RESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Chronic pancreatitis may cause intractable abdominal pain, with total pancreatectomy sometimes being the last resort. To mitigate the subsequent diabetes, total pancreatectomy can be followed by islet autotransplantation (TP-IAT). The primary aim of this study was to assess the outcomes in patients undergoing TP-IAT at Karolinska University Hospital with respect to safety, postoperative complications, and islet graft function. A secondary aim was to compare liver to skeletal muscle as autotransplantation sites. METHODS: Single-center observational cohort study on patients undergoing TP-IAT. Islets were transplanted either into the liver or skeletal muscle. Data on baseline characteristics and pretransplantory conditions were collected. Outcome measures included mortality and major postoperative complications as well as the glycemic measures: insulin use, fasting C-peptide, and HbA1c. RESULTS: Between 2004 and 2020, 24 patients underwent TP-IAT. Islets were transplanted into the liver in 9 patients and into skeletal muscle in 15 patients. There was no 90-day mortality, and major complications (Clavien-Dindo ⩾IIIa) occurred in 26.7%, all related to the procedure of total pancreatectomy. Fasting C-peptide could be detected postoperatively, with higher levels in patients receiving islet autotransplantation into the liver (p = 0.006). Insulin independence was not achieved, although insulin doses at last follow-up were significantly lower in patients receiving islet autotransplantation into the liver compared to skeletal muscle (p = 0.036). CONCLUSION: TP-IAT is safe and associated with tolerable risk, the component of islet autotransplantation being seemingly harmless. Although islet grafts maintain some endocrine function, insulin independence should not be expected. Regarding islet autotransplantation sites, the liver seems superior to skeletal muscle. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Not applicable.
Asunto(s)
Trasplante de Islotes Pancreáticos , Pancreatectomía , Pancreatitis Crónica , Trasplante Autólogo , Humanos , Pancreatectomía/métodos , Trasplante de Islotes Pancreáticos/métodos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pancreatitis Crónica/cirugía , Adulto , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Resultado del Tratamiento , Músculo Esquelético/trasplante , HígadoRESUMEN
Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible process of pancreatic inflammation and fibrosis that can lead to intractable abdominal pain and severely impaired quality of life (QoL). Often patients are refractory to standard medical or endoscopic treatments. Total pancreatectomy (TP) and islet auto-transplantation (TP-IAT) can offer pain relief to patients by removing the entire pancreas and the auto-transplant component ameliorates the resulting diabetes. QoL is significantly improved after TP-IAT when insulin independence is present. Recent data support offering TP-IAT rather than TP alone and treating with exogenous insulin for patients with debilitating chronic pancreatitis.
Asunto(s)
Trasplante de Islotes Pancreáticos , Pancreatitis Crónica , Humanos , Pancreatectomía/métodos , Calidad de Vida , Resultado del Tratamiento , Pancreatitis Crónica/cirugía , Trasplante de Islotes Pancreáticos/métodos , Insulina , Trasplante Autólogo , Insulina Regular HumanaRESUMEN
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The first total pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation (TP-IAT) was performed for chronic pancreatitis in 1977 with the goal to ameliorate the pain and simultaneously preserve islet function. We reviewed the recent medical literature regarding indications, patient suitability, current outcomes, and challenges in TP-IAT. RECENT FINDINGS: Current indications for TP-IAT include intractable pain secondary to chronic pancreatitis (CP) or acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) with failed medical and endoscopic/surgical management. Independent studies have shown that TP-IAT is associated with elimination or significant improvement in pain control and partial or full islet graft function in the majority of patients. In single-center cost analyses, TP-IAT has been suggested to be more cost-effective than medical management of chronic pancreatitis. While initially introduced as a surgical option for adults with long-standing chronic pancreatitis, TP-IAT is now often utilized in children with chronic pancreatitis and in children and adults with intractable acute recurrent pancreatitis. The surgical procedure has evolved over time with some centers offering minimally invasive operative options, although the open approach remains the standard. Despite many advances in TP-IAT, there is a need for further research and development in disease diagnosis, patient selection, optimization of surgical technique, islet isolation and quality assessment, postoperative patient management, and establishment of uniform metrics for data collection and multicenter studies. TP-IAT is an option for patients with otherwise intractable acute recurrent or chronic pancreatitis which presents potential for pain relief and improved quality of life, often with partial or complete diabetes remission.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The prevalence and impact of chronic gastrointestinal dysmotility following total pancreactectomy with islet autotransplantation (TP-IAT) for chronic pancreatitis is not known. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of all patients who underwent TP-IAT at our institution from August 2011 to November 2015 was undertaken. The GCSI (Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index), PAGI-SYM (Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders-Symptom Severity Index), PAC-SYM (Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptoms), Bristol stool chart, 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), and visual analog scale for pain were administered ≥4 weeks following TP-IAT. KEY RESULTS: The prevalence of any dysmotility symptoms in patients who completed the survey (33/45, 73%) post-TP-IAT was 45%. Post-TP-IAT, the mean reduction in opioid dosing was 77.6 oral morphine equivalents (OMEs) (95% CI 32.1-123.0, p = 0.002) with 42% of patients requiring no opioids. There was significant negative correlation between dysmotility scores and SF-12 physical scores (r = -0.46, p = 0.008, 95% CI -0.70 to -0.13). Self-reported abdominal pain had significant negative correlation with both physical and mental SF-12 scores (r = -0.67, p < 0.001, 95% CI -0.83 to -0.41 and r = -0.39, p = 0.03, 95% CI -0.65 to -0.04). There was no correlation between gastrointestinal dysmotility and self-reported pain. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES: Symptoms of chronic gastrointestinal dysmotility and chronic abdominal pain are common post-TP-IAT and will need to be better recognized and differentiated to improve the management of these patients.