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Trans-obturator tape (TOT) and tension free vaginal tape (TVT) procedures are efficient treatment options, which reduce the surgical complications and provide adequate support to urethra in case of increased abdominal pressure to prevent stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect and efficacy of 3D printed female anatomical model on the training of TOT and TVT procedures. A 3D printed female anatomical model was produced for MedTRain3DModSim, Erasmus+ European Union project led by Turkey with the participation of Greece, Italy, Czech Republic and South Korea. Face and content validities of the model evaluated by the participants and the experts respectively. During two learning & teaching & training activities and a multiplier event of the project between 2016 and 2018; 41 medical students, 30 residents and 19 specialists of urology and gynecology were educated and performed TOT and TVT procedures with this model under the mentorship of 3 experts. All participants were assessed and scored for their achievement on both procedures with model according to 7 parameters by the experts. There was no statistical difference between the students and residents for each parameter. All the parameters of the students and specialists were statistically different. 3D anatomical models produced from real data and mimicking different types of tissues are suitable for basic anatomy education of students and residents, hands on training for junior surgeons before cadaveric courses in hybrid education system, surgical planning of the surgeons and informing the patients before the operation.

Los procedimientos de cinta transobturadora (TOT) y cinta vaginal sin tensión (TVT) son opciones de tratamiento eficientes, que reducen las complicaciones quirúrgicas y proporcionan un soporte adecuado a la uretra en caso de aumento de la presión abdominal para prevenir la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo (IUE). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto y la eficacia del modelo anatómico femenino impreso en 3D en el entrenamiento de los procedimientos TOT y TVT. Se produjo un modelo anatómico femenino impreso en 3D para MedTRain3DModSim, proyecto Erasmus + de la Unión Europea dirigido por Turquía con la participación de Grecia, Italia, la República Checa y Corea del Sur. Validez facial y de contenido del modelo fueron evaluados por los participantes y los expertos respectivamente. Durante dos actividades de aprendizaje, enseñanza y capacitación y un evento multiplicador del proyecto entre 2016 y 2018; 41 estudiantes de medicina, 30 residentes y 19 especialistas en urología y ginecología fueron capacitados y realizaron procedimientos TOT y TVT de este modelo bajo la tutoría de 3 expertos. Todos los participantes fueron evaluados y calificados por los expertos, por su logro en ambos procedimientos con el modelo de acuerdo con 7 parámetros. No hubo diferencia estadística entre los estudiantes y los residentes para cada parámetro. Todos los parámetros de los estudiantes y especialistas fueron estadísticamente diferentes. Los modelos anatómicos en 3D producidos a partir de datos reales e imitando diferentes tipos de tejidos son adecuados para la educación básica de anatomía de estudiantes y residentes. Además de ofrecer una capacitación práctica para los cirujanos antes de los cursos cadavéricos en el sistema educativo, y una planificación quirúrgica de los cirujanos e información para los pacientes antes de la cirugía.

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OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the needle positioning during three types of slings in relation to anatomical structures in fresh cadavers and to evaluate if this positioning is influenced by body mass index (BMI). METHODS: TVTr sling (retropubic), TVT-O sling (transobturator) and mini-sling (TVT-Secur™) were performed in ten fresh cadavers, followed by dissection of the pudendal (genital) area (external evaluation) and abdominal cavity (internal evaluation). The distance between the devices used in each technique and specific anatomical structures (vessels and bowel) was measured. RESULTS: The mean distance between TVTr needles and the closest segment of the bowel was 5.0±1.1cm. The mean distance between the TVTr needles and iliac vessels was 8.55±1.59cm, and this distance was inversely proportional to BMI. However, the both correlations were not significantly (p<0.05). The mean distance from TVT-O needle to obturator vessels and nerve was 2.25±0.34cm. This distance was inversely proportional to BMI, but it was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Our data suggested that BMI may be not an important factor for influencing the relationship between the devices and anatomical structures in three different slings in fresh cadavers.

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Objetivo: o presente estudo tem por objetivo comparar o melhor resultado terapêutico das cirúrgias TVT e TVTO para correção da incontinência urinária de esforço, levando em consideração a eficácia terapêutica, tempo cirúrgico e complicações no intra e pós operatórias. (...) (AU)

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Objetivo: o presente estudo tem por objetivo comparar o melhor resultado terapêutico das cirúrgias TVT e TVTO para correção da incontinência urinária de esforço, levando em consideração a eficácia terapêutica, tempo cirúrgico e complicações no intra e pós operatórias...

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Objetivo: o presente estudo tem por objetivo comparar o melhor resultado terapêutico das cirúrgias TVT e TVTO para correção da incontinência urinária de esforço, levando em consideração a eficácia terapêutica, tempo cirúrgico e complicações no intra e pós operatórias. (...)

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OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that preoperative Valsalva leak point pressure (VLPP) predicts long-term outcome of mid-urethra slings for female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and forty-five patients with SUI were prospectively randomized to two mid-urethra sling treatments: Tension free vaginal tape (TVT) or transobturator tape (TOT). They were followed-up at 3, 6, 12 months post-operatively and then annually for the primary outcome variable, i.e. dry or wet and secondary outcome variables such as scores on the urogenital distress inventory (UDI-6) and the impact of incontinence on quality of life (IIQ-7) questionnaire as well as patient satisfaction as scored on a visual analogue scale (VAS). Preoperative VLPP was correlated with primary and secondary outcome variables. RESULTS: Mean follow-ups were 32 + 12 months (range 12-55) for TVT and 31 + 15 months (range 12-61) for TOT. When patients were analyzed according to VLPP stratification, 95 (65.5 percent) patients showed a VLPP > 60 cm H2O and 50 (34.5 percent) patients had a VLPP < 60 cm H2O. The overall objective cure rates were 75.8 percent for patients with VLPP > 60 cm H2O and 72 percent for those with VLPP < 60 cm H2O (p < 0.619). No significant differences in objective cure rates emerged when patients were stratified for pre-operative VLPP and matched for TOT or TVT procedures: VLPP > 60 cm H2O (82 percent vs. 68.9 percent p < 0.172); VLPP < 60 cm H2O (68 percent vs. 76 percent p < 0.528). CONCLUSIONS: When patients were stratified for preoperative VLPP (< or > of 60 cm H2O), preoperative VLPP was not linked to outcome after TVT or TOT procedures.

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Desde la introducción del “tension free vaginal tape” (TVT) para el tratamiento de la IOE se ha popularizado como técnica quirúrgica relativamente estándar y comparable. El TVT a 7 años ha mostrado buenos resultados y pocas complicaciones en la serie histórica. El TVT además ha modificado los conceptos en que se basan la mayoría de las técnicas quirúrgicas para la IOE. Nuestro objetivo es mostrar los resultados quirúrgicos a corto y largo plazo de la técnica TVT, para lo cual realizamos una revisión retrospectiva de los registros de las pacientes operadas con la técnica TVT consignando resultados terapéuticos y complicaciones. En el período agosto 2000 a agosto del 2007 hemos operado 129 pacientes con esta técnica. El seguimiento promedio fue de 45,7 meses. El promedio de edad fue de 56 años. En 71 (55 por ciento) pacientes existía el antecedente de cirugía ginecológica o de incontinencia previa. Complicaciones intraoperatorias y post-operatorias inmediatas fueron sangramiento severo en 1 (0,8 por ciento)paciente, perforación vesical en 5 (3,9 por ciento), retención de orina en 11 (8,5 por ciento) y urgencia de Novo en 13 (10 por ciento) pacientes. Cinco pacientes debieron ser sometidas a uretrolisis por síntomas obstructivos bajos u obstrucción. Tuvimos 3 pacientes con erosión, una con cierre espontáneo y dos en que debió ser retirada la malla. De las 113 pacientes con más de 12 meses de seguimiento 13 (11,5 ciento) persisten con IOE y 100 (88,1 por ciento) se encuentran continentes. En nuestra experiencia la cirugía TVT ha reproducido con éxito los resultados originales, siendo una técnica poco invasiva recomendable para resolver.

The minimally invasive TVT procedure and similar techniques of sling placement with reported cure rate for stress incontinence from 84 percent to 95 percent, have replaced most of stress urinary incontinence procedures. The aim of the present study is to evaluate TVT outcome in our hospital. We performed a retrospective review of the hospital database between August 2000 and August 2007. 129 patients were identified with TVT surgery as treatment for stress urinary incontinence. The mean age was 56years old. 71 patients (55 percent) had a previous SUI or prolapsed surgery. Mean follow up was 45.7 months. 113 patients had a follow up longer than 12 months with a success rate of 88.5 percent (100 patients). Immediate complications were defined as bleeding, bladder perforation and postoperative urinary retention and occurred in 1 patients (0.77 percent), 5 patients (3.9 percent), 6 patients (4,65 percent) respectively. We had de novo urgency in 13 patients (10 percent). Three patients (2.3 percent) had vaginal erosion, in 2 cases we removed the mesh. Five patients (3.9 percent) had postoperative voiding disfunction that requiered urethrolysis. Subjetive complete cure rate was 88,1percent for the 113 women available for follow-up. According to our data, TVT shows good outcome in the treatment of SUI. TVT is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive option.

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OBJETIVO: Descrever a importância da ultra-sonografia transvulvar na avaliação das diferenças anatômicas induzidas pelas cirurgias de sling de fáscia lata e tension-free vaginal tape. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Quarenta mulheres com incontinência urinária de esforço, com idades entre 30 e 60 anos, foram tratadas por sling de fáscia lata (20 pacientes) ou tension-free vaginal tape (20 pacientes). A ultra-sonografia transvulvar da junção uretrovesical e da uretra proximal foi a principal ferramenta de investigação pré- e pós-operatória. Os parâmetros estudados foram: distância vertical e distância horizontal da junção uretrovesical, distância pubouretral e comprimento da uretra proximal. RESULTADOS: A distância vertical da junção uretrovesical não variou significativamente após a sling de fáscia lata (p > 0,10). A distância pubouretral e a uretra proximal tornaram-se menores (p < 0,003) e a distância horizontal da junção uretrovesical tornou-se menor só no repouso (p = 0,03) após a sling de fáscia lata. A tension-free vaginal tape diminuiu o deslocamento vertical da junção uretrovesical (p = 0,0005) e o comprimento da uretra proximal (p = 0,02). CONCLUSÃO: A ultra-sonografia transvulvar foi fundamental para documentar que as cirurgias de sling de fáscia lata e tension-free vaginal tape alongam a uretra proximal, sendo a sling de fáscia lata de forma mais eficaz. A sling de fáscia lata enfoca a diminuição da distância pubouretral e a tension-free vaginal tape, o deslocamento vertical da junção uretrovesical.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the role of transvulvar ultrasonography in the assessment of anatomical changes following fascia lata sling or tension-free vaginal tape procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty women in the age range between 30 and 60 years had fascia lata sling (20 patients) or tension-free vaginal tape (20 patients) placement for treating stress urinary incontinence. Transvulvar ultrasonography was utilized, both pre- and post-operatively, as the main investigational tool in these cases for evaluating the urethrovesical junction vertical and horizontal distances, pubo-urethral distance and proximal urethra length. RESULTS: The urethrovesical junction vertical distance did not vary significantly after the fascia lata sling surgery (p > 0.10). Both the pubo-urethral distance and the proximal urethra length became shorter (p < 0.003), and the urethrovesical junction horizontal distance was reduced only at rest (p = 0.03). The tension-free vaginal tape procedure resulted in a reduction of the urethrovesical junction vertical distance (p = 0.0005) and of the proximal urethra length (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Transvulvar ultrasonography was of utmost importance in the demonstration that both the fascia lata sling and tension-free vaginal tape surgical procedures elongate the proximal urethra, even though the fascia lata sling technique does it more effectively. The fascia lata sling technique is more focused on shortening the pubo-urethral distance, and the tension-free vaginal tape, on the correction of the vertical displacement of the urethrovesical junction.

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