RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: High intrarenal pressure (IRP) is a potential risk factor for infectious complications related to URS. Methods to lower IRP have been described. However, it is still not possible to assess live IRP values during URS. The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature regarding endoscopic methods to measure IRP during URS. METHODS: A systematic search and review of Medline, PubMed and Scopus was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta Analysis (PRISMA) checklist and a narrative synthesis of the study results was performed. RESULTS: A total of 19 articles were included in the review. Four non invasive (i.e. endoscopic) methods to measure IRP were reported: ureteral catheter, sensor wire, pressure sensor proximal to an irrigation system and a novel ureteral access sheath that integrates suction, irrigation, and IRP measurement. CONCLUSIONS: We provide here a comprehensive overview of the reported clinical measuring systems of IRP during URS. The ideal system has not been developed yet, but urologists will be able to measure IRP during their daily practice soon. The implications of having this type of data during surgery remains unknown. Systems that could integrate irrigation, suction, IRP and temperature seems to be ideal.
Asunto(s)
Uréter , Ureteroscopía , Invenciones , Riñón , Presión , Uréter/cirugía , Ureteroscopía/métodos , HumanosRESUMEN
Siblings of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) present greater susceptibility to developmental problems, in comparison with siblings of typically developing children. The greater prevalence of mental health disorders among parents of children with ASD increases younger siblings' vulnerability to emotional problems. The aim of this study is to compare the interaction between carers and babies aged 2 to 26 months (M = 11.7, SD = 6.9) who are siblings of children with ASD (ASD dyads) with the interaction of dyads of siblings of typically developing children (TD dyads). The protocol of Clinical Indicators of Risk for Child Development and the Coding Interactive Behaviour measures were used to evaluate interaction. ASD dyads presented higher scores of constriction in their interaction, P = .024, with babies presenting higher scores of withdrawal behavior, P = .003, and carers presenting higher scores of depressive mood, P = .008, when compared to TD dyads. The ASD dyads have interactive impairments more frequently than do the TD dyads.
Trasfondo: Los hermanos de niños con trastornos dentro de la gama del autismo (ASD) presentan una mayor susceptibilidad a problemas del desarrollo, en comparación con los hermanos de niños que se desarrollan de una manera típica. La mayor prevalencia de trastornos de salud mental entre padres de niños con ASD aumenta la vulnerabilidad de los hermanos más jóvenes a problemas emocionales. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar la interacción entre cuidadores y bebés de edad entre 2 y 26 meses (Media: 11.7 meses/ SD: 6.9) hermanos de niños con ASD (díadas ASD), con las interacción de díadas de hermanos de niños que se desarrollan típicamente (díadas TD). Método: Para evaluar la interacción se usó el protocolo de los Indicadores Clínicos de Riesgo para el Desarrollo del Niño y la Codificación Interactiva de Conducta. Resultados: Las díadas ASD presentaron puntuaciones más altas de constricción en su interacción (p = 0.024), con los bebés que presentaron más altas puntuaciones de conducta de despego (p = 0.003) y los cuidadores que presentaron más altas puntuaciones de estados de ánimo depresivos (p = 0.008) cuando se les comparó con las díadas TD. Conclusiones: Las díadas ASD tienen impedimentos interactivos más frecuentemente que las díadas TD.
Contexte: Les frères et sÅurs d'enfants avec des troubles du spectre autistique (TSA) présentent une plus grande susceptibilité à des problèmes comportementaux, comparés aux frères et sÅurs d'enfants se développant typiquement. La plus grande prévalence de troubles de santé mentale avec les parents d'enfants avec TSA augmente la vulnérabilité aux problèmes émotionnels des jeunes frères ou sÅurs. Le but de cette étude est de comparer l'interaction entre les parents ou personnes prenant soin des enfants et les bébés âgés de 2 à 26 mois (Moyenne: 11, 7 mois/ DS: 6,9), frères et sÅurs d'enfants avec des TSA (dyades-TSA), avec l'interaction de dyades de frères et sÅurs d'enfants se développant typiquement (dyades-DT). Méthode: Le protocole d'Indicateurs Cliniques de Risque pour le Développement de l'Enfant et le Codage des Comportements Interactifs ont été utilisés pour évaluer l'interaction. Résultats: les dyades TSA ont présenté des scores plus élevés de constriction (p = 0,024) de leur interaction avec les bébés présentant des scores de comportement de retrait (p = 0,003) et les personnes prenant soin des enfants ont présenté des scores plus élevés d'humeur dépressive (p = 0,008) quand comparées aux dyades-DT. Conclusions: Les dyades-TSA ont des insuffisances interactives plus fréquemment que les dyades-DT.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno del Espectro Autista , Desarrollo Infantil , Relaciones Familiares/psicología , Padres/psicología , Hermanos/psicología , Adulto , Trastorno del Espectro Autista/epidemiología , Trastorno del Espectro Autista/psicología , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Hijo de Padres Discapacitados , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Prevalencia , Problema de Conducta/psicologíaRESUMEN
Eugenia malaccensis L. (Syzygium malaccensis Merr.& Perry), denominada comumente de jambo vermelho, é uma espécie arbórea de ocorrência comum no Brasil e faz parte das plantas medicinais do Estado de Alagoas. Estudos químicos anteriores com E. malaccensis foram realizados com plantas coletadas na Ásia, Oceania e na América Central. Este trabalho descreve o estudo químico do extrato etanólico das folhas e cascas de um espécimem coletado no Estado de Alagoas, Brasil. Considerando-se a escassa literatura sobre o potencial moluscicida e larvicida dessa espécie, buscou-se testar estas atividades contra caramujos Biomphalaria glabrata Say, e frente às larvas do mosquito Aedes aegypti L. Os extratos etanólicos da casca do caule e das folhas foram inativos frente às larvas de Aedes aegypti na concentração de 500 μg/mL, porém, ativos contra Biomphalaria glabrata (CL50 = 42,53 e 41,90 mg/mL, respectivamente). O estudo químico levou ao isolamento e identificação de 5,7,3',4',5'-penta-hidroxi-flavonol (1), 5,7,3',5'-tetra-hidroxi-4'-metoxi-flavonol (2), ácido 3,4,5-tri-hidroxibenzóico (3) e ácido 3-acetil-urs-12-en-28-óico (4) das folhas e da casca do caule. O composto 4 é isolado pela primeira vez no gênero Eugenia. As estruturas desses compostos foram estabelecidas através de estudos no IV, de RMN ¹H e 13C e comparação com dados da literatura.
Eugenia malaccensis L. (Syzygium malaccensis Merr. & Perry), popularly known in Brazil as jambo vermelho, is a very common tree and one of the medicinal plants of Alagoas State, Brazil. Previous chemical studies with E. malaccensis have been carried out with native plants from Asia, Oceania, and Central America. This work describes the chemical study of E. malaccensis L., a specimen collected in Alagoas State. Considering that studies on the molluscicidal and larvicidal potential of E. malaccensis were not reported, this work aimed to test its molluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria glabrata snails and larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti mosquitos. The ethanolic stem bark and leaf extracts were inactive towards Aedes aegypti larvae. The ethanolic stem bark and leaf extract were active against Biomphalaria glabrata with CL50 = 42.53 and 41.90 mg/mL, respectively. 5,7,3',4',5'-Penta-hydroxy-flavonol (1), 5,7,3',5'-tetra-hydroxy-4'-methoxy-flavonol (2), 3,4,5-tri-hydroxybenzoic acid (3) and 3-acetyl-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (4) were isolated and identified from the leaves and stem bark. The acid 3b-O-acetyl-urs-12-en-28-oic is for the first time isolated from the genus Eugenia. The structures of the compounds have been established by IR, ¹H and 13C NMR spectral analysis and by comparison with literature data.