RESUMEN

Purpose: This study investigated the fracture resistance and failure modes of custom-fabricated post- and core dental restorations using various CAD/CAM materials. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five mandibular second premolars were allocated to five groups (n = 15) and prepared for standardized post and core restorations. The groups included a control group comprising cast metal and four CAD/CAM materials: Vita Enamic, Shofu HC, Trilor, and PEKK. Fracture resistance was assessed using a compressive force at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until failure occurred. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square tests. Results: The metal group had the highest fracture resistance (244.41 ± 75.20 N), with a significant variance compared to that in the CAD/CAM groups (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed among the non-metallic groups. Conclusions: While several CAD/CAM materials displayed satisfactory flexural properties, cast metal posts showed superior fracture resistance in endodontically treated teeth but were mostly associated with catastrophic failure. The clinical application of CAD/CAM materials for post-core restorations presents a viable alternative to traditional metal posts, potentially reducing the risk of unfavorable fractures.

RESUMEN

 The use of propensity score methods has become ubiquitous in causal inference. At the heart of these methods is the positivity assumption. Violation of the positivity assumption leads to the presence of extreme propensity scoreweights when estimating average causal effects, which affects statistical inference. To circumvent this issue, trimming or truncating methods have been widely used. Unfortunately, these methods require that we pre-specify a threshold. There are anumber of alternative methods to deal with the lack of positivity when we estimate the average treatment effect (ATE). However, no other methods exist beyond trimming and truncation to deal with the same issue when the goal is to estimate theaverage treatment effect on the treated (ATT). In this article, we propose a propensity score weight-based alternative for the ATT, called overlap weighted average treatment effect on the treated. The appeal of our proposed method lies in its abilityto obtain similar or even better results than trimming and truncation while relaxing the constraint to choose an a priori threshold (or related measures). The performance of the proposed method is illustrated via a series of Monte Carlo simulationsand a data analysis on racial disparities in health care expenditures.

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Non-vital teeth usually exhibit substantial loss of coronal and radicular tooth structure, and use of posts after root canal treatment is controversial. This review examined whether placement of posts influences clinical behavior and survival probability of endodontically treated teeth (ETT). METHODS: An electronic search, without time restrictions, for publications written in English was undertaken in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Terms related to four main components (endodontically treated teeth, fixed prosthesis, post restoration, and survival rate) were used for the database search strategies. RESULTS: 57 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis. Of the publications chosen for qualitative analysis, 17 clinical studies (11 prospective and 6 retrospective studies) were found to be suitable for quantitative analysis. These studies included 7,278 patients (7,330 ETT), with a mean age ± standard deviation (SD) of 45.46 ± 12.1 years. There was a statistically significant difference in survival rate between ETT with or without posts (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: As compared with teeth with no posts, post placement on ETT may improve clinical performance and survival probability of endodontically treated teeth.

RESUMEN

Plasma-activated water (PAW) is a novel antimicrobial agent with negligible toxicity and environmental burden, holding promise as an alternative to chemical disinfectants and antibiotics. In practice, liquid disinfectants are often soaked with cotton materials before further use. Rich in reducing functional groups on the surface, cotton will inevitably react with PAW, leading to the deterioration of PAW's functions. To resolve this issue, this work proposes a new concept of "secondary activation" for retaining and enhancing PAW's bioactivity, i.e., pre-treating cotton with air plasma before soaking PAW. For the first time, we find that the PAW absorbed by raw cotton completely loses its bactericidal effect, while plasma-treated cotton (PTC) restores the disinfection capacity and prolongs its effective duration. This restoration is attributed to the absorption of plasma-generated reactive species by cotton with oxidizing and nitrifying modifications on the fiber surface. Consequently, the concentrations of aqueous species in PAW increase rather than decrease after absorption by PTC. In addition, the PTC after 28-day storage can still enable PAW to achieve a bacterial reduction of ∼3 logs. This work identifies and addresses a crucial limitation in the disinfection application of PAW and elucidates the mechanism underlying PTC production and secondary activation of PAW.

RESUMEN

The aim of the study was to collect data about the prevalence and risk factors of apical periodontitis in a population of endodontically treated patients. The study group included 151 patients (52 males, 99 females; mean age 48.36 ± 15.708 yrs.) with 391 endodontically treated teeth (mean follow-up of 5.25 ± 1.759 yrs.). According to the initial tooth diagnosis, root-filled teeth were divided into Group A, root-filled teeth treated for pulpitis or for the purpose of prosthetic pulpectomies (vital pulp group), and Group B, root-filled teeth with non-vital pulp (necrotic pulp). Clinical and radiographic evaluation of the root and its periapical area were performed to establish the success/failure of endodontic therapy, the quality of the root canal fillings (length, density, taper), and coronal restoration. The presence of recurrent caries, periodontal pathology, or endo-periodontal lesions were also recorded. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the risk factors for apical periodontitis and calculate their odds ratios (ORs). For the root-filled vital pulp tooth group, the highest risks for apical periodontitis are associated with inadequate homogeneity (OR 30.938), periodontitis (OR 9.226), and over-filling (OR 8.800). For the root-filled non-vital pulp tooth group, the highest risks are associated with periodontitis (OR 4.235) and age over 60 yrs. (OR 4.875). For the necrotic pulp tooth group, multivariate analysis identified an age > 60 yrs., filled molars, intracanal posts, poor coronal restoration quality, under-filling, and periodontitis as significant combined risk factors. Inadequate root canal filling and periodontitis in both groups were risk factors associated with most cases of apical periodontitis. Other risk factors include age > 60 yrs., poor coronal restoration quality, and the presence of intracanal posts in root-filled teeth with necrotic pulp.

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Although sleep duration and sleep quality are considered to be significant factors associated with epilepsy and seizure risk, findings are inconsistent, and their joint association remains uncertain. This study aimed to determine independent and joint associations of these two modifiable sleep features with seizure recurrence risk in newly treated patients with epilepsy (PWE). METHODS: This is a prospective cohort study of newly treated PWE at a comprehensive epilepsy center in northeast China between June 2020 and December 2023. Self-reported sleep duration and sleep quality were collected at baseline. All patients were followed for 12 months for recurrent seizures. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) of seizure recurrence. Models fitted with restricted cubic spline were conducted to test for linear and nonlinear shapes of each association. RESULTS: A total of 209 patients were included, and 103 experienced seizure recurrence during follow-up. Baseline short sleep was significantly associated with greater risk of seizure recurrence (adjusted HR = 2.282, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.436-3.628, p < .001). Sleep duration (h/day) and recurrent seizure risk showed a significant nonlinear U-shaped association, with a nadir at 8 h/day. Baseline poor sleep quality was significantly associated with greater risk of seizure recurrence (adjusted HR = 1.985, 95% CI = 1.321-2.984, p < .001). Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score and seizure recurrence risk exhibited a positive linear association. Participants with a combination of poor quality-short sleep showed the highest risk of seizure recurrence (adjusted HR = 3.13, 95% CI = 1.779-5.507, p < .001) compared to the referent good quality-intermediate sleep group. SIGNIFICANCE: Baseline sleep duration and sleep quality were independently and jointly associated with risk of seizure recurrence in newly treated PWE. Our results point to an important potential role of baseline sleep duration and sleep quality in shaping seizure risk.

RESUMEN

Background: The rapid spread of pyrethroid resistance has led to a change in strategy, going from pyrethroid-based nets to PBO + pyrethroid-treated nets. Although these new nets may significantly improve the control of pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes, their durability in the field remain not yet well documented. This study investigates the durability and washing resistance of Olyset-Plus nets in the city centre and rural areas of Bertoua, Cameroon. In each site, a semi-structured questionnaire was administered to at least 190 households with an Olyset-Plus net. Factors such as net use, physical integrity and bioefficacy were recorded. Bioassays were conducted on the collected nets to assess their bioefficacy and resistance to washing. They were tested against wild Anopheles gambiae sensus lato (s.l.). Unused nets and the Kisumu strain were used as controls. Washing and cone testing of the nets was carried out according to standard WHO protocols. Results: A high rate of net use by children was recorded in the urban area (89.1% (106/119)) compared to the rural area (39.7% (118/297)). The majority of Olyset-Plus nets inspected 82.2% (162/197) in the rural area and 88% (206/234) in the urban centre were in good condition (Hole Index<64). Only 5.6% and 6.8% of nets were badly torn in rural and urban sites respectively. Nets were washed more regularly in the urban centre. 88.1% of urban dwellers reported having washed their nets at least once compared to only 62% of rural dwellers. Bioefficacy tests with nets indicated a mortality rate ranging from 66% for unwashed nets to 86.7% for nets washed at least once. Bioefficacy varied significantly in the city of Bertoua according to net washing frequency, soaking time, soap type and drying location, whereas in the rural village, only washing(washed or unwashed) and soaking status (soaked or unsoaked) significantly influenced the bioefficacy of Olyset-Plus nets. Conclusions: This study revealed different handling practices of bed nets in rural and urban settings which could significantly affect Olyset-Plus nets bio-efficacy and durability. Routine monitoring and sensitization of communities to best practices concerning bed nets usage and handling during mass distribution might enhance the net durability in the community.

RESUMEN

This paper examines the impact of biopolymers on hydraulic conductivity of soils, representing a key parameter for many environmental and geotechnical applications. The complexity of this relationship is compounded by researchers employing diverse approaches and presentation formats, resulting in apparent inconsistencies. However, this review intends to address these challenges by identifying various categories of biopolymers that influence the hydraulic conductivity and discuss the recent research findings. By elucidating the diverse impacts of these biopolymers on hydraulic conductivity, this review offers valuable insights into the historical development and origins of soils treated with hydraulic conductivity modifying biopolymers. It not only traces the evolution and background of these treatments but also identifies areas of conflicting evidence and ongoing debate in the field. In the overall, this review is an essential resource for engineers and researchers working in the geotechnical field, by providing a nuanced understanding of the intricate dynamics between biopolymers and soil hydraulic conductivity. The newly developed multi-variable functions can be systematically utilized to predict the hydraulic conductivity of soils treated with biopolymers, commonly encountered in various geotechnical and environmental engineering applications.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: A quasi-experimental comparative trial will be designed in Burkina Faso. The study will compare the use and preferences for two groups types of insecticide-treated nets textile: polyester-based and polyethylene-based, according to their use and preferences in selected health districts. These health districts will be selected in three eco-climate zones (Sahelian, dry savannah and wet savannah) in the country. These findings will inform decisions on future net procurements for national malaria control programme in 2025. METHODS: Quantitative surveys and qualitative data collection will be carried out to gather information on the type of net textile most commonly used and preferred by the community. They will be performed between the end of the dry season and the early rainy season. The quantitative surveys involved household interviews with households and individuals' questionnaires, while the qualitative data collection involved in-depth individual interviews and focus group discussions to explore and clarify some key evaluation criteria. A total of 9450 insecticide-treated nets were surveyed for quantitative survey purposes. For the qualitative study, 48 in-depth individual interviews and 12 focus group discussions were carried out. A mixed model approach combining the results from quantitative surveys and qualitative studies will be used for decision-making on the type of insecticide-treated net preference. CONCLUSION: This methodological approach will be used by the National Malaria Control Programme to conduct this study on determinants of net use in Burkina Faso in order to provide robust evidence across diverse settings. This mixed-methods approach for data collection and analysis could be used in other countries to provide evidence that would help to increase the uptake of insecticide-treated nets, the main vector control tool in Africa.

Asunto(s)

Composición Familiar , Mosquiteros Tratados con Insecticida , Malaria , Control de Mosquitos , Burkina Faso , Malaria/prevención & control , Humanos , Control de Mosquitos/métodos , Control de Mosquitos/estadística & datos numéricos , Mosquiteros Tratados con Insecticida/estadística & datos numéricos , Polietileno , Poliésteres , Toma de Decisiones , Textiles , Encuestas y Cuestionarios

RESUMEN

Objective: To evaluate and synthesize evidence on the impact of educational interventions for individuals with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, five electronic databases (Scopus, PubMed, Medline, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, and Web of Science) were systematically searched in February 2024. The search focused on studies published between 2019 and 2024 that investigated the impact of educational interventions on individuals with insulin-treated T2DM. Reference lists of the included studies were also manually searched. Titles and abstracts were screened for eligibility, and relevant full texts were assessed. Results: Out of 1,032 identified records, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. According to the data synthesized using a convergent integrated analysis framework, five major themes have emerged: 1) Glycemic control (including subthemes improving HbA1C, decreasing postprandial plasma glucose, and decreasing fasting plasma glucose), 2) Insulin-related complications (including subthemes reducing hypoglycemic events and reducing the size of lipohypertrophy), 3) Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (including subthemes engaging in self-management, improving insulin injection technique, improving knowledge, and improving attitude toward insulin treatment), 4) Optimal dose of insulin, and 5) Improving quality of life. Conclusion: Educational interventions are crucial for improving diabetes-related outcomes and reducing complications in individuals with insulin-treated T2DM. These interventions enhance knowledge, attitudes, and self-management practices, leading to better glycemic control and quality of life. Healthcare settings should develop and provide tailored educational programs for individuals with insulin-treated T2DM to optimize outcomes and minimize complications.

RESUMEN

The increasing salinity and alkalinity of soils pose a global challenge, particularly in arid regions such as Tunisia, where about 50% of lands are sensitive to soil salinization. Anthropogenic activities, including the use of treated wastewater (TWW) for irrigation, exacerbate these issues. Haloalkaliphilic bacteria, adapted to TWW conditions and exhibiting plant-growth promotion (PGP) and biocontrol traits, could offer solutions. In this study, 24 haloalkaliphilic bacterial strains were isolated from rhizosphere sample of olive tree irrigated with TWW for more than 20 years. The bacterial identification using 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the haloalkaliphilic isolates, capable of thriving in high salinity and alkaline pH, were primarily affiliated to Bacillota (Oceanobacillus and Staphylococcus). Notably, these strains exhibited biofertilization and enzyme production under both normal and saline conditions. Traits such as phosphate solubilization, and the production of exopolysaccharide, siderophore, ammonia, and hydrogen cyanide were observed. The strains also demonstrated enzymatic activities, including protease, amylase, and esterase. Four selected haloalkaliphilic PGPR strains displayed antifungal activity against Alternaria terricola, with three showing tolerances to heavy metals and pesticides. The strain Oceanobacillus picturea M4W.A2 was selected for genome sequencing. Phylogenomic analyses indicated that the extreme environmental conditions probably influenced the development of specific adaptations in M4W.A2 strain, differentiating it from other Oceanobacillus picturae strains. The presence of the key genes associated with plant growth promotion, osmotic and oxidative stress tolerance, antibiotic and heavy metals resistance hinted the functional capabilities might help the strain M4W.A2 to thrive in TWW-irrigated soils. By demonstrating this connection, we aim to improve our understanding of genomic fitness to stressed environments. Moreover, the identification of gene duplication and horizontal gene transfer events through mobile genetic elements allow the comprehension of these adaptation dynamics. This study reveals that haloalkaliphilc bacteria from TWW-irrigated rhizosphere exhibit plant-growth promotion and biocontrol traits, with genomic adaptations enabling their survival in high salinity and alkaline conditions, offering potential solutions for soil salinization issues.

Asunto(s)

Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S , Microbiología del Suelo , Aguas Residuales , Aguas Residuales/microbiología , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Salinidad , Rizosfera , Bacterias/genética , Bacterias/clasificación , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Bacterias/metabolismo , Agricultura/métodos , Túnez , Adaptación Fisiológica , Olea/microbiología , Genoma Bacteriano

RESUMEN

Biofouling in membrane distillation (MD) has several repercussions, including reduced efficiency of the MD process and limiting membrane life. Additionally, the evaluation of MD biofouling using treated effluents from wastewater treatment plants remains an unexplored area. Thus, biofouling formation and development in a long term MD process (15 days) using treated effluent from a wastewater treatment plant was explored in this study. The results revealed that flux decline occurred in four phases: i) initial decline (0-1 d), ii) gradual decline (1-5 d), iii) progressive decline (5-10 d), and iv) rapid decline (10-15 d). Liquid Chromatography-Organic Carbon Detection (LC-OCD) analysis demonstrated that the treated effluent contained humic-like substances, which deposited on the membrane surface in phase 1. Whereas biopolymers development on the membrane surface in phase 2 and 3 was linked to biofouling. Microbial community analysis revealed that the initial colonisers were predominantly thermophilic bacteria, which were different from the microbial community of the treated effluent. The biofilm-forming bacteria included Schlegelella, Meiothermus, and Vulcaniibacterium. These microorganisms proliferate and release excessive extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), leading to the development of mature biofilm on membrane surface. This helped in the deposition of organics and inorganics from the bulk feed, which led to microbial community succession in phase 4 with the emergence of the Kallotenue genus. The results suggested that organic substances and microbial communities on membrane surface at different stages in a long-term MD process had a significant influence on MD performance for high-quality wastewater reuse.

RESUMEN

TRIAL DESIGN: This is a randomized, controlled, superiority, double-blinded, parallel-group, two-arms trial with an allocation ratio of 1:1. This study aimed to assess whether the cavity design could affect the clinical performance of the CAD/CAM generated indirect resin composite restoration in endodontically treated teeth (ETT) evaluated using the Modified USPHS criteria after a two-year follow up. METHODS: A total of 30 participants who underwent endodontic treatment for MOD cavities in permanent molars were divided randomly into two parallel groups (n = 30 restorations) according to the performed cavity design to group 1 in which there was no cuspal reduction (inlay) and group 2 in which cuspal reduction was performed (overlay). All pulp chambers were filled with bulk fill flowable composite, and the cavities were prepared following the criteria of the cavities for indirect restorations and restored using nano-hybrid composite resin blocks (Brilliant, Coltene, Switzerland). The restorations were evaluated using the modified USPHS criteria at baseline, six months, one-year and two years follow-up visits. For qualitative data, frequencies (n) and percentages (%) were used to display the data, while mean and standard deviation (SD) were used for quantitative data. The normality of the data was evaluated using the Shapiro-Wilk and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. For every test, P ≤ 0.05 was used as the significance threshold. RESULTS: Twenty-six individuals completed the follow-up period after receiving the assigned intervention.The inter-group comparison showed that, at the 6- months and 12- months observation points, the overlay design had significantly better marginal adaptation, less incidence of discoloration or tooth/restoration fracture, and similar marginal integrity and caries incidence to the inlay design. After 24- months, the overlay design still had better marginal adaptation, less incidence of discoloration or tooth/restoration fracture and less caries incidence in comparison to the inlay design, while there was no difference in the marginal integrity between either design. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Cuspal reduction in endodontically treated teeth showed better clinical performance than the cusp preservation thus, the former is more reliable.

Asunto(s)

Resinas Compuestas , Preparación de la Cavidad Dental , Restauración Dental Permanente , Diente no Vital , Humanos , Resinas Compuestas/uso terapéutico , Diente no Vital/terapia , Femenino , Preparación de la Cavidad Dental/métodos , Restauración Dental Permanente/métodos , Masculino , Método Doble Ciego , Adulto , Diente Molar , Diseño Asistido por Computadora , Persona de Mediana Edad

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Baduanjin was also called Eight Brocades (EB), a branch of Qigong exercise, is classified as a mild-to-moderate intensity aerobic exercise. It has been theorized that regular practice of EB can alleviate anxiety and depression in patients undergoing chemotherapy; however, there are currently no comprehensive quantitative reviews on the efficacy of EB for this population. Therefore, this meta-analysis aims to investigate the effects of EB on chemotherapy-treated patients. METHODS: Eight electronic databases were searched from their inception until February 15, 2024, to identify relevant studies. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to filter the retrieved studies. Outcomes were various quantitative assessments. This systematic review was registered in the PROSPERO Registry (registration number CRD42023466630). RESULTS: Nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) met eligibility criteria (n = 704). The meta-analysis results demonstrated that EB significantly reduced levels of anxiety and depression. Subgroup analysis revealed that the intervention frequency of 1 time/day had a greater effect on the improvement of negative emotions, compared with 2 times/day and 5 times/week. The intervention duration of 4 weeks showed more efficacy in reducing depression scores than 12 weeks or 16 weeks; however, no statistical difference was observed for anxiety scores. CONCLUSION: EB exercise can reduce depression and anxiety symptoms in chemotherapy-treated patients. However, the results should be interpreted with caution as existing methodological limitations. The findings provided insights into the development of public health initiatives to improve the negative emotion among chemotherapy-treated patients by EB exercise.

Asunto(s)

Ansiedad , Depresión , Neoplasias , Qigong , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Humanos , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/psicología , Qigong/métodos , Depresión/etiología , Ansiedad/etiología , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , Emociones

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Efficacy of treatment after failure of check point inhibitors (ICI) therapy remains ill-defined in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of cabozantinib after failure of ICI-based therapies. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Patients with mRCC who concluded cabozantinib treatment directly after an ICI-based therapy were eligible. Data was collected retrospectively from participating sites in Germany. INTERVENTIONS: Cabozantinib was administered as a standard of care. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Adverse events (AE) were reported according to CTCAE v5.0. Objective response rate according to RECIST 1.1 and Progression Free Survival (PFS) were collected from medical records. Descriptive statistics and Kaplan-Meyer-plots were utilized. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: About 56 eligible patients (71.4% male) with median age of 66 years and clear cell histology in 66.1% (n = 37) were analyzed. 87.5% (n = 49) had ≥ 2 previous lines. IMDC risk was intermediate or poor in 17 patients (30.4%) and missing in 66.1%. 20 patients (35.7%) started with 60 mg. 55.4% (n = 31) required dose reductions, 26.8% (n = 15) treatment delays and 1.8% (n = 1) treatment discontinuation. Partial response was reported in 10.7% (n = 6), stable and progressive disease were reported in 19.6% (n = 11) and in 12.5% (n = 7). 32 patients were not evaluable (57.1%). Median treatment duration was 6.1 months. Treatment related AE were reported in 76.8% (n = 43) and 19.6% (n = 11) had grade 3-5. Fatigue (26.8%), diarrhea (26.8%) and hand-foot-syndrome (25.0%) were the 3 most frequent AEs of any grade and causality. SAE were reported in 21.4% (n = 12), 2 were fatal. Major limitation was the retrospective data capture in our study. CONCLUSIONS: Cabozantinib followed directly after ICI-based therapy was safe and feasible. No new safety signals were reported. A lower starting dose was frequently utilized in this real-world cohort, which was associated with a favorable tolerability profile. Our data supports the use of cabozantinib after ICI treatment.

Asunto(s)

Anilidas , Carcinoma de Células Renales , Neoplasias Renales , Piridinas , Humanos , Anilidas/efectos adversos , Anilidas/administración & dosificación , Anilidas/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma de Células Renales/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Renales/patología , Masculino , Piridinas/administración & dosificación , Piridinas/efectos adversos , Piridinas/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Anciano , Neoplasias Renales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Renales/patología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Alemania/epidemiología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Supervivencia sin Progresión , Adulto , Resultado del Tratamiento , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/efectos adversos , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/uso terapéutico

RESUMEN

The present study employed powdered activated coke (PAC) for the adsorptive removal of refractory COD from the bio-treated paper wastewater (BTPW). The adsorption reached equilibrium after 3 h, resulting in a decrease in the COD concentration from 98.9 mg L-1 in BTPW to 42.6 mg L-1 when utilizing a PAC dosage of 5 g L-1. The dominant fractions of dissolved organic matter in BTPW were hydrophilic acids (HIA), hydrophilic neutrals (HIN), and hydrophobic acids (HOA), accounting for 48.8%, 34.2%, and 17.0% of the total dissolved organic carbon, respectively. Three fractions were all predominantly composed of humic/fulvic acid-like substances, while the HOA fraction exhibited highest susceptibility to adsorption by PAC, followed by the HIA and HIN fractions. FT-ICR MS data revealed PAC preferentially adsorbed the unsaturated and oxygen-rich substances containing more carboxyl groups. Additionally, the spent PAC was regenerated through ozonation and subsequently utilized in the adsorption cycles. The regeneration was successfully conducted under an ozone concentration of 1 mg L-1 for a duration of 10 min, and the regeneration efficiency remained about 87.0% even after undergoing five-cycle of adsorption-regeneration. The findings of this study demonstrate that PAC adsorption is a viable and efficacious treatment technology for efficiently removing refractory COD from BTPW.

RESUMEN

The purpose of this study was to investigate the fracture behavior of endodontically treated (ET) deciduous molar when directly restored with different restorative materials in Class II (MO) cavities in comparison with permanent teeth. MO cavities were prepared with 2.4-2.5 mm and 1.9-2.0 mm in buccolingual width, and mesiodistal width of each cavity walls, respectively, followed by direct restoration with different materials: resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC), composite resin (CR), and composite resin containing 25% short glass-fiber (SFRC). All specimens were subjected to mechanical loading tests at a speed of 1 mm/min and evaluated fracture resistance and fracture modes. A one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey multiple comparisons analysis was used. Deciduous-SFRC (3,310.5±396.2 N) were significantly higher fracture resistance than permanent-RMGIC (1,633.8±346.8 N) (p<0.001), and permanent-CR (1,400.0±381.3 N) (p<0.001). For the direct restoration of MO cavity after endodontic treatment, SFRC demonstrated its promising performance in load-bearing capacity and failure mode, especially in ET deciduous molars.

RESUMEN

This study evaluates the sustainability of spreading wastewater or sewage sludge on agricultural land, balancing benefits with contamination risks. Conventional ecological risk indices often fail to address the long-term accumulation of metals in soils. We investigate the feasibility of spreading based on current knowledge of potentially contaminating metals and their behavior in soil. We analyzed the speciation of metals (Ag, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Ti, Zn) through sequential extraction in sludge, treated wastewater, and soils after 14 years of application of sewage sludge and treated wastewater issued from an Algerian wastewater treatment plant. We introduce a Time to Critical Content Index (TCCI) that calculates the time required to reach critical levels of potentially mobile metals, considering total metal content and speciation. The TCCI takes into account product knowledge, soil characteristics, metal behavior, ecological/toxicological thresholds, and regulations. Applied to our case study, the TCCI indicates that spreading sewage sludge can continue despite metal contents exceeding regulatory ceiling values. The index serves as a precautionary measure, adaptable to evolving knowledge, providing a comprehensive framework for sustainable agricultural practices.

Asunto(s)

Agricultura , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Metales , Aguas del Alcantarillado , Contaminantes del Suelo , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos , Aguas Residuales , Aguas del Alcantarillado/química , Aguas Residuales/química , Metales/análisis , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodos , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Contaminantes del Suelo/análisis , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Suelo/química , Metales Pesados/análisis

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of integrated personalized diabetes management (iPDM) through telemedicine (tele-iPDM) with regard to glycaemic control. METHODS: A 6-month single-centre, open-label, prospective randomized controlled trial enrolled insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes, aged 18-65 years with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels of 7.5%-10.5%. The tele-iPDM group received insulin adjustment by investigators through a cloud-based telemonitoring platform for 6 months (blood glucose monitoring reviewed weekly from Weeks 0 to 12 and then monthly from Weeks 13 to 24). The control group performed self-monitoring and insulin adjustment. The primary outcome was the difference in HbA1c change from baseline between the two groups at 24 weeks. Secondary outcomes included changes in HbA1c at 12 weeks, fasting plasma glucose, body weight, body mass index (BMI), the percentage of individuals achieving HbA1c <7% at 24 weeks, the percentage of individuals with an HbA1c reduction of >0.5% at 24 weeks, and incidences of hypoglycaemic events. RESULTS: A total of 151 participants were enrolled, with a mean age of 53.36 ± 8.08 years and a mean diabetes duration of 12.38 ± 8.47 years. The baseline HbA1c was 8.47 ± 0.76%. The mean HbA1c decreased from baseline to 12 and 24 weeks in both groups. At 12 weeks, HbA1c reduction from baseline was -1.2% (95%CI -1.42 to -0.98) in the tele-iPDM group and -0.57% (95%CI -0.79 to -0.36) in the control group. The mean difference in HbA1c between the tele-iPDM and usual care groups at 12 weeks was -0.63% (95%CI -0.94 to -0.32; p < 0.001). At 24 weeks, HbA1c reduction from baseline was -1.14% (95%CI -1.38 to -0.89) in the tele-iPDM group and - 0.49% (95%CI -0.73 to -0.25) in the control group. The mean difference in HbA1c between the tele-iPDM and usual care groups was -0.65% (95%CI -0.99 to -0.30; p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in body weight, BMI, or hypoglycaemic events between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Telemonitoring can support the iPDM care model in individuals with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes. It improves the efficiency of diabetes care, enhances glycaemic control at 12 weeks, and sustains glycaemic control at 24 weeks.