae were performed. CRGNB colonization was reduced from 16.92% to 9.67% upon implementing the infection control measures. In K. pneumoniae the most frequent carbapenemase type was KPC-2 associated with SHV-2 and CTX-M-15, and was disseminated in various STs (ST17, ST13, ST2256, ST353); there was no persistence of particular clones and virulence factors showed no association with hypervirulence. IMP-1 carbapenemase predominated in A. baumannii and the PFGE analysis individualized 3 clusters, assuming that the dissemination in the ICU was clonal. The early detection of patients colonized with CRBGN by using epidemiological surveillance cultures and the implementation of prophylactic measures are key to reducing the incidence of these microorganisms.

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Resumen En las últimas décadas, la creciente identificación de nódulos tiroideos ha dado lugar a un incremento dramático en el diagnóstico y tasa de incidencia del cáncer de tiroides, sin embargo, su mortalidad se ha mantenido estable. La mayor fracción de este incremento es atribuible al creciente uso de tecnologías de diagnóstico, que ha identificado un número cada vez mayor de cánceres papilares de tiroides (CPT), en su gran mayoría pequeños y de bajo riesgo clínico. La mayoría de estos tumores no generarán morbilidad o mortalidad a pesar de no ser tratados. La práctica clínica ha evolucionado hacia un tratamiento menos agresivo de los CPTs. La vigilancia activa (VA) ha surgido como una nueva alternativa terapéutica dentro del algoritmo de tratamiento, que tiene como objetivo reconocer a un potencial grupo minoritario de pacientes en quienes sus carcinomas papilares tiroideos sí progresarán clínicamente y, por lo tanto, en ellos un tratamiento quirúrgico resulte en mayor beneficio que perjuicio. En esta revisión nos planteamos como objetivo describir la epidemiología del carcinoma papilar tiroideo, el concepto de vigilancia activa en esta área y los resultados clínicos obtenidos mediante este abordaje terapéutico en las distintas experiencias realizadas en el mundo hasta la fecha.

Abstract In recent decades, the increasing identification of thyroid nodules has led to a dramatic increase in the diagnosis and incidence rate of thyroid cancer. However, their mortality has remained stable. The largest fraction of this increase is attributable to the growing use of diagnostic technologies, which has identified an increasing number of mostly small, low clinical risk papillary thyroid cancers (PTC). Most of these tumors will not generate morbidity or mortality despite being untreated. Clinical practice has evolved towards a less aggressive treatment of PTC's. Active surveillance (AS) has emerged as a new therapeutic alternative within the treatment algorithm, which aims to recognize a potential minority group of patients in whom their thyroid papillary carcinoma will progress clinically, and therefore in whom surgical treatment will result in greater benefit than harm. In this review we aim to describe the epidemiology of papillary thyroid carcinoma, the concept of active surveillance in this area and the clinical results obtained by this therapeutic approach in the different experiences carried out in the world until now.

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Resumen El aumento dramático en la incidencia del cáncer de tiroides de las últimas décadas, el cual se debe principalmente a la mayor detección de microcarcinomas papilares de tiroides (MCPT), ha generado un aumento considerable de los costos asociados a la atención del cáncer de tiroides. A pesar de este aumento de la incidencia a nivel mundial, la mortalidad asociada a estos tumores se ha mantenido sin cambios significativos. En consecuencia, varios grupos de investigadores han sugerido que se ha producido un sobrediagnóstico y un sobretratamiento de los carcinomas papilares de tiroides (CPT) de bajo riesgo. La vigilancia activa (VA) ha surgido como una nueva alternativa terapéutica para estos tumores, con excelentes resultados oncológicos, menores tasas de complicaciones y que podría ayudar a reducir los costos económicos. No obstante, a pesar de los alentadores resultados de la VA, su implementación en la práctica depende de muchos aspectos entre los cuales se encuentran las características radiológicas del tumor, las características clínicas del paciente, factores psicosociales y socioeconómicos. En esta revisión nos enfocaremos en describir la evidencia acumulada hasta la fecha respecto de la historia natural de la cinética del CPT, costo-efectividad de VA, y las limitaciones actuales para su implementación.

Abstract The dramatic increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer in recent decades, which is primarily due to increased detection of papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PTCM), has led to a significant increase in the costs associated with thyroid cancer care. Despite this increase in the worldwide incidence, the mortality associated with these tumors has remained unchanged. Consequently, several groups of researchers have suggested that low-risk papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) have been overdiagnosed and overtreated. Active surveillance (AS) has emerged as a new therapeutic alternative for these tumors, with excellent oncological results, lower complication rates, and which could help reduce economic costs. However, despite the encouraging results of AS, its implementation in practice depends on many aspects including the radiological characteristics of the tumor, the clinical characteristics of the patient, psychosocial factors and socioeconomic factors. In this review we will focus on describing the evidence accumulated to date regarding the natural history of PTC kinetics, cost effectiveness of VA, and current limitations to its implementation.

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Introducción y objetivos: Un porcentaje no despreciable de pacientes incluidos en programas de vigilancia activa (VA) para el cáncer de próstata (CaP) de bajo y muy bajo riesgo son reclasificados en la biopsia confirmatoria o desarrollan progresión de la enfermedad durante el seguimiento. Nuestro objetivo es evaluar el papel del PCA3 y el SelectMDx, de manera individual y combinada, para predecir la progresión patológica (PP) en un programa habitual de VA.Materiales y métodosEstudio prospectivo y observacional que incluyó 86 pacientes inscritos en un protocolo de VA desde 2009 hasta 2019, con resultados de PCA3 y SelectMDx previos al diagnóstico de CaP o durante su periodo de confirmación. Se realizaron análisis univariantes y multivariantes para la correlación de las puntuaciones de PCA3 y SelectMDx, así como de las variables clinicopatológicas con la supervivencia libre de progresión patológica (SLPP). Se definieron los puntos de corte más fiables para ambos biomarcadores en el contexto de VA.ResultadosSelectMDx mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas en relación con la SLPP (HR: 1,035; IC95%: 1,012-1,057) (p=0,002) con un índiceC de 0,670 (IC95%: 0,529-0,810) y un AUC de 0,714 (IC95%: 0,603-0,825) a 5años. En nuestra serie, el punto de corte más fiable para el SelectMDx fue 5, con una sensibilidad y una especificidad para la PP del 69,8 y del 67,4%, respectivamente. El punto de corte del test PCA3 fue de 65, con una sensibilidad y una especificidad para la PP del 51,16 y del 74,42%, respectivamente. La combinación de ambos biomarcadores no mejoró la predicción de la PP, con un índiceC de 0,630 (IC95%: 0,455-0,805).ConclusionesEn el contexto del CaP de bajo o muy bajo riesgo, SelectMDx >5 predijo una supervivencia libre de PP de 5años con una capacidad de discriminación moderada, superando al PCA3. La combinación de ambos no mejoró los resultados. (AU)

Introduction and objectives: A not negligible percentage of patients included in active surveillance (AS) for low and very low risk prostate cancer (PCa) are reclassified in the confirmatory biopsy or have disease progression during follow-up. Our aim is to evaluate the role of PCA3 and SelectMDx, in an individual and combined way, in the prediction of pathological progression (PP) in a standard AS program.Materials and methodsProspective and observational study comprised of 86 patients enrolled in an AS program from 2009 to 2019, with results for PCA3 and SelectMDx previous to PCa diagnosis or during their confirmatory period. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to correlate PCA3 and SelectMDx scores as well as clinical and pathological variables with PP-free survival (PPFS). The most reliable cut-offs for both biomarkers in the context of AS were defined.ResultsSelectMDx showed statistically significant differences related to PPFS (HR: 1.035; 95%CI: 1.012-1.057) (P=.002) with a C-index of 0.670 (95%CI: 0.529-0.810) and AUC of 0.714 (95%CI: 0.603-0.825) at 5years. In our series, the most reliable cut-off point for SelectMDx was 5, with a sensitivity and specificity for PP of 69.8% and 67.4%, respectively. Same figure for PCA3 was 65, with a sensitivity and specificity for PP of 51.16% and 74.42%, respectively. The combination of both biomarkers did not improve the prediction of PP, C-index 0.630 (95%CI: 0.455-0.805).ConclusionsIn the context of low or very low risk PCa, SelectMDx >5 predicted 5years PP free survival with a moderate discrimination ability outperforming PCA3. The combination of both tests did not improved outcomes. (AU)

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