RESUMEN

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la influencia del bienestar espiritual en la gratitud, el perdón y la resiliencia en estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Lima. Se utilizó un diseño explicativo con variables latentes. La muestra estuvo conformada por 957 estudiantes universitarios (29.5 % varones y 70.5 % mujeres, de 13 universidades (públicas 22.36 % y privadas 77.64 %) de Lima Metropolitana. Se utilizaron la Escala de Bienestar Espiritual (SWBS), la Escala de Disposición al Perdón (TFS), la Escala de Gratitud (EG) y la Escala Breve de Resiliencia (EBR). Entre los hallazgos se encontró que el modelo estimado con el método DWLS permite señalar que el bienestar espiritual tiene efectos directos sobre el perdón, la gratitud y la resiliencia. A su vez, la covarianza entre perdón y gratitud fue .090 (p > .05), entre perdón y resiliencia de .236 (p < .01), y entre gratitud y resiliencia fue igual a .122 (p < .01). Se discuten las implicancias de los resultados.

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a influência do bem-estar espiritual na gratidão, perdão e resiliência em estudantes universitários da cidade de Lima. Foi utilizado um desenho explicativo com variáveis latentes. A amostra foi composta por 957 estudantes universitários (29,5 % homens e 70,5 % mulheres) de 13 universidades (22,36 % públicas e 77,64 % privadas) de Lima Metropolitana. Foram utilizadas a Escala de Bem-Estar Espiritual (SWBS), a Escala de Disposição ao Perdão (TFS), a Escala de Gratidão (EG) e a Escala Breve de Resiliência (EBR). Entre os achados, encontrou-se que o modelo estimado com o método DWLS permite indicar que o bem-estar espiritual tem efeitos diretos sobre o perdão, gratidão e resiliência. Por sua vez, a covariância entre perdão e gratidão foi de .090 (p > .05), entre perdão e resiliência de .236 (p < .01) e entre gratidão e resiliência foi igual a .122 (p < .01). As implicações dos resultados foram discutidas.

This study aimed to determine the influence of spiritual well-being on gratitude, forgiveness, and resilience in university students in the city of Lima. An explanatory design with latent variables was used. The sample consisted of 957 university students (29.5 % men and 70.5 % women from 13 universities (22.36% public and 77.64 % private)), from Metropolitan Lima. The Spiritual Wellbeing Scale (SWBS), the Trait Forgivingness Scale (TFS), the Gratitude Scale (GS), and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) were used. Among the findings, it was found that the model estimated with the DWLS method allows us to point out that spiritual well-being directly affects forgiveness, gratitude, and resilience. In turn, the covariance between forgiveness and gratitude was .090 (p > .05), the covariance between forgiveness and resilience was .236 (p < .01), and the covariance between gratitude and resilience was equal to .122 (p < .01). The implications of the results have been discussed.

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RESUMEN Objetivo: Colombia cuenta con una legislación de control del tabaco desde 2009 sin embargo, no existe una regulación específica sobre los Sistemas Electrónicos de Administración de Nicotina (SEAN), por lo tanto, es vital caracterizar las dimensiones cualitativas de consumo. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las prácticas y representaciones de los consumidores de SEAN con el fin de obtener elementos para orientar las acciones necesarias para prevenir su consumo. Materiales y métodos: Este artículo presenta los resultados identificados en el componente cualitativo de una investigación macro sobre la prevalencia del uso de SEAN entre estudiantes universitarios. Se realizaron 14 entrevistas individuales y 1 grupo focal, analizados con el software NVivo10®. Resultados: Se presentan como resultados principales la identificación de las prácticas de consumo, de las cuales se derivó que el núcleo central de la representación social sobre SEAN es no autónomo, lo que posibilita un cambio que desincentive su consumo; el sistema periférico de la representación está conformado por tres elementos: la dimensión social, el consumo de SEAN como estilo de vida y la dimensión corporal y emocional. Conclusiones: Se concluye que las acciones de prevención de consumo de SEAN deben partir de la identificación de características particulares y exclusivas del consumo de SEAN y la incorporación de los elementos del sistema periférico que permitan abordar un consumo que no se basa en la toma de decisiones informadas.

ABSTRACT Objective: Colombia has had a tobacco control legislation since 2009, however there is no specific regulation on Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS). Therefore, it is crucial to characterize the qualitative dimensions of consumption. The study aimed to answer the question: What are the representations and practices of the university population regarding the consumption of SEAN? The objective of the study is to identify the practices and representations of ENDS consumers in order to obtain elements to guide the necessary actions to prevent their consumption. Methods: This paper presents the results identified in the qualitative component of a main study on the prevalence of ENDS use among university students. 14 individual interviews and 1 focus group were conducted and analyzed with the NVivo10® software. The corpus consisted of the transcripts of the 14 interviews and 1 focus group, which constitutes a total of 116 pages of raw data. The techniques used were semi-structured interviews and focus groups, using the Microsoft Teams platform. Taking into account ethical aspects, in each interview and in the focus group the informed consent was read and authorization was requested for the interview to be recorded. The average duration of each interview was one hour and forty-five minutes and the focus group lasted a total of 120 minutes. The capture of practices and representation related to the use/non-use of SEAN was achieved by incorporating two phases of analysis: a)Inductivephase: it was developed with an ordered matrix on the theoretical categories of the project, b)Phase of deductive analysis was carried out based on processes typical of the founded theory that allowed expanding the analytical framework having as its axis the identification of consumption practices and the elements that make up the central core and the peripheral system of representation. Results: The main results are the identification of consumption practices, from which it was derived that the central nucleus of the social representation of SEAN is non-autonomous, which enables a change that discourages its consumption. The reasons and practices for consuming ENDS are closely related to conventional cigarette consumption, which corresponds to the fact that 11 of the 14 interviewees who identify themselves as consumers have consumed conventional cigarettes and only two have been exclusive ENDS consumers. The following practices were identified: a) The consumption motivations were grouped like social, economic and socio-emotional; b) Three types of consumption spaces: prohibited, exclusive and recovered spaces. These last ones are places where you couldn't smoke cigarettes and now they feel empowered to vape; c) There are forms of differential consumption and access to ENDS related to the quality, price, exclusivity and adherence; d) Habits and rituals are not related to moments of daily life, as with cigarettes, but to practices such as searching for and mixing "salts" to obtain flavors, cleaning and maintaining the device, smoking tricks; e) About information channels among the interviewees it was noted that the practice of informed consumption is not frequent and that there are few sources of information that offer low confidence. Finally, the peripheral system of representation is made up of three elements: social dimension, the consumption of SEAN as a lifestyle, bodied and emotional dimension. Conclusion : It is concluded that the actions to prevent the consumption of ENDS should start from the identification of particular and exclusive characteristics of the consumption of ENDS and the incorporation of the elements of the peripheral system that allow addressing a consumption not based on making informed decisions. The main finding is the identification of a non-autonomous representation that stems from the difficulty of establishing notable differentiations between conventional cigarette consumption and e-cigarettes. Therefore, the main vein of research that opens up is to delve into the particular and exclusive characteristics of this consumption. It is essential to incorporate bodily, emotional, and especially social (interpersonal) dimensions as important variables in understanding the practices and representations of e-cigarettes through complex approaches that can break the solid elements on which conventional cigarette consumption is anchored, as it continues to define dynamics of electronic device consumption. It is important at this point to recognize that emotions can be understood as the intermediary between the lived experience in the body and everything that happens in the environment. Thus, it is not possible to think of this representation without recognizing that consumption is an embodied exercise, and the absence of the body in discourses about e-cigarettes can be a revealing element of a disconnection between practices and meanings that are reinforced in the insistence on an action (smoking is smoking) despite the recognition of its negative effects on health (even though it should not be). The understanding of the social representation of e-cigarette consumption in relation to specific practices related to it provides some clues on which to work on processes of information, communication, prevention, and regulation to discourage this consumption that appears relatively new.

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Resumen El objetivo de este estudio consistió en explicar en qué medida la resiliencia y las estrategias de afrontamiento influyeron en la salud mental positiva de jóvenes mexicanos universitarios que vivieron la pandemia de COVID-19. La muestra se conformó por 1042 universitarios mexicanos de 18 a 24 años de edad (M = 20.5 DS = 1.9). El 78.4 % son mujeres (817). Se aplicaron en formato online los instrumentos: Mental Health Continuum-Short Form, Escala de Resiliencia, Escala de Afrontamiento y Escala de miedo al COVID-19. Se obtuvo un modelo con índices de bondad de ajuste satisfactorios (X 2 = 532.913, df = 114, X 2 /df = 4.6, SRMR = .053, RMSEA = .059, CFI = .927, p = .001), en el cual la resiliencia y el afrontamiento funcional son factores importantes que influyen en SMP, por lo que son variables que deben considerarse en los programas de intervención psicológica para la promoción de la salud de los jóvenes universitarios.

Abstract The objective of this study was to explain to what extent resilience and coping strategies influenced the positive mental health of young Mexican university students who have experienced the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample was made up of 1.042 Mexican university students between 18 and 24 years of age (M = 20.5 SD = 1.9). 78.4% are women (817). The instruments: Mental Health Continuum-Short Form, Resilience Scale, Coping Scale and Fear of COVID-19 Scale were applied in online format. A model was obtained with satisfactory goodness-of-fit indices (X2 = 532.913, df = 114), resilience and functional coping are important factors that influence SMP, so they are variables that should be considered in psychological intervention programs to promote the health of university students.

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Resumen Introducción: Existe un creciente interés en la relación entre la orientación sexual de una persona y su bienestar subjetivo, por el vínculo de dicha orientación con diversas esferas de la vida, como apoyo social, salud y satisfacción vital. Sin embargo, la investigación sobre la relación entre estas variables en función de la orientación sexual es escasa en población universitaria. Este estudio examina la asociación entre el apoyo de familia, amistades y otras personas con la satisfacción vital, de forma directa y mediada por la salud autopercibida; se comparan estas relaciones en estudiantes universitarios heterosexuales y lesbianas, gays, bisexuales y de otras orientaciones no heterosexuales (LGB+) en Chile. Método: La muestra (n = 525) respondió un cuestionario en línea con preguntas sociodemográficas, sobre apoyo social percibido, salud autopercibida y satisfacción vital. Los datos se analizaron utilizando un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales y análisis multigrupo. Resultados: El apoyo familiar se asoció positivamente con la satisfacción vital, directamente y mediado por la salud autopercibida, tanto en estudiantes heterosexuales como LGB+; el apoyo de amigos y de otras personas mostró asociaciones diferenciadas por orientación sexual. Sin embargo, este modelo fue estadísticamente similar para ambos grupos. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos destacan la relevancia de distintos tipos de apoyo social en la satisfacción vital de estudiantes universitarios según su orientación sexual.

Abstract Introduction: The literature shows an increasing interest in the relationship between individuals' sexual orientation and their subjective well-being, linking the former to various spheres of life, such as social support, health, and life satisfaction. However, research on the impact of sexual orientation in the relationship between subjective well-being variables is scarce in the university population. This study examined the associations between support from family, friends and other people with life satisfaction, directly and mediated by self-perceived health, comparing these relationships in heterosexual and lesbian, gay, bisexual and other non-heterosexual (LGB+) university students in Chile. Method: The sample (n = 525) answered an online questionnaire with sociodemographic questions about perceived social support, self-perceived health, and life satisfaction. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and multigroup analysis. Results: Family support was positively associated with life satisfaction, directly and mediated by self-perceived health, in both heterosexual and LGB+ students; support from friends and others showed differential associations by sexual orientation. However, the proposed model was statistically similar for both groups. Conclusion: These findings highlight the relevance of different types of support on the life satisfaction of university students according to their sexual orientation.

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Resumo A autoeficácia dos docentes e seu acesso a recursos podem influenciar a transição do ensino presencial para o ensino remoto emergencial. Este estudo objetivou construir e verificar evidências de validade das escalas de Autoeficácia e Acesso a Recursos de Docentes do Ensino Superior que passaram pela transição para aulas remotas. As escalas foram construídas e submetidas à validação semântica e por juízes. A coleta de dados foi realizada a distância com 135 professores. Foram realizadas análises descritivas, exploratórias e confirmatórias. Ambas as escalas apresentaram cargas fatoriais acima de 0,4. A escala de Autoeficácia docente apresentou-se unifatorial com bom índice de consistência interna (α = 0,95) e bons indicadores de ajuste (x 2 : 256,794; df: 131; CMIN/DF: 1,96; GFI: 0,89; RMSR: 0,05; CFI: 0,93; TLI: 0,91; RMSEA: 0,07). A escala de acesso a recursos apresentou-se com dois fatores e obteve bons índices de consistência interna (α entre 0,80 e 0,88) e bons indicadores de ajuste (x 2 : 67,99; df: 31; CMIN/DF: 2,19; GFI: 0,90; RMSR: 0,12; CFI: 0,94; TLI: 0,92; RMSEA: 0,094). Este estudo amplia o conhecimento a respeito da transição do ensino presencial para o ensino remoto, e traz implicações práticas que poderão auxiliar no planejamento e desenvolvimento das ações educacionais.

Abstract Teachers' self-efficacy and access to resources can influence the transition to emergency remote teaching. This study aimed to build and verify validity evidences of the Self-Efficacy and Access to Resources scales of Higher Education Teachers who underwent the transition to remote classes. The scales were constructed and submitted to semantic and expert validation. Data collection was carried out remotely with 135 teachers. Descriptive, exploratory and confirmatory analyzes were carried out. Both scales presented factor loadings above 0.4. The Teacher Self-Efficacy scale was unifactorial with a good internal consistency index (α = 0.95) and good adjustment indicators (x2: 256.794; df: 131; CMIN/DF: 1.96; GFI: 0.89; RMSR: 0.05; CFI: 0.93; TLI: 0.91; RMSEA: 0.07). The access to resources scale had two factors and obtained good internal consistency indexes (α between 0.80 and 0.88) and good adjustment indicators 67.99; df: 31; CMIN/DF: 2.19; GFI: 0.90; RMSR: 0.12; CFI: 0.94; TLI: 0.92; RMSEA: 0.094). This study expands knowledge regarding the transition from face-to-face teaching to remote teaching, and brings practical implications that may help in the planning and development of educational actions.

Resumen La autoeficacia de los docentes y el acceso a los recursos pueden influir en la transición a la enseñanza remota de emergencia. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo construir y verificar evidencias de validez de las escalas de Autoeficacia y Acceso a Recursos de Profesores de Educación Superior que atravesaron la transición a clases remotas. Las escalas fueron sometidas a validación semántica y de expertos. La recolección de datos se realizó de forma remota con 135 docentes. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, exploratorios y confirmatorios. Ambas escalas presentaron cargas factoriales superiores α 0,4. La escala de Autoeficacia Docente fue unifactorial, con buen índice de consistencia interna (α = 0,95) y buenos indicadores de ajuste (x2: 256,794; gl: 131; CMIN/DF: 1,96; GFI: 0,89; RMSR: 0,05; CFI: 0,93; TLI: 0,91; RMSEA: 0,07). La escala de Acceso a Recursos tuvo dos factores y obtuvo buenos índices de consistencia interna (α entre 0,80 y 0,88) y buenos indicadores de ajuste X 67,99; df: 31; CMIN/DF: 2,19; GFI: 0,90; RMSR: 0,12; CFI: 0,94; TLI: 0,92; RMSEA: 0,094). Este estudio amplía el conocimiento sobre la transición de la enseñanza presencial a la enseñanza remota, y aporta implicaciones que pueden ayudar en la planificación y desarrollo de acciones educativas.

RESUMEN

Los estilos de vida son patrones de hábitos y comportamientos que repercuten en la salud y el bienestar de una persona. Objetivo: Determinar los hábitos de vida de los estudiantes universitarios peruanos y su influencia en su salud física, mental y bienestar emocional. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico en enero de 2020 en una universidad pública de Lima. Se administró un cuestionario de estilos de vida a 199 estudiantes de cinco carreras profesionales. La confiabilidad del cuestionario se estableció mediante el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, el cual fue de 0,9, indicando una alta consistencia interna en cada una de las dimensiones evaluadas. Además, se garantizó el cumplimiento de estrictas normas éticas durante el estudio. Resultados: Del total de la población estudiantil, el 53,26% presentó un estilo de vida no saludable y el 46,73% un estilo de vida saludable, destacando en nutrición y relaciones interpersonales, no así en actividad física y cuidado de la salud. Los estudiantes de Tecnología Médica y Enfermería son más saludables que los de Medicina y Obstetricia. Conclusiones: La adopción de estilos de vida poco saludables puede comprometer seriamente la salud física, mental y social de los estudiantes. Los que muestran comportamientos poco saludables en ámbitos como la responsabilidad por la salud y la actividad física corren el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades no transmisibles. Por otro lado, las escuelas que se inclinan por prácticas saludables tienen el potencial de influir positivamente en la salud de sus alumnos, a diferencia de las que no fomentan estos hábitos

Lifestyles are patterns of habits and behaviors that impact a person's health and well-being. Objective: To determine the lifestyle habits of Peruvian university students and their influence on their physical, mental, and emotional health. Materials and Methods: An analytical crosssectional study was conducted in January 2020 at a public university in Lima. A lifestyle questionnaire was administered to 199 students from five professional programs. The reliability of the questionnaire was established using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which was 0.9, indicating high internal consistency across all evaluated dimensions. Additionally, strict ethical standards were adhered to during the study. Results: Of the total student population, 53.26% had an unhealthy lifestyle and 46.73% had a healthy lifestyle, excelling in nutrition and interpersonal relationships, but not in physical activity and health care. Medical Technology and Nursing students were healthier than those in Medicine and Obstetrics. Conclusions: The adoption of unhealthy lifestyles can seriously compromise students' physical, mental, and social health. Those who exhibit unhealthy behaviors in areas such as health responsibility and physical activity are at risk of developing non-communicable diseases. On the other hand, schools that promote healthy practices have the potential to positively influence their students' health, unlike those that do not encourage these habits

Os estilos de vida são padrões de hábitos e comportamentos que afetam a saúde e o bem-estar de uma pessoa. Objetivo: Determinar os hábitos de vida dos estudantes universitários peruanos e sua influência na saúde física, mental e bem-estar emocional. Materiais e Métodos: Um estudo transversal analítico foi realizado em janeiro de 2020 em uma universidade pública de Lima. Um questionário de estilo de vida foi administrado a 199 estudantes de cinco cursos profissionais. A confiabilidade do questionário foi estabelecida pelo coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, que foi de 0,9, indicando alta consistência interna em cada uma das dimensões avaliadas. Além disso, garantiu-se o cumprimento de normas éticas rigorosas durante o estudo. Resultados: Do total da população estudantil, 53,26% apresentaram um estilo de vida não saudável e 46,73% um estilo de vida saudável, destacando-se em nutrição e relacionamentos interpessoais, mas não em atividade física e cuidados com a saúde. Os estudantes de Tecnologia Médica e Enfermagem são mais saudáveis do que os de Medicina e Obstetrícia. Conclusões: A adoção de estilos de vida pouco saudáveis pode comprometer seriamente a saúde física, mental e social dos estudantes. Aqueles que exibem comportamentos pouco saudáveis em áreas como responsabilidade pela saúde e atividade física correm o risco de desenvolver doenças não transmissíveis. Por outro lado, as escolas que se inclinam para práticas saudáveis têm o potencial de influenciar positivamente a saúde de seus alunos, ao contrário daquelas que não promovem esses hábitos

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RESUMEN

Este estudio partió de una caracterización nutricional en atletas, atendidos desde el punto de vista académico y científico por la Universidad Técnica "Luis Vargas Torres", de Ecuador. Llamó la atención a entrenadores y profesores de este centro pedagógico deportivo que, a pesar de contar con las condiciones básicas adecuadas para la práctica del deporte, se mostraron resultados deportivos desfavorables. Entre los datos recogidos en el estudio exploratorio (encuesta a entrenadores y entrevista a directivos y profesores) se destacó el insuficiente régimen dietético nutricional recibido por los deportistas. Se planteó como objetivo proponer un conjunto de recomendaciones nutricionales que permita perfeccionar las estrategias dietéticas que necesitan los atletas para mantenerse en un estado óptimo en su práctica deportiva y su salud. El diagnóstico, se sustentó en la medición y análisis estadísticos como la correlación de intensidad (Sprints) e ingesta de carbohidratos y la correlación intensidad e ingesta de proteínas. Después de analizar los resultados, se diseñaron y establecieron un grupo de recomendaciones dietéticas enfocadas en mejorar la situación formativa deportiva. Se sugiere que futuras investigaciones profundicen en esta área, para validar y mejorar el marco analítico propuesto.

Este estudo partiu de uma caracterização nutricional em atletas, atendida do ponto de vista acadêmico e científico pela Universidade Técnica "Luis Vargas Torres", do Equador. Chamou a atenção dos treinadores e professores deste centro pedagógico desportivo que, apesar de apresentarem as condições básicas adequadas à prática desportiva, apresentavam resultados desportivos desfavoráveis. Dentre os dados coletados no estudo exploratório (pesquisa com treinadores e entrevistas com dirigentes e professores), destacou-se o insuficiente regime alimentar nutricional recebido pelos atletas. O objetivo foi propor um conjunto de recomendações nutricionais que permitissem aperfeiçoar as estratégias alimentares que os atletas necessitam para se manterem num estado óptimo na sua prática desportiva e saúde. O diagnóstico foi baseado em medidas e análises estatísticas como a correlação de intensidade (Sprints) e ingestão de carboidratos e a correlação de intensidade e ingestão de proteínas. Após a análise dos resultados, foi desenhado e estabelecido um conjunto de recomendações dietéticas focadas na melhoria da situação do treino desportivo. Sugere-se que pesquisas futuras se aprofundem nesta área, para validar e aprimorar o arcabouço analítico proposto.

This study is based on a nutritional characterization of athletes, attended from an academic and scientific point of view by the Luis Vargas Torres Technical University, of Ecuador. It draws the attention of coaches and teachers of this sports pedagogical center that, despite having the appropriate basic conditions for the practice of sports, unfavorable sports results are shown. Among the data collected in the exploratory study (survey of coaches and interviews with managers and teachers), the insufficient nutritional dietary regimen received by athletes was highlighted. The objective was to propose a set of nutritional recommendations that allow perfecting the dietary strategies that athletes need to remain in an optimal state in their sports practice and health. The diagnosis was based on measurement and statistical analysis such as the correlation of intensity (Sprints) and carbohydrate intake and the correlation of intensity and protein intake. After analyzing the results, a group of dietary recommendations focused on improving the sports training situation are designed and established. It is suggested that future research delve into this area, to validate and improve the proposed analytical framework.

RESUMEN

Los estilos de vida son patrones de hábitos y comportamientos que repercuten en la salud y el bienestar de una persona. Objetivo: Determinar los hábitos de vida de los estudiantes universitarios peruanos y su influencia en su salud física, mental y bienestar emocional. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico en enero de 2020 en una universidad pública de Lima. Se administró un cuestionario de estilos de vida a 199 estudiantes de cinco carreras profesionales. La confiabilidad del cuestionario se estableció mediante el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, el cual fue de 0,9, indicando una alta consistencia interna en cada una de las dimensiones evaluadas. Además, se garantizó el cumplimiento de estrictas normas éticas durante el estudio. Resultados: Del total de la población estudiantil, el 53,26% presentó un estilo de vida no saludable y el 46,73% un estilo de vida saludable, destacando en nutrición y relaciones interpersonales, no así en actividad física y cuidado de la salud. Los estudiantes de Tecnología Médica y Enfermería son más saludables que los de Medicina y Obstetricia. Conclusiones: La adopción de estilos de vida poco saludables puede comprometer seriamente la salud física, mental y social de los estudiantes. Los que muestran comportamientos poco saludables en ámbitos como la responsabilidad por la salud y la actividad física corren el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades no transmisibles. Por otro lado, las escuelas que se inclinan por prácticas saludables tienen el potencial de influir positivamente en la salud de sus alumnos, a diferencia de las que no fomentan estos hábitos.

Lifestyles are patterns of habits and behaviors that impact a person's health and well-being. Objective: To determine the lifestyle habits of Peruvian university students and their influence on their physical, mental, and emotional health. Materials and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2020 at a public university in Lima. A lifestyle questionnaire was administered to 199 students from five professional programs. The reliability of the questionnaire was established using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which was 0.9, indicating high internal consistency across all evaluated dimensions. Additionally, strict ethical standards were adhered to during the study. Results: Of the total student population, 53.26% had an unhealthy lifestyle and 46.73% had a healthy lifestyle, excelling in nutrition and interpersonal relationships, but not in physical activity and health care. Medical Technology and Nursing students were healthier than those in Medicine and Obstetrics. Conclusions: The adoption of unhealthy lifestyles can seriously compromise students' physical, mental, and social health. Those who exhibit unhealthy behaviors in areas such as health responsibility and physical activity are at risk of developing non-communicable diseases. On the other hand, schools that promote healthy practices have the potential to positively influence their students' health, unlike those that do not encourage these habits.

Os estilos de vida são padrões de hábitos e comportamentos que afetam a saúde e o bem-estar de uma pessoa. Objetivo: Determinar os hábitos de vida dos estudantes universitários peruanos e sua influência na saúde física, mental e bem-estar emocional. Materiais e Métodos: Um estudo transversal analítico foi realizado em janeiro de 2020 em uma universidade pública de Lima. Um questionário de estilo de vida foi administrado a 199 estudantes de cinco cursos profissionais. A confiabilidade do questionário foi estabelecida pelo coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, que foi de 0,9, indicando alta consistência interna em cada uma das dimensões avaliadas. Além disso, garantiu-se o cumprimento de normas éticas rigorosas durante o estudo. Resultados: Do total da população estudantil, 53,26% apresentaram um estilo de vida não saudável e 46,73% um estilo de vida saudável, destacando-se em nutrição e relacionamentos interpessoais, mas não em atividade física e cuidados com a saúde. Os estudantes de Tecnologia Médica e Enfermagem são mais saudáveis do que os de Medicina e Obstetrícia. Conclusões: A adoção de estilos de vida pouco saudáveis pode comprometer seriamente a saúde física, mental e social dos estudantes. Aqueles que exibem comportamentos pouco saudáveis em áreas como responsabilidade pela saúde e atividade física correm o risco de desenvolver doenças não transmissíveis. Por outro lado, as escolas que se inclinam para práticas saudáveis têm o potencial de influenciar positivamente a saúde de seus alunos, ao contrário daquelas que não promovem esses hábitos.

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l estrés académico puede presentarse en estudiantes sometidos a diversas exigencias y requisitos universitarios, provocando diferentes reacciones de estrés, físicas, psicológicas y comportamentales, reduciendo su calidad de vida y provocando consecuencias como: depresión, tristeza, fatiga y dolores de cabeza, afectando su estado nutricional. Se investigó la relación entre ingesta de alimentos y estrés académico en estudiantes del cuarto semestre de la Licenciatura en Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua. La población de estudio, dado el carácter piloto de la investigación, se realizó mediante muestreo simple, aleatorio, sin reemplazo, con un diseño mixto, descriptivo, comparativo y transversal, utilizándose el cálculo del tamaño muestral con un intervalo de confianza de 95%, resultando N=117; 51 hombres y 66 mujeres entre 19 y 43 años de la generación 2019, a quienes se les aplicó el inventario SISCO de estrés académico. Se encontró mayor frecuencia en situaciones que provocan preocupación y nerviosismo, sobrecarga de tareas y trabajo, inquietud, problemas de concentración, fatiga crónica y apatía. Las estrategias más utilizadas fueron: desarrollo de planes y ejecución de tareas y capacidad asertiva. El 92.2% (n=108) de la población encuestada manifestó preocupación y nerviosismo, resultando 52,1% (n=61) en mujeres y 40.1% (n=47) en hombres. El 38.5% (n=45) de las mujeres entre 21 y 43 años, muestran una mayor relación entre aumentar o reducir el consumo de alimentos en correspondencia con sentimientos de depresión y tristeza. El estrés académico, suele estar relacionado con diferentes manifestaciones psicológicas, físicas y conductuales, que pueden influir directamente en la población estudiantil, afectando gravemente sus hábitos alimenticios y nutricionales

Academic stress can occur in students subjected to various university demands and requirements, causing different, causing different physical, psychological and behavioral reactions. Reducing quality of life and causing consequences such as: depression, sadness, fatigue and headaches, affecting their nutritional status. The relationship between food intake and academic stress was investigated in students in the fourth semester of the Bachelor of Medicine at the Autonomous University of Chihuahua. The study population, given the pilot nature of the research, was carried out through simple, random sampling, without replacement, with a mixed, descriptive, comparative and transversal design, using the sample size calculation with a 95% confidence interval resulting in N=117; 51 men and 66 women between the ages of 19 and 43, from the 2019 generation, to whom the SISCO inventory of academic stress was applied. A greater frequency was found in situations that cause worry and nervousness, overload of tasks and work, restlessness, concentration problems, chronic fatigue and listlessness. The most used strategies were plan development and execution of tasks and assertive ability. 92.2% (n=108) of the surveyed population expressed concern and nervousness, in 52.1% (n=61) women and 40.1% (n=47) men. The 38.5% (n=45) of women between 21 and 43 years old show a greater relationship between increasing or reducing food consumption in correspondence with feelings of depression and sadness. Academic stress is usually related to different psychological, physical and behavioral manifestations, which can directly influence the student population, seriously affecting their eating and nutritional habits

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Abstract The Irritable Bowel Syndrome is a functional gastrointestinal disorder associated with stress that may occur in the academic context, given that students are exposed to high demands during their education process which can lead to the development of diseases. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation and predictive value between the Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) with stress in dentistry students at a public university in Mexico, taking into account the gender variable. The design is cross-sectional with 740 dental students. Nowack's Stress Profile was used as well as the ROMA III criteria to identify IBS. Multiple lineal regression models were built, in which the dependent variable was IBS and the independent ones were the stress profile variables and group data. Such models were built independently for each sex and their results were compared. The IBS model in males was significant in the following variables: IBS=- 1.454 (problem concentration) + .315 (negative valuation) - .390 (social support network) + .513 (type A behavior) - .464 (rest/sleep), with a strength of R 2 = .685; F=75.72; p < .01 which explains 68% of the variance; and for females it was: ISB = - .041 (positive valuation) - .082 (eating habits/nutrition) with a strength of R 2 = .643; F = 42.69; p < .01, which explains 64% of the variance. The comparative analysis determined that male dental students are at a greater risk of developing IBS due to stress. Therefore, programs aimed at a timely identification of the stress risk variables would be recommended to prevent consequences to the health, inadequate academic performance and wellbeing of dental students in Mexico.

Resumen El síndrome del intestino irritable es un trastorno gastrointestinal funcional asociado al estrés que puede presentarse en un contexto educativo, dado que los estudiantes están expuestos a exigencias del entorno académico durante su proceso de formación que pueden derivar en el desarrollo de enfermedades. El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la correlación y los valores predictivos entre el Síndrome de Intestino Irritable (SII) con el estrés, teniendo en cuenta la variable género, en estudiantes mexicanos de odontología en una universidad pública. El diseño fue transversal con 740 estudiantes de odontología. Se utilizó el Perfil de Estrés de Nowack y los criterios ROMA III para identificar el SII. Se construyeron modelos de regresión lineal múltiple donde la variable dependiente fue el SII y las independientes fueron las variables del Perfil de estrés. Tales modelos fueron construidos para cada sexo y se compararon sus resultados. El modelo para SII en los hombres fue significativo en las siguientes variables: SII = - 1.454 (concentración del problema) + .315 (valoración negativa) - .390 (red de apoyo social) + .513 (conducta tipo A) - .464 (descanso/sueño), con una fuerza de R 2 = .685; F = 75.72; p < .01 explicando el 68% de la varianza; y para las mujeres fue: ISB = - .041 (valoración positiva) - .082 (alimentación/nutrición) con una fuerza de R 2 = .643; F = 42.69; p < .01 explicando el 64% de la varianza. El análisis comparativo determinó que los hombres estudiantes de odontología tienen mayor riesgo de desarrollar SII por estrés, por lo que se recomienda establecer programas dirigidos a la identificación oportuna de variables en situación de riesgo para estrés, buscando evitar sus consecuencias para la salud y el inadecuado desempeño académico en estudiantes mexicanos de odontología.

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Resumen El juego patológico constituye un grave problema que afecta a toda la población, principalmente a los más jóvenes, considerando la población universitaria la menos investigada. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo general caracterizar la dependencia al juego y las apuestas en línea en estudiantes de la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana seccional Bucaramanga, así como identificar las variables sociodemográficas y presencia de dependencia al juego en la población estudiada. La metodología utilizada en el estudio fue de enfoque cuantitativo de tipo no experimental, con un diseño de corte transversal y descriptivo y con un tipo de muestreo no probabilístico. Se obtuvo la participación de 366 estudiantes mayores de edad de pregrado y posgrado. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Cuestionario Breve del Juego Patológico (CBJP), la versión colombiana del Cuestionario del Juego Patológico de South Oaks (SOGS) y un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos. El análisis de los datos se hizo a través del software SPSS versión 27. Entre los resultados, se destaca que, de los 366 participantes, 110 apuestan en línea, y de estos, aproximadamente, el 30 % tienen posibles problemas de adicción al juego, según el CBJP; con el SOGS se muestra que el 31,8 % son probables jugadores patológicos. Hay mayor prevalencia del juego y apuestas en línea en hombres, y se destaca que la mayoría de las mujeres tienen ausencia de problemas con el juego; por el contrario, en hombres hay una prevalencia en algún problema con el juego.

Abstract Pathological gambling is a serious problem affecting the entire population, especially the youngest, considering the university population the least studied. The general objective of this study was to characterize gambling dependence and online betting on students of the Pontificia Bolivariana University, Bucaramanga sectional, as well as identify the sociodemographic variables and presence of dependence on gambling in the population studied. The methodology used in this study was a quantitative approach of non-experimental type, a cross-sectional and descriptive design, with a non-probabilistic type of sampling. The participation of 366 adult undergraduate and graduate students was obtained. The instruments used were the Pathological Gambling Brief Questionnaire (CBJP), the Colombian version of the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) and a questionnaire of sociodemographic data. The data analysis was done through the SPSS version 27 software. Among the results, it is highlighted that, of the 366 participants, 110 of these bets online, and approximately 30% have possible pathological gambling according to CBJP, with the SOGS it is shown that 31,8% are probable pathological players; There is a higher prevalence of online gambling and betting in men, it's highlighted that most women have no problems with gambling, on the contrary, in men, there's a prevalence in some problems with gambling.

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Resumen Objetivo: Construir un modelo de relacionamiento entre variables de estrés, afrontamiento académico y ansiedad con el rendimiento académico y el posible impacto de variables de control sociodemográficas en estudiantes universitarios de la Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó "Diego Luis Córdoba". Metodología: La investigación fue de naturaleza cuantitativa, de corte analítico-transversal, que mediante un modelo de estructura de covarianza se evalúa un modelo causal sobre la influencia del estrés en el rendimiento académico. La muestra se seleccionó mediante muestreo por conveniencia, estuvo conformada por 292 estudiantes (57 % mujeres, 42,8 % hombres), con edades entre 16 a 48 años, matriculados en programas de pregrado en la Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó Diego Luis Córdoba. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que las variables de control, edad, semestre cursado y estrato tienen influencia en el rendimiento académico. En cuanto al neuroticismo y el psicoticismo se afirma que influyen negativamente en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes a un nivel de confianza del 99,9 % y son negativos por su coeficiente negativo (-0,217). Conclusiones: De acuerdo con los análisis realizados sobre la evaluación del estrés académico y sus efectos sobre el rendimiento en estudiantes universitarios, se evidenció que los estudiantes que dependen económicamente de sus padres presentan mejor rendimiento académico en comparación con los que subsisten con rentas propias. Por su parte, el análisis entre el sexo y el promedio académico, evidenció que estas variables se encuentran correlacionadas, por ello las mujeres de este estudio presentan mejores promedios académicos que los hombres con unas desviaciones estándar (0,44, 0,46) mostrando poca dispersión de los datos entre los promedios.

Abstract Objective: To construct a model of relationship between stress, academic coping and anxiety variables with academic performance and the possible impact of sociodemographic control variables in university students of the Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó "Diego Luis Córdoba". Methodology: The research was of a quantitative nature, analytical-transversal cut, which by means of a covariance structure model evaluates a causal model on the influence of stress on academic performance. The sample was selected by convenience sampling and consisted of 292 students (57 % female, 42,8 % male), aged between 16 and 48 years, enrolled in undergraduate programs at the Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó Diego Luis Córdoba. Results: The results obtained show that the variables of control, age, semester studied and stratum have an influence on academic performance. Regarding neuroticism and Psychoticism it is stated that they have a negative influence on the academic performance of students at a confidence level of 99,9 % and are negative because of their negative coefficient (-0,217). Conclusions: According to the analyses carried out on the evaluation of academic stress and its effects on performance in university students, it was evident that students who depend economically on their parents present better academic performance compared to those who subsist on their own income. On the other hand, the analysis between sex and academic average showed that these variables are correlated; therefore, the women in this study presented better academic averages than the men with standard deviations (0,44, 0,46) showing little dispersion of the data between the averages.

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El síndrome del Burnout es un estado de agotamiento físico y emocional que implica una pérdida del interés en el trabajo, actitudes negativas hacia los demás, y baja autoestima. Las habilidades emocionales se definen como capacidades para conocer y dominar emociones propias y de otros/as. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar la relación entre los niveles de habilidades emocionales y síndrome de Burnout en docentes universitarios de escuelas de Educación Física. Se evaluaron a 31 docentes universitarios de dos universidades de Santiago de Chile. Se aplicó la Escala de rasgo de metaconocimiento emocional validada en estudiantes de Educación Física de Chile y el inventario de Burnout de Maslach (MBI). Los resultados revelan una relación baja y negativa entre los puntajes de despersonalización y reparación emocional en la muestra. El sexo del docente, los años de docencia universitaria, tener cargos directivos o estar en tratamiento psicológico o farmacológico no influyen en los niveles de estrés laboral y habilidades emocionales. Se recomienda replicar esta investigación con muestras de docentes universitarios de escuelas de Educación Física en otras universidades, además del control de otras variables como ansiedad, depresión, motivación, etc.

Burnout syndrome is a state of physical and emotional exhaustion that involves a loss of interest in work, negative attitudes towards others, and low self-esteem. Emotional skills are defined as the ability to recognize and manage one's own emotions and the emotions of others. The aim of the present research was to analyze the relationship between levels of emotional skills and Burnout syndrome in university professors from Physical Education schools. A total of 31 university professors from two universities in Santiago, Chile, were evaluated. The Trait Meta-Mood Scale, validated in Physical Education students in Chile, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were employed. The results reveal a low and negative relationship between depersonalization and emotional repair scores in the sample. The professor's gender, years of university teaching experience, holding managerial positions, or undergoing psychological or pharmacological treatment do not influence levels of occupational stress and emotional skills. It is recommended to replicate this research with samples of university professors from Physical Education schools in other universities, controlling other variables such as anxiety, depression, motivation, etc.

A síndrome o Burnout é um estado de esgotamento físico e emocional que implica uma perda do interesse no trabalho, atitudes negativas para com os outros, e baixa auto-estima. A habilidades emocionais é definida como capacidade para conhecer e dominar emoções próprias e de outros/as. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi analisar a relação entre os níveis de habilidades emocionais e síndrome de Burnout em docentes universitários de Educação Física. Foram avaliados 31 docentes universitários de duas universidades de Santiago do Chile. Foi aplicada a Escala de rasgo de meta-conhecimento emocional validada em estudantes de Educação Física do Chile e o inventário de Burnout de Maslach (MBI). Os resultados revelam uma relação baixa e negativa entre as pontuações de despersonalização e reparação emocional na amostra. O sexo do docente, os anos de ensino universitário, ter cargos directivos ou estar em tratamento psicológico ou farmacológico não influem nos níveis de stress laboral e habilidades emocionais. Recomenda-se replicar esta pesquisa com amostras de docentes universitários de escolas de Educação Física em outras universidades, além do controle de outras variáveis como ansiedade, depressão, motivação, etc.

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Las competencias ciudadanas se pueden describir como aquellas herramientas que orientan y forman a los ciudadanos de manera integral. En el contexto de la Educación Física, existen escasos estudios abordando esta temática, y tampoco se encontraron instrumentos validados en dicha población. Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron: a) Conocer las propiedades Psicométricas del cuestionario de Competencias Ciudadanas en una muestra de estudiantes de Educación Física y b) determinar la autopercepción de los niveles de competencias ciudadanas en los estudiantes de Pedagogía Educación Física de una universidad de Santiago de Chile. Metodología: cuantitativa, no experimental de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por 201 estudiantes de ambos sexos de primer a quinto año de la carrera de Pedagogía en Educación Física de una universidad de Santiago de Chile. Los principales resultados arrojan que el instrumento es válido (KMO=0.961 con dos factores que explican el 74,9% de la varianza total) y confiable (α=0.958) para ser utilizado en la muestra, constituida por un total de 16 ítems (14 para Responsabilidad Socio-afectiva y dos para Regulación de convivencia), en cuanto a las comparaciones, las participantes del sexo femenino obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas, así como también las diferencias por curso, siendo los estudiantes de cuarto año quienes presentaron resultados menos favorables. Se concluye que las competencias ciudadanas son relevantes en la formación del profesorado y se propone investigar metodologías experimentales para mejorar las habilidades a través de las clases de Educación Física.

Citizen competences can be described as those tools that guide and educate citizens in a comprehensive manner. In the context of physical education, there are few studies addressing this issue, and no validated instruments were found in this population. The objectives of this study were: a) To know the Psychometric properties of the Citizen Competencies questionnaire in a sample of Physical Education students and b) to determine the self-perception of the levels of citizen competencies in students of Physical Education Pedagogy of a university Santiago de Chile. Methodology: quantitative, not experimental cross-sectional. The sample consisted of 201 students of both sexes from the first to the fifth year of the degree of Pedagogy in Physical Education of a university in Santiago de Chile. The main results show that the instrument is valid (KMO=0.961 with two factors that explain 74.9% of the total variance) and reliable (α=0.958) to be used in the sample, consisting of a total of 16 items (14 for Socio-affective Responsibility and 2 for Coexistence Regulation), in terms of comparisons female participants obtained higher scores, as well as differences by course, fourth-year students presented less favourable results. It is concluded that citizen competencies are relevant in teacher training and proposes to investigate experimental methodologies to improve skills through physical education classes.

As competências dos cidadãos podem ser descritas como os instrumentos que orientam e formam os cidadãos de forma integral. No contexto da Educação Física, existem poucos estudos abordando esta temática, e tampouco se encontraram instrumentos validados nessa população. Os objectivos do presente estudo foram: a) Conhecer as propriedades psicométricas do questionário de Competências Cidadãs numa amostra de estudantes de Educação Física e b) determinar a autopercepção dos níveis de competências cidadãs nos estudantes de Pedagogia Educação Física de uma universidade de Santiago do Chile. Metodologia: quantitativa, não experimental de corte transversal. A mostra foi constituída por 201 estudantes de ambos os sexos do primeiro ao quinto ano da carreira de Pedagogia em Educação Física de uma universidade de Santiago do Chile. Os principais resultados revelam que o instrumento é válido (KMO=0.961 com dois fatores que explicam 74,9% da variância total) e confiável (α=0.958) para ser utilizado na amostra, constituída por um total de 16 itens (14 para Responsabilidade Socioafetiva e 2 para Regulação de convivência), quanto às comparações as participantes do sexo feminino obtiveram pontuações mais altas, assim como as diferenças por curso, Os estudantes do quarto ano apresentaram resultados menos favoráveis. Conclui-se que as competências cidadãs são relevantes na formação de professores e se propõe investigar metodologias experimentais para melhorar as habilidades através das aulas de Educação Física.

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La diversidad cultural es el resultado de un proceso que se conforma en el marco de las relaciones sociales, económicas y culturales. Se hace imprescindible que los profesores universitarios estén preparados para atender la diversidad cultural de sus estudiantes, teniendo en cuenta las particularidades de su cultura nacional y la de otros grupos de diferentes procedencias que coexisten en un mismo escenario educativo. La diversidad cultural es un reto de la comunidad educativa y debe estar contemplada en la formación permanente de los profesores de las universidades médicas fundamentalmente por sus contextos, los ambientes socioeconómicos y los problemas de salud, sobre todo por las enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles debido a su alta prevalencia y su repercusión en el individuo y su familia, en los que influyen los factores de riesgo y las determinantes sociales, condicionados por sus orígenes, creencias, vivencias y representaciones que matizan los contextos interculturales actuales a nivel mundial.

Cultural diversity is the result of a process that is formed within the framework of social, economic and cultural relations. It is essential that university professors are prepared to address the cultural diversity of their students, taking into account the particularities of their national culture and that of other groups of different origins that coexist in the same educational setting. Cultural diversity is a challenge for the educational community and must be considered in the ongoing training of professors at medical universities, fundamentally due to their contexts, socioeconomic environments and health problems, especially chronic non-communicable diseases due to their high prevalence and its impact on the individual and his or her family, influenced by risk factors and social determinants, conditioned by their origins, beliefs, experiences and representations that color current intercultural contexts worldwide.

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INTRODUÇÃO: A percepção e satisfação corporal têm sido amplamente estudadas em diversos públicos, principalmente em estudantes universitários; porém, existem poucas investigações com vegetarianos, sendo assim, torna-se necessário avaliar se o padrão alimentar vegetariano está relacionado com os fenômenos inerentes à imagem corporal. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a percepção e a satisfação corporal entre estudantes universitários vegetarianos. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 123 participantes, no qual foram aplicados o Questionário de Imagem Corporal - BSQ (Body Shape Questionnaire) e a Escala de Silhuetas de Stunkard. RESULTADOS: Os dados mostraram que 86,2% dos participantes eram eutróficos (IMC=22,4±3,3), sendo o score obtido no BSQ foi de 84,6 pontos (±36,0) correspondente à leve insatisfação com a imagem corporal. Cerca de 82,1% dos estudantes se mostravam insatisfeitos com a silhueta, dentre estes, 61,4% desejavam diminuí-la. CONCLUSÃO: O padrão alimentar (ovolactovegetariano, lactovegetariano, vegetariano estrito e vegano) não se relacionou com a insatisfação corporal, mas sim o desejo de ter silhuetas magras que são valorizadas pelo padrão de beleza vigente.

INTRODUCTION: For Body perception and satisfaction have been widely studied among different publics, especially among college students; however, there are few investigations with vegetarians. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate whether the vegetarian eating pattern is related to the phenomena inherent to body image. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate body perception and body satisfaction among vegetarian college students. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study with 123 participants, in which the Body Image Questionnaire (BSQ) and the Stunkard Silhouette Scale were applied. RESULTS: The data showed that 86.2% of the participants were eutrophic (BMI=22.4±3.3), and the score obtained in the BSQ was 84.6 points (±36.0) corresponding to a mild dissatisfaction with body image. About 82.1% of the students were dissatisfied with their silhouette, and 61.4% of them wanted to reduce it. CONCLUSION: Dietary patterns (ovolactovegetarian, lactovegetarian, strict vegetarian, and vegan) were not related to body dissatisfaction, but rather the desire to have thin silhouettes that are valued by the prevailing beauty standard.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La percepción y satisfacción corporal han sido ampliamente estudiadas entre diferentes públicos, especialmente entre estudiantes universitarios; sin embargo, existen pocos estudios sobre vegetarianos, por lo que es necesario evaluar si el patrón alimentario vegetariano está relacionado con los fenómenos inherentes a la imagen corporal. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la percepción corporal y la satisfacción corporal entre estudiantes universitarios vegetarianos. MÉTODO: Se trata de un estudio transversal con 123 participantes, en el que se aplicaron el Cuestionario de Imagen Corporal - BSQ (Body Shape Questionnaire) y la Escala de Siluetas de Stunkard. RESULTADOS: Los datos mostraron que el 86,2% de los participantes eran eutróficos (IMC=22,4±3,3), y la puntuación obtenida en el BSQ fue de 84,6 puntos (±36,0) correspondiente a una insatisfacción leve con la imagen corporal. Alrededor del 82,1% de los estudiantes estaban insatisfechos con su silueta, entre ellos, el 61,4% deseaba reducirla. CONCLUSIÓN: El patrón alimentario (ovolactovegetariano, lactovegetariano, vegetariano estricto y vegano) no estaba relacionado con la insatisfacción corporal, sino con el deseo de tener siluetas delgadas que son valoradas por el estándar de belleza vigente.

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RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir los cambios percibidos en hábitos de alimentación, composición corporal, condición física y psicológica de deportistas universitarios durante la cuarentena por Covid-19 en 2020. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal, de fuente de información secundaria; 403 deportistas universitarios diligenciaron una encuesta en línea en el segundo semestre de 2020. Se utilizó la estadística descriptiva para analizar los datos, para determinar asociación entre las variables de interés: tipo de deporte, sexo y Covid-19 se utilizó la prueba de significancia estadística Chi X2 de Pearson <0,05. Resultados: Del total de deportistas, el 53,3 eran hombres. La mayoría practicaba deportes individuales (55,3 %). Alrededor del 89 % de atletas no presentó Covid-19. El 59,8 % sintió que el peso empeoró, siendo mayor en los deportes individuales (p= 0,005). Una proporción mayor de mujeres recibió asesoría por parte de un entrenador y de redes sociales (62,7 %) y 7 de cada 10 hombres complementaba su entrenamiento con información proveniente de redes sociales (p=0,001). Las características psicológicas fueron las que mostraron mayores diferencias significativas según sexo y el tipo de deporte. Conclusión: La cuarentena por Covid-19 está asociada con cambios desfavorables en los deportistas universitarios; específicamente, se percibieron cambios en los hábitos de alimentación con un aumento en la cantidad de alimentos de baja calidad nutricional y alta densidad calórica, cambios negativos en el peso y peor condición física. Los deportes individuales se vieron más afectados frente a los deportes de conjunto; en lo psicológico se resalta la mala adaptación a la cuarentena con sentimientos de soledad, ansiedad y mal estado de ánimo, donde las mujeres fueron las más afectadas.

ABSTRACT Objetive: Describe the perceived changes in eating habits, body composition, physical and psychological condition of university athletes during the quarantine by Covid-19, in the year 2020. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study, from a secondary data source, 403 universitary athletes answered an online survey on 2020's second semester. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze data, Pearson's Chi X2 <0,05 test was used to determine association between variables of interest: Sport type, sex and Covid-19. Results: The majority practiced individual sports (55.3 %). About 89 % of athletes did not present Covid-19 59.8 % felt that body weight worsened, being higher in individual sports (p= 0.005). Most of the athletes trained for at least one hour a day (81.1 %), a higher proportion of women received advice from a coach and from social networks (62.7 %), while 7 out of 10 men only complemented their training with information from social networks (p=0.001), the type of sport also presented an association in this variable (p=0.024) The psychological characteristics were those that showed the greatest significant differences according to gender and type of sport. Conclusion: The Covid-19 quarantine is associated with unfavorable changes in university athletes, specifically changes in eating habits were perceived with an increase in the amount of foods of low nutritional quality, negative changes in weight, worse physical condition, where the individual sports were more affected compared to group sports, feelings of loneliness, anxiety and bad mood, where women were the most affected.

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Abstract Introduction Suicide is a public health problem with multifactorial etiology affecting all age groups. In Mexico, the suicide rate was 6.5 suicides per 100,000 population in 2021. Objective To determine the predictive factors for suicidal behaviors (SB) in college students in the north-central region of Mexico. Method A descriptive, comparative, analytical study was conducted of 1,147 randomly selected college students. Sociodemographic data, alcohol consumption (AC), perceived stress (PS), social support (SS) and suicidal behavior (SB), suicidal ideation (SI), suicide attempt (SA) and suicide risk (SR) were measured. Data analysis in SPSS included descriptive and inferential statistics. Results The mean age of study participants was 20.2 years, with a female predominance (82.2%). Prevalence rates for SB were 62% for SI, 14.9% for SA, and 18.3% for SR. In regard to predictive factors for SB, risky, harmful, or dependent AC increased SR 1.7-fold [1.071-2.926]. At the same time, not having SS increased the risk of SI, SA, and SR by a factor of 2.4 [1.843-3.246], 2.7 [1.890-4.123], and 3.6 respectively. Higher PS increased the risk of SI, SA, and SR by a factor of 5.6 [4.209-7.538], 3.1[2.103-4.663] and 6.4 [4.184-9.826] respectively. PS and lack of SS predict SB in both sexes and across all states. Discussion and Conclusion The results show the importance of mental health care, in both epidemiologically risky situations and everyday life, together with the early identification, and timely, effective treatment of suicide risk factors in university students.

Resumen Introducción El suicidio, problema de salud pública de etiología multifactorial que afecta a todos grupos de edad. En México, la tasa en 2021 fue de 6.5 suicidios por cada 100,000 habitantes. Objetivo Determinar factores predictores de conductas suicidas (CS) en estudiantes universitarios de la Región Norte-Centro de México. Método Estudio descriptivo, comparativo y analítico, realizado en 1147 estudiantes universitarios, seleccionados aleatoriamente. Se midieron datos sociodemográficos, consumo de alcohol (CA), estrés percibido (EP), apoyo social (AS) y CS (ideación suicida [IS], intento suicida [SA] y riesgo suicida [RS]). Análisis de datos en SPSS, incluyó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados Edad promedio 20.2 años, género femenino 82.2%. En la prevalencia de CS, el 62% mostró IdS, 14.9% con InS, y 18.3% con RS. Respecto a los factores predictores de CS, el CA de riesgo, perjudicial o dependiente aumentó 1.7 [1.071-2.926] veces el RS. Por otra parte, el no contar con AS aumentó 2.4 [1.843-3.246], 2.7 [1.890-4.123], y 3.6 veces el riesgo de IdS, InS y RS respectivamente; a mayor EP, aumentó 5.6 [4.209-7.538], 3.1 [2.103-4.663] y 6.4 [4.184-9.826] veces el riesgo de IdS, InS y RS respectivamente. El EP y la falta AS predicen las CS en ambos géneros y en todos los estados. Discusión y conclusión Los resultados evidencian la importancia del cuidado de la salud mental de manera cotidiana, así como la identificación temprana, tratamiento oportuno y efectivo de factores de riesgo de suicidio en universitarios.

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Objetivo:Avaliar a correlação entre a ansiedade com qualidade do sono e sonolência diurna dos estudantes universitários em curso de graduação em enfermagem, assim como caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico dos estudantes. Metodologia:Estudodescritivo transversalcom abordagem quantitativa envolvendo 255 acadêmicos do curso de Enfermagem de uma instituição privada. A coleta dos dados ocorreu em Outubro de 2022 em salas de aula. Os instrumentos utilizados na coleta dos dados foram o Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck,Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh, Escala de Sonolência de Epwort-th e um questionário sociodemográfico. Utilizou-se o software estatístico R versão 4.0.2 e foram feitas suas correlações. Resultados: Foram encontrados padrões de ansiedade grave, com níveis de sonolência diurna anormal. A correlação entre o Inventário de Ansiedade de Beckcom a Escala de Sonolência de Epworth e o Índice de Qualidade de sono de Pittsburgh, que embora tenha sido considerada fraca a moderada, por sua vez mostrou-se significativa (r=0,29; p=0,01). Ademais, temos que, a relação entre oinventário de Becke o Índice de qualidade de sono de Pittsburgh mostrou-se também com valor de significância (r=0,35; p=0,01). Conclusões:Foi possível compreender que a ansiedade pode interferir na qualidade do sono e sonolência diurna do público de estudantes de Enfermagem (AU).

Objective: To evaluate the correlation between anxiety and sleep quality and daytime sleepiness among undergraduate nursing students, as well as to characterize the students' sociodemographic profile. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study with a quantitative approach involving 255 nursing students from a private institution. Data collection took place in October 2022 in classrooms. The instruments used to collect the data were the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Epwort-Th Sleepiness Scale and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Statistical software R version 4.0.2 was used and correlations were made. Results:Patterns of severe anxiety were found, with abnormal levels of daytime sleepiness. The correlation between the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, although considered weak to moderate, was significant (r=0.29; p=0.01). Furthermore, the relationship between the Beck Inventory and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was also found to be significant (r=0.35; p=0.01). Conclusions:It was possible to understand that anxiety can interfere with the quality of sleep and daytime sleepiness among nursing students (AU).

Objetivo:Evaluar la correlación entre la ansiedad y la calidad del sueño y la somnolencia diurna en estudiantes universitarios de enfermería, así como caracterizar el perfil sociodemográfico de los estudiantes. Metodología:Estudio descriptivo transversal con enfoque cuantitativo en el que participaron 255 estudiantes universitarios de enfermería de una institución privada. La recogida de datos tuvo lugar en octubre de 2022 en las aulas. Los instrumentos utilizados para la recogida de datos fueron el Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck, el Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh, la Escala de Somnolencia de Epwort-Th y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. Se utilizó el software estadístico R versión 4.0.2 y se realizaron correlaciones. Resultados:Se encontraron patrones de ansiedad severa, con niveles anormales de somnolencia diurna. La correlación entre el Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck con la Escala de Somnolencia de Epworth y el Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh, aunque se consideró de débil a moderada, fue significativa (r=0,29; p=0,01). Además, la relación entre el Inventario de Beck y el Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh también resultó significativa (r=0,35; p=0,01). Conclusiones: Se pudo comprender que la ansiedad puede interferir en la calidad del sueño y en la somnolencia diurna de los estudiantes de enfermería (AU).

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BACKGROUND: The increase in the use of psychoactive substances, alcohol and cigarettes in young people has become a public health problem. The identification of factors that increase or reduce the risk of exposure to these substances and the possible relationship between them is essential for planning strategies with a risk approach; hence the reason for this study. The objective was to establish the profile of use of psychoactive substances, alcohol and cigarettes and the factors associated with such use in nursing students of a higher education institution. METHODS: Quantitative, observational, analytical cross-sectional study. RESULTS: We included 310 students from 1 st to 9th semester of a Nursing programme from a private higher education institution in Bogotá. The prevalence of psychoactive substance use in the last year was 2.96% (95%CI, 1.36-5.54), with marijuana being the substance most used (55.55%). The prevalence of alcohol and cigarette use during the last 12 months was estimated at 86.64% (95%CI, 83.24-91.0) and 12.16% (95%CI, 8.43-15.88) respectively. A statistically significant association was found between the use of these substances: alcohol use was associated with cigarette use (OR = 3.22; P = 0.006) and smoking was associated with psychoactive substance use (OR = 15.4; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol use increases the likelihood of smoking cigarettes, and this in turn increases the likelihood of psychoactive substance use, in this university population.

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