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PURPOSE: Although more people from Middle Eastern countries are visiting South Korea for medical treatment, Korean nurses lack experience in treating them. Understanding and describing Korean nurses' experiences can help them provide quality care to these patients by enhancing their competency in culturally appropriate care. This study described the experiences of nurses who provide care to Middle Eastern patients in clinical settings in South Korea. METHODS: We conducted a phenomenological study to describe nurses' experience of caring for patients from Middle Eastern countries. Ten nurses with prior experience in caring for these patients were recruited from a university-affiliated tertiary hospital. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted between May 1 and June 4, 2020. The transcribed data were analyzed using Giorgi's phenomenological method to identify the primary and minor categories representing nurses' experiences. RESULTS: Four major categories (new experiences in caring for culturally diverse patients, challenges in caring for patients in a culturally appropriate manner, nursing journey of mutual agreement with culturally diverse patients, and being and becoming more culturally competent) and 11 subcategories were identified. CONCLUSION: Nurses experience various challenges when caring for Middle Eastern patients with diverse language and cultural needs. However, nurses strive to provide high-quality care using various approaches and experience positive emotions through this process. To provide quality care to these patients, hospital environments and educational programs must be developed that center on field nurses and students and support them in delivering quality care while utilizing their cultural capabilities.

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BACKGROUND: To meet the population's increasing diversity and the health system's needs, it is necessary to prepare nursing schools to produce culturally qualified students. PURPOSE: This study aimed to extract the experiences of nursing educators about the cultural competence of nursing students. METHOD: In this qualitative descriptive study, data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 15 nursing educators affiliated with three medical sciences universities in southeastern Iran. Purposive data sampling and analysis were performed using Graneheim and Lundman's conventional content analysis methods. RESULTS: One main theme, 5 categories, and 18 subcategories were extracted. The main theme was "cultural equality, the essence of care and education". Categories included "Toward culturally-based caring and education", "Charter of cultural rights", "The need for cultural competence facilitators", "Cultural exposure", and "Modifying the curriculum policies". CONCLUSION: This study shows that nursing educators strive to take into account students' cultural competence, even though cultural competence is not explicitly integrated into nursing curricula. The acquisition of cultural competence requires multifaceted changes in education, in clinical centers, and in the creation of cultural infrastructure.

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Introduction: This service-learning, health promotion project used Leininger's Culture Care Theory to engage Baccalaureate Nursing students in a health promotion initiative specific to Hispanic community members. Methods: Thirty-seven students examined population health data, surveyed Hispanic community members to identify health priorities, and developed a population-specific intervention on diet and risk factors for diabetes. Students created a 5-min script focused on healthy eating plans with recognition of traditional foods associated with the Hispanic culture. Students delivered the script to community members attending an annual Hispanic Heritage Festival. Results: Seventy-six percent of the 488 community participants reported increased knowledge about diabetes risk factors and healthy eating habits. Each student completed a self-reflection on how the project impacted their transcultural skills and reported increased confidence related to engagement and communication with the Hispanic community. Discussion/Significance: Incorporating community-based service-learning into the undergraduate curricula is a powerful educational approach that can enhance students' ability to provide culturally congruent nursing care.

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This paper reports the gathered information from an international environmental scan of university-baseline information for the creation of a Nursing Knowledge Network. An online environment scan of organizational context (February to October 2021) explored the identification of research areas, existing resources, expected benefits, innovations in teaching research, barriers to knowledge dissemination, and prospective contributions of the Network. Target informants were 200 nursing faculty affiliated with 63 universities located in 13 countries, as well as nursing networks in the Ibero-American context. One informant per university was asked to respond to the questionnaire. The participation rate was nearly 70% (42/63). The informants' universities per country included Brazil (n = 21), Canada (n = 4), Portugal and Spain (n = 3 each), Colombia, Mexico, Peru and USA (n = 2 each), Chile, Italy and Paraguay (n = 1 each). Nursing faculty provided rich information and shared knowledge confirming a strong commitment to global co-creation of innovations and research partnership capacities through collaboration, cooperation, and knowledge exchange among nursing higher education institutions. Seldom researched areas are a potential focus for the Network to generate appropriate evidence to inform local scientific practices. The gathered information will inform further review of nursing and governmental policies and programs related to the application and dissemination of nursing evidence across local, regional, and global levels.

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AIM: To explore the health beliefs and health behaviours of older Vietnam-born people living with chronic disease in Western Australia. DESIGN: This study was designed as a focused ethnography guided by the interpretative research paradigm and Leininger's Theory of Culture Care. METHODS: Data were collected through participant observation and interviews undertaken at participants' homes in Western Australia over 7 months in 2019. Data were analysed using Wolcott's approach for transferring qualitative data, comprising three phases: description, thematic analysis and interpretation. RESULTS: This study included 12 participants. The health perspectives and practices of older Vietnam-born Australians significantly reflected the traditional Vietnamese values. These included the stigma towards chronic disease as an inevitable consequence of ageing; self-blame thoughts about chronic disease causations and maintained traditional dietary practices. However, some aspects of their health behaviours such as beliefs and practices in traditional medicine, Western medicine and physical exercise reflected a blended approach combining both Vietnamese-oriented and Westernized-orientated practices. Individual factors were also identified as contributing to chronic disease self-care among participants. CONCLUSION: This study emphasizes culture played a significant role in shaping the way that older Vietnam-born Australians believed and behaved while living with chronic conditions. However, it also indicates that culture is not a stationary concept, it evolves gradually and is socially constructed. IMPLICATIONS: A better understanding of the health beliefs and practices of older Vietnam-born Australians is expected to contribute to the delivery of culturally safe and effective support for this population. The achievement of culturally safe care requires a systemic approach and collaboration of strategies across sectors. PATIENT AND PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: This study encompassed the contribution of 12 older Vietnam-born Australians who offered the researcher the privilege to enter their world and the staff of social care organization who opened the gate for the researcher to approach participants.

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BACKGROUND: In Canada, the healthcare experiences and needs of Muslim women who wear Islamic head coverings are conflated with the larger Muslim community who do not wear Islamic head coverings. Understanding their specific and unique preferences and challenges is essential for tailoring care and improving healthcare encounters. PURPOSE: The study purpose is to explore the healthcare encounters of Muslim women wearing Islamic head coverings in Canada, focusing on how discourse influences their narratives. METHODS: A postructuralist narrative methodology was used to understand how power, knowledge, language, and discourse impacted their experiences. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight Muslim women. Narrative analysis was used to dissect stories and the way these stories were told. RESULTS: Five themes were identified, including: The Fingerprint: Highlights the importance of recognizing individual identities to provide personalized care.The Membrane: Examines how societal biases and assumptions permeate healthcare professionals and impacts care.The Heartbeat: Reveals the immediate emotional and physical responses that reflect systemic challenges within healthcare encounters.Unseen: Emphasizes the lack of acknowledgement experienced by Muslim women related to their healthcare preferences and/or needs.Heard: Encompasses instances where Muslim women feel recognized by their healthcare provider; contrasts Theme #4. CONCLUSION: This research emphasizes the diverse experiences of Muslim woman who wear an Islamic head covering and the need for healthcare professionals to move away from a one-size-fits-all approach and instead, provide care that respects the unique preferences amongst this diverse group.

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BACKGROUND: Given the importance of cultural diversity in healthcare, the shift from "cultural competence" to "cultural humility" has become crucial. This transition is particularly relevant for nursing students in multiethnic regions, such as Southeastern Anatolia, Turkey, where diverse cultural interactions can significantly impact their professional development and practice. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine the cultural humility levels of nursing students. METHODS: This descriptive study was carried out with nursing students in two universities in the Southeastern Anatolia region, where the immigrant population is dense, in Turkey. RESULTS: In this study, the total mean score of the Cultural Humility Scale of the students participating in the research was 70.03±16.01. A significant difference was found between the Cultural Humility scale mean scores of the students and their gender, nationality, native language, experience of going abroad, desire to live in another country, and enjoying spending time with people from different cultures (p < 0.05). Significant positive correlations were determined between the average scores provided by the students on a 0-10 scale, indicating the importance they placed on cultural diversity in nursing education, and both the total score of the Cultural Humility Scale and the mean score of its sub-dimensions (p < 0.01, r = 0.273). CONCLUSION: This study found that the cultural humility level of nursing students living and studying with people from various cultures is sometimes exhibited.

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BACKGROUND: Transcultural nursing recognises the significance of cultural backgrounds in providing patients with quality care. This study investigates the opinions of master's students in nursing and midwifery regarding the attitudes of Jehovah's Witnesses towards refusing blood transfusions. METHODS: 349 master's students in nursing and midwifery participated in a quantitative study and were surveyed via the Web to evaluate their awareness of the stance of Jehovah's Witnesses on blood transfusions and the ethical and legal dilemmas associated with caring for Jehovah's Witness (JW) patients. RESULTS: The study yielded three significant findings. It unequivocally demonstrates that nursing and midwifery students possess inadequate knowledge regarding Jehovah's Witnesses' stance on blood transfusions and their acceptance of specific blood products and medical procedures. Despite being cognisant of the ethical and legal dilemmas of caring for JW patients, students lack an understanding of patients' autonomy to reject blood transfusions and their need for bloodless medicine. Students also articulated educational needs regarding cultural competencies regarding the Jehovah's Witnesses' beliefs on blood transfusions and non-blood management techniques. CONCLUSIONS: Healthcare professionals need the knowledge and skills necessary to provide holistic, patient-centred and culturally sensitive care. This study emphasises the urgent need for university curricula and nursing postgraduate training to include modules on transcultural nursing and strategies for minimising blood loss.

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OBJECTIVES: To map the current evidence about the health concerns and the potential solutions related to the Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca. DESIGN: A scoping review was applied. Papers published in English between 2012 and 2023 were included but non-human research and sources without any related data were excluded. Data charting and extraction were used to map the current evidence. RESULTS: The total of 36 papers were included with the total number of pilgrims of 17,075,887. The majority of studies were published in the Asia Pacific region (36.11%) as original articles (88.89%). The health concerns were grouped into five main aspects. There were 7603 deaths recorded or about 44 incidences of deaths per 100,000 pilgrims during the pilgrimage. There were recorded 11,018; 6178; 3393; and 17,810 cases for communicable diseases; non-communicable diseases; injuries and trauma; and health services (i.e., cardiac catheterization) and vaccination, respectively. CONCLUSION: Relating to the five health concerns, this study identified the top seven issues in each category (i.e., hypertension, influenza vaccination), except for the death record. Moreover, there were three solutions (for general health, non- and communicable-diseases) presented. Stakeholders could use this evidence to improve healthcare quality particularly related to the annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca.

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OBJECTIVES: To clarify the conceptual structure of "cultural competence (CC)" among Japanese public health nurses (PHNs), to enhance culturally appropriate support. METHODS: A modified grounded theory approach (M-GTA) was used. A total of 11 municipal PHNs participated in this study. Data were collected through semistructured interviews. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed. A comparative analysis was performed using M-GTA. RESULT: Five categories were identified. Japanese PHNs supported foreign residents while (1) maintaining a sincere attitude with curiosity and humility toward others regarding CC; (2) deepening their realization of issues arising from awareness of one's own and other cultures; (3) developing their knowledge about clients' cultures and the surrounding environments; and (4) mastering the skills of building a relationship with clients while creating supportive systems surrounding them. As they gained more experience in supporting foreign residents, as indicated in the above categories, their cultural competence grew, allowing them to (5) gain experience while encountering individuals without holding stereotypes and prejudice. CONCLUSIONS: The concepts of CC that emerged are based on cultural humility and are cultivated through supportive activities. The concepts identified in this study can serve as educational guidelines for health nurses and other care providers in Japan.

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BACKGROUND: Culture is a fundamental concept in healthcare settings due to the reason that care provided to patients is holistic and encompasses their perspectives on health, which are greatly influenced by the patients' cultures. To prepare culturally competent nursing graduates, it is important to understand the experiences of students on transcultural nursing during clinical practice. However, there are limited studies that have explored experiences of students on transcultural nursing, specifically those located in multicultural societies. In addition, studies focus on experiences of international students who visit with student - exchange programme. Nevertheless, their experiences of transcultural nursing may differ since they are not residents and have limited exposure to transcultural nursing, and therefore cannot be generalized to undergraduate resident students. This study aimed to explore and describe transcultural nursing experiences of nursing students during clinical practice at an intermediate hospital in north-eastern Namibia. METHODS: Descriptive and explorative qualitative designs were used, data were collected via individual interviews from 16 final year nursing students, who were sampled using maximum variation purposive and snowballing sampling. During data collection, an interview guide was used together with audiotape and field notes. Data analysis followed Tesch's eight steps in qualitative coding process. Trustworthiness was ensured using four principles of Lincoln and Guba, Moreover, ethical clearance and permission were granted by research ethics committees from two institutions. FINDINGS: Four main themes emerged as findings of the study are: nursing students' exposure to different cultural practices and beliefs; personal feelings experienced by nursing students during transcultural nursing; challenges experienced by students during transcultural nursing; and nursing students coping mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing students had mixed experiences on transcultural nursing which touch on aspects such as exposure to cultural aspects, personal feelings, challenges, and coping mechanisms. These findings are useful in helping nurse educators, clinical mentors, students, and future researchers to understand experiences of students on transcultural nursing. Consequently, assist in enriching transcultural nursing issues in curricula and for adequate preparation of graduates to become culturally competent when providing nursing care.

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This study aims to analyze the repercussions of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on the health of male immigrants, refugees, and asylum seekers in Brazil. A qualitative study involving 307 adult men living in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic was conducted. Data were collected between August 2021 and March 2022 and interpreted based on the Transcultural Nursing Theory. Cultural care repercussions were identified in various dimensions: technological: changes in daily life and disruptions in routine; religious, philosophical, social, and cultural values: changes stemming from disrupted social bonds, religious practices, and sociocultural isolation; political: experiences of political partisanship, conflicts, government mismanagement, a lack of immigration policies, human rights violations, and xenophobia; educational/economic: challenges arising from economic impoverishment, economic insecurity, unemployment, language difficulties, and challenges in academic and literacy development during the pandemic. The persistence of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil had significant repercussions for the health of migrant men, resulting in a transcultural phenomenon that requires sensitive nursing care. Implications for nursing: the uniqueness of cultural care in nursing and health, as most of the repercussions found were mostly negative, contributed to the increase in social and health vulnerabilities.

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The aim of this research is to explore nurses' experiences in caring for migrants, regular and non-regular, within outpatient clinics in Italy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen nurses have been interviewed through online semi-structured interviews, conducted with the support of a questionnaire, made by researchers, consisting of open-ended questions on legislative issues, cultural issues, and regarding best practices. Purposive sampling has been used, along with phone and email recruitment. The audio recordings of the interviews were verbatim transcribed, then examined. This study is a qualitative descriptive fundamental research project. RESULTS: Interviewees highlight migrants' difficulties in accessing care, critical points of legislation, transcultural skills crucial to nurses, and good practices. A total of 105 labels were developed and grouped into 23 categories under 7 themes (Italian legislation and migrants; structural difficulties in assistance; the influence of politics; the work of NGOs and associations; nursing care; winning strategies; and the role of the Family and Community Nurse). CONCLUSION: The research highlights how access to care for migrants is hindered by legislative, structural, and cultural barriers, with consequences on the NHS (improper accesses to the emergency room, increased workload, and economic expenditure). For the full realization of the right to health, as enshrined by Art. 32 of the Constitution, changes are needed with respect to regulations and professionals' training.

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ABSTRACT Objectives: to contribute to the change in understandings and knowledge of the popular system among riverine women about female intimate self-care before and after the application of an educational dynamic. Methods: a qualitative-participative study based on the Sunrise Model. Twenty women registered at a Basic Health Unit on the Combu island, state of Pará, Brazil, participated in the second half of 2022. Semi-structured interviews were conducted before and after the educational dynamic; followed by reflective inductive analysis. Results: these are pointed out: a female mechanism of generational education; the cultural act of bathing as synonymous with intimate self care and disease prevention; intimate care with medicinal herbs; lack of professional system approach to the topic; fear of using "muddy water"; and lack of financial resources to purchase specific products for genitourinary care. Final Considerations: companionship and social factors drive intimate self-care; however, riverine women experience taboos, ignorance, and poverty.

RESUMEN Objetivos: contribuir para el cambio de comprensiones y saberes del sistema popular de mujeres ribereñas sobre el autocuidado íntimo femenino, antes y detrás la aplicación de una dinámica educativa. Métodos: estudio cualitativo-participativo apoyándose en el Sunrise Model. Participaron 20 mujeres, registradas en Unidad Básica de Salud de la isla de Combu, estado de Pará, Brasil, en el segundo semestre de 2022. Ocurrieron entrevistas semiestructuradas antes y detrás la dinámica educativa; y posterior análisis inductiva reflexiva. Resultados: señálese un mecanismo femenino de educación generacional; acto cultural del baño como sinónimo de autocuidado íntimo y prevención de enfermedades; aseos íntimos con hierbas medicinales; falta de abordaje del tema por el sistema profesional; temor del uso del "agua turbia"; y falta de recursos financieros para compra de productos específicos vueltos a cuidados genitourinarios. Consideraciones Finales: factores de compañerismo y sociales mueven el autocuidado íntimo, pero tabús, desconocimiento y pobreza han vividos por ribereñas.

RESUMO Objetivos: contribuir para a mudança de compreensões e saberes do sistema popular de mulheres ribeirinhas sobre o autocuidado íntimo feminino, antes e depois da aplicação de uma dinâmica educativa. Métodos: estudo qualitativo-participativo apoiando-se no Sunrise Model. Participaram 20 mulheres, cadastradas em Unidade Básica de Saúde da ilha do Combu, estado do Pará, Brasil, no segundo semestre de 2022. Ocorreram entrevistas semiestruturadas antes e depois da dinâmica educativa; e posterior análise indutiva reflexiva. Resultados: aponta-se um mecanismo feminino de educação geracional; o ato cultural do banho como sinônimo de autocuidado íntimo e da prevenção de doenças; asseios íntimos com ervas medicinais; falta de abordagem do tema pelo sistema profissional; temor do uso da "água barrenta"; e falta de recursos financeiros para compra de produtos específicos voltados aos cuidados genitourinários. Considerações Finais: fatores de companheirismo e sociais movem o autocuidado íntimo, contudo tabus, desconhecimento e pobreza são vivenciados pelas ribeirinhas.

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Objective: to evaluate the level of cultural competence of an undergraduate nursing students' population from four European higher education institutions. Method: a total of 168 nursing students from four different countries were included in our study. The study methodology involved a cross-sectional assessment of cultural competence among undergraduate nursing students from four European universities. Data collection included sociodemographic variables, as well as the following validated tools: the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale, the Cultural Competence Assessment Tool (student version) and the Cultural Awareness Scale. Results: our results indicated that students demonstrated a high level of intercultural sensitivity but a moderate level of cultural competence and cultural awareness. Variations existed among students from different countries, suggesting potential differences in educational approaches. Despite expectations that higher-level students would exhibit greater cultural competence, no significant differences were found by year of study, indicating a lack of effective integration of cultural competence into nursing curricula. Conclusion: nurse educators should consider the students' cultural competence before designing related study programmes. Training programmes related to cultural competence should include elements which have been associated with enhanced cultural competence, including language skills, cultural encounter, and opportunities for internationalisation.

Objetivo: evaluar el nivel de competencia cultural de una población de estudiantes de pregrado en enfermería de cuatro instituciones europeas de educación superior. Método: en nuestro estudio se incluyeron en total 168 estudiantes de enfermería de cuatro países diferentes. La metodología de estudio implicó una evaluación transversal de la competencia cultural de los estudiantes de pregrado en enfermería de cuatro universidades europeas. La recolección de datos incluyó variables sociodemográficas y las siguientes herramientas validadas: la Escala de Sensibilidad Intercultural, la Herramienta de Evaluación de la Competencia Cultural (versión para estudiantes) y la Escala de Conciencia Cultural. Resultados: los estudiantes demostraron un alto nivel de sensibilidad intercultural pero un nivel moderado de competencia y conciencia cultural. Hubo variaciones entre los estudiantes de diferentes países, lo que sugiere posibles diferencias en los enfoques educativos. A pesar de que se esperaba que los estudiantes de educación superior tuvieran mayor competencia cultural, no se encontraron diferencias significativas por año de estudio, lo que indica que la competencia cultural no se incluye de forma efectiva en los planes de estudio de las carreras de pregrado en enfermería. Conclusión: los educadores de enfermería deben considerar la competencia cultural de los estudiantes antes de diseñar programas de estudio relacionados con la misma. Los programas de formación relacionados con la competencia cultural deben incluir elementos que se hayan asociado con una mayor competencia cultural, eso incluye habilidades lingüísticas, encuentros culturales y oportunidades de internacionalización.

Objetivo: avaliar o nível de competência cultural de uma população de estudantes de graduação em enfermagem de quatro instituições europeias de ensino superior. Método: um total de 168 estudantes de enfermagem de quatro países diferentes foram incluídos em nosso estudo. A metodologia do estudo envolveu uma avaliação transversal da competência cultural entre estudantes de graduação em enfermagem de quatro universidades europeias. A coleta de dados incluiu variáveis sociodemográficas, bem como as seguintes ferramentas validadas: Escala de Sensibilidade Intercultural, Ferramenta de Avaliação de Competência Cultural (versão do aluno) e Escala de Consciência Cultural. Resultados: nossos resultados indicaram que os alunos demonstraram um alto nível de sensibilidade intercultural, mas um nível moderado de competência e consciência cultural. Houve variações entre os alunos de diferentes países, o que sugere possíveis diferenças nas abordagens educacionais. Apesar das expectativas de que os alunos de nível superior apresentariam maior competência cultural, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas por ano de estudo, indicando uma falta de integração eficaz da competência cultural nos currículos de enfermagem. Conclusão: os educadores de enfermagem devem considerar a competência cultural dos alunos antes de elaborar programas de estudo relacionados. Os programas de treinamento relacionados à competência cultural devem incluir elementos que tenham sido associados a uma maior competência cultural, incluindo habilidades linguísticas, encontros culturais e oportunidades de internacionalização.

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INTRODUCTION: Educators require focused training to foster the development of intercultural competence in nurses. Training programs for educators need to be based on a comprehensive profile with a focus on intercultural learning. This study aims to define and validate a profile of the Intercultural Nursing Educator (INE). METHOD: The Delphi method was used with an iterative, multi-stage process to transform opinions into group consensus. A total of 46 European, African, and American experts from the nursing and intercultural field participated. Inclusion criteria required English at a level of B2, expertise in the field of intercultural competence, experience in teaching intercultural competence in the nursing context, and publications focused on intercultural topics. RESULTS: The INE profile was developed and all 126 competencies were validated. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The profile is freely available on the project website and provides the basis for curricula, training programs and assessment of the required competences.

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This study aimed to analyze Madeleine Leininger's Theory of Diversity and Universality of Cultural Care. It is a study of interpretive analysis based on the model of theory evaluation proposed by Johnson, carried out in the months of January and February 2022. It is confirmed that Leininger's theory has theoretical consistency and the ability to contribute to practical, scientific and nursing profession. The theory is presented as easy to understand, with accessible and clear language, and presents well-defined concepts that stimulate the formulation of propositions. It presents further variations and assumptions that contribute to the interpretation and understanding of the propositions, as well as theoretical knowledge that helps to explain and make predictions about two phenomena o interest in the disease. To analyze it is possible to show Leininger's theory to theoretical consistency and to the capacity to contribute to nursing practice. The relevance of the application of nursing hairs in various contexts of care is highlighted for the scope of care that is culturally and consistently guided by the context and the needs of two individuals.(AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la Teoría de la Diversidad y Universalidad del Cuidado Cultural de Madeleine Leininger. Se trata de un estudio de análisis interpretativo basado en el modelo de evaluación de la teoría propuesto por Johnson, realizado en enero y febrero de 2022. Se constató que la teoría de Leininger tiene consistencia teórica y capacidad de contribuir a la práctica, la ciencia y la profesión de enfermería. La teoría es de fácil comprensión, con un lenguaje accesible y claro, y presenta conceptos bien definidos que estimulan la formulación de proposiciones. También presenta variables y supuestos que contribuyen a la interpretación y comprensión de proposiciones, así como conocimientos teóricos que ayudan a explicar y hacer predicciones sobre los fenómenos de interés para la enfermería. El análisis permitió evidenciar en la teoría de Leininger la consistencia teórica y la capacidad de contribuir a la práctica de enfermería. Se destaca la relevancia de la aplicación de los enfermeros en diferentes contextos de trabajo para lograr un cuidado guiado cultural y congruentemente con el contexto y las necesidades de los individuos.(AU)

Este estudo objetivou analisar a Teoria da Diversidade e Universalidade do Cuidado Cultural de Madeleine Leininger. Tratase de um estudo de análise interpretativa baseado no modelo de avaliação de teorias proposto por Johnson, realizado nos meses de janeiro e fevereiro de 2022. Constatouse que a teoria de Leininger possui consistência teórica e capacidade de contribuir para a prática, ciência e profissão de enfermagem. A teoria se apresenta de fácil compreensão, com linguagem acessível e clara, e apresenta conceitos bem delimitados que estimulam a formulação de proposições. Apresenta ainda variáveis e suposições que contribuem para a interpretação e compreensão das proposições, assim como conhecimento teórico que auxilia a explicar e fazer predições acerca dos fenômenos de interesse da enfermagem. A análise possibilitou evidenciar na teoria de Leininger a consistência teórica e a capacidade de contribuir para a prática de enfermagem. Destacase a relevância da aplicação da pelos enfermeiros em diversos contextos de atuação para o alcance de um cuidado culturalmente e congruentemente pautado no contexto e nas necessidades dos indivíduos.(AU)

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Objetivo: compreender os fatores que interferem no diagnóstico da sífilis em homens à luz da Teoria da Diversidade e Universalidade do Cuidado Cultural. Método: estudo qualitativo, aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, realizado em Hospital Universitário no Rio de Janeiro, entre setembro de 2017 e março de 2018. Foram entrevistados 32 homens diagnosticados com sífilis adquirida, e a análise temática foi utilizada para o tratamento dos dados. Resultados: a maioria dos homens tinha história de contágio por outra Infecção Sexualmente Transmissível e foi diagnosticada no ambulatório de imunologia. O momento diagnóstico é encarado com surpresa, tem repercussões psicossociais e é influenciado por fatores culturais e sociais. Considerações finais: alguns fatores interferem positivamente e outros negativamente no diagnóstico da sífilis na população masculina. Para detectar essa infecção nos homens, deve-se conhecer o contexto sociocultural em que estão inseridos para, assim, implementar estratégias tanto diagnósticas quanto preventivas mais eficazes(AU)

Objective: to understand the factors that interfere with the diagnosis of syphilis in men in the light of the Theory of Diversity and Universality of Cultural Care. Method: qualitative study, approved by the Ethics and Research Committee, conducted at a University Hospital in Rio de Janeiro, during september 2017 to march 2018. Thirty-two men diagnosed with acquired syphilis were interviewed, and thematic analysis was used for data treatment. Results: most men had a history of contagion by another STI and were diagnosed at the immunology outpatient clinic. The moment of diagnosis is faced with surprise, has psychosocial repercussions and is influenced by cultural and social factors. Final considerations: some factors interfere positively and others negatively in the diagnosis of syphilis in the male population. To detect this infection in men, it is necessary to know the sociocultural context in which they live, in order to implement more effective diagnostic and preventive strategies(AU)

Objetivo: comprender los factores que interfieren en el diagnóstico de la sífilis en los hombres a la luz de la Teoría de la diversidad y universalidad del cuidado cultural. Método: estudio cualitativo, aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación, realizado en un Hospital Universitario de Río de Janeiro, de septiembre de 2017 a marzo de 2018. Se entrevistó a 32 hombres diagnosticados de sífilis adquirida y se utilizó el análisis temático para el tratamiento de los datos. Resultados: la mayoría de los hombres tenía antecedentes de contagio por otra Infección Sexualmente Transmisible y el diagnóstico se hizo en el ambulatorio de inmunología. El momento del diagnóstico se afronta con sorpresa, tiene repercusiones psicosociales y está influenciado por factores culturales y sociales. Consideraciones finales: algunos factores interfieren positivamente y otros negativamente en el diagnóstico de la sífilis en la población masculina. Para detectar esta infección en los hombres, se debe conocer el contexto sociocultural en el que se insertan, para entonces poner en marcha estrategias de diagnóstico y de prevención más eficaces(AU)

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Objetivo: analisar a estrutura da representação social da saúde para umbandistas com vistas à abordagem do cuidado transcultural. Método: estudo qualitativo descritivo-exploratório, fundamentado na abordagem estrutural da Teoria das Representações Sociais e Teoria Transcultural de Madeleine Leininger. Os participantes foram captados pela técnica Snowball, que responderam a um questionário online, contendo caracterização sociodemográfica; escala DUREL; e instrumento de evocações livres. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e as evocações pela análise prototípica e de similitude. Resultados: participaram 110 invíduos, predominando mulheres (70%), entre 29 e 39 anos, e com alta religiosidade. A análise prototípica evidenciou vida, bem-estar e ter-fé como provavelmente centrais e hospital e médico como elementos de contraste. A análise de similitude demonstrou além dos elementos previamente e provavelmente centrais, cuidado e corpo com comportamento de centralidade. Considerações finais: concepções multidimensionais de bem-estar e qualidade de vida marcam esta representação, embasada pela alta religiosidade e o cuidado transcultural e integral em saúde(AU)

Objective: to analyze the structure of the social representation of health for Umbanda fans with a view to approaching transcultural care. Method: qualitative descriptive-exploratory study, based on the structural approach of the Theory of Social Representations and Transcultural Theory by Madeleine Leininger. Participants were captured using the Snowball technique, who responded to an online questionnaire containing sociodemographic characteristics; DUREL scale; and instrument of free evocations. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the evocations using prototypical and similarity analysis. Results: 110 individuals participated, predominantly women (70%), between 29 and 39 years old, and with high religiosity. The prototypical analysis highlighted life, well-being and having faith as probably central and hospital and doctor as contrasting elements. The similarity analysis demonstrated, in addition to the previously and probably central elements, care and the body with centrality behavior. Final considerations: multidimensional conceptions of well-being and quality of life mark this representation, based on high religiosity and transcultural and comprehensive health care(AU)

Objetivo: analizar la estructura de la representación social de la salud para umbandistas con miras al enfoque de la atención transcultural. Método: estudio descriptivo-exploratorio cualitativo, basado en el enfoque estructural de la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales y la Teoría Transcultural de Madeleine Leininger. Mediante la técnica de muestreo Snowball se capturó a los participantes, quienes respondieron a un cuestionario en línea que contenía caracterización sociodemográfica; escala DUREL; e instrumento de evocaciones libres. Se analizaron los datos mediante estadística descriptiva y las evocaciones por medio de análisis prototípico y de similitud. Resultados: Participaron 110 personas, predominantemente mujeres (70%), entre 29 y 39 años y con alta religiosidad. El análisis prototípico destacó 'la vida, el bienestar y el tener fe' como probablemente centrales y 'el hospital y el médico' como elementos contrastantes. El análisis de similitud demostró, además de los elementos anteriores y probablemente centrales, 'el cuidado y el cuerpo' con comportamiento de centralidad. Consideraciones finales: concepciones multidimensionales de bienestar y calidad de vida enmarcan esta representación, basada en una alta religiosidad y una atención de salud transcultural e integral(AU)

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Objetivo: conhecer a perspectiva de enfermeiros sobre cultura e cuidado cultural em município de fronteira e sua formação para realizar o cuidado culturalmente congruente. Método: estudo exploratório-descritivo, conduzido à luz da Teoria Transcultural do Cuidado. Realizadas entrevistas com 18 enfermeiros da atenção primária de Foz do Iguaçu-PR, entre janeiro de 2020 e janeiro de 2021, submetidas à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: as categorias de análise mostraram que, para os enfermeiros, o indivíduo traz consigo sua cultura, apreendida em seu meio, ao nascimento e passa de geração em geração. Considerações finais: ser profissional em região de fronteira interfere na perspectiva das diferenças culturais, as quais se relacionam num processo de interculturalidade, tornando-se relevante conhecer a população, seus hábitos e crenças para preservá-los nas ações de cuidado. Enfermeiros migrantes na região do estudo buscam conhecer a população, seus hábitos e crenças para preservá-los nas ações de cuidado(AU)

Objective: to know the perspective of nurses on culture and cultural care in a border town and their training to provide culturally congruent care. Method: exploratory-descriptive study, conducted in the light of the Transcultural Theory of Care. Interviews were conducted with 18 primary care nurses in Foz do Iguaçu-PR, between January 2020 and January 2021, submitted to content analysis. Results: the analysis categories showed that, for nurses, the individual brings with him his culture, apprehended in his environment, at birth and passed from generation to generation. Final considerations: being a professional in a border region interferes with the perspective of cultural differences, which are related in an intercultural process, making it relevant to know the population, their habits and beliefs to preserve them in care actions. Migrant nurses in the study region seek to know the population, their habits and beliefs to preserve them in care actions(AU)

Objetivo: conocer la perspectiva de los enfermeros sobre la cultura y el cuidado cultural en una localidad fronteriza y su formación para brindar un cuidado culturalmente congruente. Método: estudio exploratorio-descriptivo, realizado a la luz de la Teoría del Cuidado Transcultural. Se realizaron entrevistas junto a 18 enfermeros de atención primaria en Foz do Iguazú-Paraná, entre enero de 2020 y enero de 2021, y se sometieron al análisis de contenido. Resultados: las categorías de análisis mostraron que, según los enfermeros, el individuo lleva consigo su cultura, aprehendida en su entorno al nacer y transmitida de generación en generación. Consideraciones finales: ser profesional en una región fronteriza interfiere con la perspectiva de las diferencias culturales, que se relacionan en un proceso intercultural y se vuelve relevante conocer a la población, sus hábitos y creencias para preservarlos en las acciones de cuidado. Los enfermeros migrantes en la región de estudio tratan de conocer a la población, sus hábitos y creencias para preservarlos en las acciones de cuidado(AU)

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