RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Several authors have suggested an association between the ABO system (ABOS) and the risk of SARS CoV-2 infection. The objective of the present study was to identify the susceptibility of ABOS blood groups to COVID-19 at the National Institute of Public Health (INSP) of Mali. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was an unpaired case-control study. The cases (402) were COVID-19 patients, and the controls (5438) were Muslim pilgrims, all of whom had undergone ABO blood grouping at the INSP. Logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection status using SPSS version25 software. RESULTS: Blood types had the following frequencies: O(34%), B(30%), A(28%), AB(8%) for cases and O(42%), B(27%), A(25%), AB(6%) for controls. COVID-19 positive status was not significantly associated with blood groups A(oR=1.17; CI95%[0.93-1.47]), B(OR=1.11; CI95%[0.89-1.39]) and AB(OR=1.41; CI95%[0.97-2.06]). However, blood group O subjects were 28 times less likely to have COVID-19 than non-O(OR=0.72; CI95%[0.58-0.89). CONCLUSION: The results show that blood group O individuals were less likely to have SARS CoV-2 infection than non-O individuals. This should not affect the use of barrier measures in ABOS groups.

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INTRODUCTION: Plusieurs auteurs ont suggéré une association entre le système ABO (SABO) et le risque d'infection au SRAS CoV-2. La présente étude avait pour objectif d'identifier la susceptibilité des groupes sanguins du SABO au COVID-19à l'Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP) du Mali. MATÉRIEL ET MÉTHODES: Il s'agissait une étude cas-témoins non appariée. Les cas (402) étaient des patients COVID-19 et les témoins (5438) des pèlerins musulmans tous ayant fait le groupage sanguin ABO à l'INSP. Une régression logistique fut réalisée afin d'identifier les facteurs associés au statut infectieux à SRAS-CoV-2en utilisant le logiciel SPSS version25. RÉSULTATS: Les groupes sanguins avaient les fréquences suivantes : O(34%), B(30%), A(28%), AB(8%) pour les cas et O(42%), B(27%), A(25%), AB(6%) pour les témoins. Le statut COVID-19 positif n'était pas significativement associé aux groupes sanguins A(OR=1,17; IC95%[0,93-1,47]), B(OR=1,11; IC95%[0,89-1,39]) et AB(OR=1,41; IC95%[0,97-2,06]). Cependant, les sujets du groupe sanguin O étaient 28 fois moins susceptibles de faire la COVID-19 que les non O(OR=0,72; IC95%[0,58-0,89). CONCLUSION: Les résultats suggèrent que les personnes du groupe sanguin O étaient moins susceptibles de faire l'infection par le SRAS CoV-2 que les non O. Cela ne devrait pas influer sur l'utilisation des mesures barrières au sein des groupes SABO.

Asunto(s)

COVID-19 , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , SARS-CoV-2 , Malí/epidemiología , Salud Pública , Sistema del Grupo Sanguíneo ABO

RESUMEN

Introduction: Plusieurs auteurs ont suggéré une association entre le système ABO (SABO) et le risque d'infection au SRAS CoV-2. La présente étude avait pour objectif d'identifier la susceptibilité des groupes sanguins du SABO au COVID-19à l'Institut National de Santé Publique (INSP) du Mali. Matériel et méthodes : Il s'agissait une étude cas-témoins non appariée. Les cas (402) étaient des patients COVID-19 et les témoins (5438) des pèlerins musulmans tous ayant fait le groupage sanguin ABO à l'INSP. Une régression logistique fut réalisée afin d'identifier les facteurs associés au statut infectieux à SRAS-CoV-2en utilisant le logiciel SPSS version25. Résultats: Les groupes sanguins avaient les fréquences suivantes : O(34%), B(30%), A(28%), AB(8%) pour les cas et O(42%), B(27%), A(25%), AB(6%) pour les témoins. Le statut COVID-19 positif n'était pas significativement associé aux groupes sanguins A(OR=1,17; IC95%[0,93-1,47]), B(OR=1,11; IC95%[0,89-1,39]) et AB(OR=1,41; IC95%[0,97-2,06]). Cependant, les sujets du groupe sanguin O étaient 28 fois moins susceptibles de faire la COVID-19 que les non O(OR=0,72; IC95%[0,58-0,89). Conclusion: Les résultats suggèrent que les personnes du groupe sanguin O étaient moins susceptibles de faire l'infection par le SRAS CoV-2 que les non O. Cela ne devrait pas influer sur l'utilisation des mesures barrières au sein des groupes SABO.

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Introduction: Several authors have suggested an association between the ABO system (ABOS) and the risk of SARS CoV-2 infection. The objective of the present study was to identify the susceptibility of ABOS blood groups to COVID-19 at the National Institute of Public Health (INSP) of Mali. Material and methods: This was an unpaired case-control study. The cases (402) were COVID-19 patients, and the controls (5438) were Muslim pilgrims, all of whom had undergone ABO blood grouping at the INSP. Logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection status using SPSS version25 software. Results: Blood types had the following frequencies: O(34%), B(30%), A(28%), AB(8%) for cases and O(42%), B(27%), A(25%), AB(6%) for controls. COVID-19 positive status was not significantly associated with blood groups A(OR=1.17; CI95%[0.93-1.47]), B(OR=1.11; CI95%[0.89-1.39]) and AB(OR=1.41; CI95%[0.97-2.06]). However, blood group O subjects were 28 times less likely to have COVID-19 than non-O(OR=0.72; CI95%[0.58-0.89). Conclusion: The results show that blood group O individuals were less likely to have SARS CoV-2 infection than non-O individuals. This should not affect the use of barrier measures in ABOS groups.

Asunto(s)

Antígenos de Grupos Sanguíneos , COVID-19

RESUMEN

Invasive fusariosis has a high mortality and is predominantly observed in patients with leukemia. We report the first case of a novel species of Fusarium, Fusarium riograndense sp. nov, isolated from a lesion in the nasal cavity lesion of a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The etiological agent was identified by Multilocus Sequencing Typing (MLST), including RPB2, TEF-1α, and ITS-LSU sequences, the gold standard technique to identify new species of Fusarium. MLST and phenotypic data strongly supported its inclusion in the F. solani species complex (FSSC). The new species produced a red pigment in the Sabouraud Dextrose Agar similar to other members of the complex. The macroconiodia developed from phialides on multibranched conidiophores which merge to form effuse sporodochia with a basal foot-cell instead of papilla in basal cell shape. The microconidia were ellipsoidal, 0-1-septated, produced from long monophialides. Chlamydospores were produced singly or in pairs. Amphotericin B (MIC 1µg/mL) was the most active drug, followed by voriconazole (MIC 8µg/mL). The patient was successfully treated with voriconazole. Our findings indicate another lineage within FSSC capable causing of invasive human infection.

Asunto(s)

Fusarium/genética , Fusarium/aislamiento & purificación , Rinitis/microbiología , Sinusitis/microbiología , Anfotericina B/farmacología , Anfotericina B/uso terapéutico , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Niño , Fusariosis/microbiología , Fusarium/clasificación , Fusarium/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Tipificación de Secuencias Multilocus/métodos , Nariz/microbiología , Filogenia , Rinitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Rinitis/etiología , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Sinusitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Sinusitis/etiología , Esporas Fúngicas/efectos de los fármacos , Esporas Fúngicas/ultraestructura

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: Typhoid fever is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in typhoid endemic countries like Bangladesh. However, data on the clinical and microbiological profile as well as factors associated with complications of typhoid in Bangladesh are scarce. We intended to characterise the clinical and microbiological profile of culture-proven typhoid fever and to identify factors associated with complications. METHODOLOGY: Retrospective analysis of clinical data from 431 patients with culture-confirmed typhoid fever admitted to Dhaka hospital of International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, between January 2010 and December 2014. Clinical and microbiological profiles of the patients including age, sex, and duration of illness prior to hospital admission, haematological parameters and the antimicrobial resistance profile of the infecting isolate, duration of hospital stay and defervescence time were examined by logistic regression to identify the factors associated with complications. RESULT: About one of three patients were children under 5 years, and 21.5% of them were severely malnourished. During hospitalisation, 17.4% patients developed complications; mainly encephalopathy (6.7%), ileus (6.5%) and pneumonia (3.5%). Among culture-positive cases, 28.3% isolates showed multidrug resistant (MDR) and more than 90% of isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid and had intermediate sensitivity to ciprofloxacin. Five isolates were resistant to azithromycin; all isolates were sensitive to cefixime and ceftriaxone. Complication was independently associated with duration of fever before admission (adjusted odds ratio: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.074-0.97; P < 0.05), thrombocytopenia on admission (AOR: 2.84; 95% CI: 01.06-7.57; P < 0.05), duration of hospital stay (AOR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.15-1.57; P < 0.01) and defervescence time (AOR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.70-0.99; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of typhoid fever among under-five children and complications among hospitalised patients are matters of concern. Sensitivity of Salmonella Typhi to ceftriaxone and cefixime was better than to other conventional antibiotics. Shorter duration of fever and thrombocytopenia on admission can be considered as early signs of complications.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Fiebre , Hospitalización , Salmonella typhi/efectos de los fármacos , Trombocitopenia/complicaciones , Fiebre Tifoidea , Adolescente , Adulto , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Bangladesh/epidemiología , Encefalopatías/tratamiento farmacológico , Encefalopatías/etiología , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Fiebre/tratamiento farmacológico , Fiebre/microbiología , Hospitales Urbanos , Humanos , Ileus/etiología , Lactante , Masculino , Desnutrición/complicaciones , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Neumonía/etiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Salmonella typhi/crecimiento & desarrollo , Fiebre Tifoidea/complicaciones , Fiebre Tifoidea/tratamiento farmacológico , Fiebre Tifoidea/epidemiología , Fiebre Tifoidea/microbiología

RESUMEN

The re-emergence of swine dysentery (Brachyspira-associated muco-haemorrhagic colitis) since the late 2000s has illuminated diagnostic challenges associated with this genus. The methods used to detect, identify, and characterize Brachyspira from clinical samples have not been standardized, and laboratories frequently rely heavily on in-house techniques. Particularly concerning is the lack of standardized methods for determining and interpreting the antimicrobial susceptibility of Brachyspira spp. The integration of laboratory data into a treatment plan is a critical component of prudent antimicrobial usage. Therefore, the lack of standardized methods is an important limitation to the evidence-based use of antimicrobials. This review will focus on describing the methodological limitations and inconsistencies between current susceptibility testing schemes employed for Brachyspira, provide an overview of what we do know about the susceptibility of these organisms, and suggest future directions to improve and standardize diagnostic strategies.

Asunto(s)

Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Brachyspira/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Animales , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/microbiología , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/veterinaria , Porcinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/microbiología

RESUMEN

Mycoplasma bovis is a pathogen globally affecting cattle and bison herds, causing pneumonia, arthritis, mastitis, abortions, and other symptoms, leading to huge economic losses. Many studies have been done regarding the antimicrobial susceptibility of M. bovis isolated from cattle, but no such study is available for isolates recovered from bison. For the first time, in vitro susceptibilities of 40 M. bovis clinical isolates collected from bison herds in Canada are reported here. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined using Sensititre® plates. The most effective MIC50 and MIC90 were for spectinomycin (1 and >64 µg/mL), tiamulin (1 and >32 µg/mL), and tulathromycin (16 and 64 µg/mL), whereas tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and florfenicol failed to inhibit growth of M. bovis bison isolates. Isolates were nonsusceptible to tetracyclines (100%), fluoroquinolones (97.5%), and tilmicosin (100%), whereas the highest susceptibility of bison clinical isolates was seen with spectinomycin (95%) and tulathromycin (67.5%). Two lung isolates (Mb283 and 348) were found resistant to both spectinomycin and tulathromycin. These results show a marked difference in antimicrobial susceptibility of bison isolates as compared with previously reported and laboratory reference cattle isolates, emphasizing the necessity of testing antimicrobial susceptibility of M. bovis bison isolates and to generate better therapeutic regime for improved recovery chances for infected bison herds across North America.

Asunto(s)

Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Bison/microbiología , Mycoplasma bovis/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Bovinos/microbiología , Femenino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana

RESUMEN

OBJETIVO: caracterizar microbiológicamente los aislamientos de Staphylococcus aureus recuperados a partir de muestras purulentas tomadas a pacientes con infecciones asociadas a la atención sanitaria en el Hospital Ortopédico Docente "Fructuoso Rodríguez" de enero a mayo de 2014. MÉTODO: estudio descriptivo realizado en el Hospital Ortopédico Docente "Fructuoso Rodríguez" de enero a mayo de 2014 en el que se analizaron 134 muestras de pacientes hospitalizados. El procesamiento de las muestras se realizó por métodos microbiológicos convencionales, y en aquellas donde se recuperó S. aureus se determinó la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana por el método de Bauer Kirby y de E-test para vancomicina. RESULTADOS: En 41,0 % de los aislamientos se identificó S. aureus. El 52,7 % de estos se obtuvieron de heridas quirúrgicas. Se encontró que 50,9 % de los aislamientos de S. aureus fueron meticillin resistentes. No se encontró ninguna cepa resistente a vancomicina. Los aislamientos de S. aureus meticillin resistentes resultaron ser significativamente más resistentes que los de S. aureus meticillin sensibles para eritromicina y las tetraciclinas (tetraciclina y doxiciclina). CONCLUSIONES: S. aureus resultó el microorganismo más encontrado en las muestras purulentas estudiadas. En los aislamientos hospitalarios S. aureus predominó en las heridas quirúrgicas lo cual está en correspondencia con la literatura revisada. La mitad de los aislamientos estudiados resultaron ser S. aureus meticillin resistentes. Todos los antimicrobianos testados, con excepción de vancomicina, mostraron mayores porcentajes de resistencia en los aislamientos meticillin resistentes que en los meticillin sensibles lo que representa un aumento en la estadía hospitalaria y en el costo de la atención médica en aquellos pacientes con S. aureus meticillin resistentes.

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OBJECTIVE: microbiologically characterize isolates of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from purulent samples to patients with infections associated with health care at "Fructuoso Rodríguez" Teaching Orthopedic Hospital from January to May 2014. METHOD: a descriptive study was conducted at "Fructuoso Rodríguez" Teaching Orthopedic Hospital from January to May 2014 in which 134 samples from hospitalized patients were analyzed. Sample processing was performed by conventional microbiological methods and for those samples where S. aureus was recovered, antimicrobial susceptibility by the Kirby Bauer method and E-test was determined for vancomycin. RESULTS: 41.0 % of S. aureus isolates were identified. 52.7 % of these were obtained from surgical wounds. It was found that 50.9 % of the isolates were meticillin-resistant S. aureus. No vancomycin resistant strain was found. The isolates of meticillin-resistant S. aureus were significantly more resistant than S. aureus meticillin sensitive to erythromycin and tetracyclines (tetracycline and doxycycline). CONCLUSIONS: S. aureus was the microorganism most found in the purulent samples studied. In hospital S. aureus isolates predominated in the surgical wound which is in line with the literature reviewed. Half of the studied isolates proved meticillin-resistant S. aureus. All antimicrobials tested except vancomycin, showed higher percentages of meticillin resistance in isolates resistant to meticillin sensitive in which an increase in the hospital stay and cost of care for patients with S. aureus meticillin resistant.

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OBJECTIF: le but de ce travail est de caractériser du point de vue microbiologique les isolats de Staphylococcus aureus prélevés des échantillons purulents de patients affectés par des infections associées aux soins de santé du service d'orthopédie de l'hôpital universitaire "Fructuoso Rodríguez" depuis janvier jusqu'à mai 2014. MÉTHODES: une étude descriptive de 134 échantillons de patients hospitalisés à l'hôpital universitaire "Fructuoso Rodríguez" a été réalisée depuis janvier jusqu'à mai 2014. L'analyse de ces échantillons a été effectuée par des méthodes microbiologiques conventionnelles. La susceptibilité antimicrobienne a été définie par la méthode de Kirby Bauer et le test de sensibilité à la vancomycine dans les échantillons où le S. aureus a été récupéré. RÉSULTATS: le S. aureus a été identifié dans 41 % des isolats. Une partie (52.7 %) a été obtenue des blessures chirurgicales. On a trouvé que 50.9 % des isolats de S. aureus étaient résistants à la méticilline, tandis qu'aucune souche résistante à la vancomycine n'a été trouvée. Les isolats de S. aureus résistant à la méticilline étaient significativement plus résistants que les isolats de S. aureus sensibles à la méticilline pour l'érythromycine et les tétracyclines (tétracycline et doxicilline). CONCLUSIONS: le Staphylococcus aureus a été le microorganisme le plus souvent trouvé dans les échantillons purulents étudiés. Concernant les isolats hospitaliers, le S. aureus a été en majorité surtout dans les blessures chirurgicales, ce qui est en correspondance avec la littérature révisée. La moitié des isolats analysés ont mis en évidence un Staphylococcus aureus résistant à la méticilline. Tous les antimicrobiens testés, à l'exception de la vancomycine, ont montré des pourcentages de résistance beaucoup plus hauts dans les isolats résistants à la méticilline que dans les isolats sensibles à la méticilline. Ceci a résulté en une augmentation du séjour hospitalier et du coût des soins de santé des patients touchés par S. aureus résistant à la méticilline.

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Ortopedia , Resistencia a la Tetraciclina , Técnicas Microbiológicas/métodos , Atención Hospitalaria , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/aislamiento & purificación , Epidemiología Descriptiva

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IL-1ß (-511C>T), TNFα (-308 G>A), IL-10 (-1082 G>A) and IL-1RN VNTR polymorphisms in the susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Tunisians. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Using PCR-based methods, 104 RA patients and 150 healthy controls were investigated. We compared allele and genotype frequencies in RA patients versus controls and analyzed their correlations with erosive form (EF). RESULTS: IL1-RN VNTR A1A3 genotype is associated with higher risk of RA (P=0.012, OR=4.31). Among the cases, males who carry this genotype were more exposed to RA (P=0.044, OR=8, 47). For IL1- ß gene, a significantly higher frequency of the -511C/C genotype was observed in RA patients in comparison to controls (P=0.013, OR=2.45). This higher frequency was especially observed in women (P=0,003, OR=3.42). In contrast, IL10-1082G/G genotype was less common in patients (P=0.046, OR=0.46). According to EF, men carrying IL1-RN VNTR A1A3 (P=0.005 OR=5.28) and IL1-ß-511C/C (P=0.015 OR=2.61) genotypes develop non EF of RA. Moreover, TNFα-308 A allele (P=0.024, OR=1.84) and A/A genotype (P=0.033, OR=3.1) were positively associated to EF of RA. However, G allele (P=0.024, OR=0.31) and GG genotype (P=0.31, OR=0.031) of the TNFα-308 were protectors. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that IL-1RN VNTR, IL-1ß (-511C>T) and IL-10 (-1082 G>A) are associated with susceptibility to RA, and that IL-1RN VNTR, IL-1ß (-511C>T) and TNFα (-308 G>A) are associated with severity of RA.

Asunto(s)

Artritis Reumatoide/genética , Proteína Antagonista del Receptor de Interleucina 1/genética , Interleucina-10/genética , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/genética , Adulto , Alelos , Artritis Reumatoide/epidemiología , Artritis Reumatoide/etnología , Etnicidad/genética , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Genotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Repeticiones de Minisatélite , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Estudios Prospectivos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Distribución por Sexo , Túnez/epidemiología

RESUMEN

Genetic predisposition to prostate cancer rarely corresponds to a high penetrance Mendelian pattern of inheritance. These hereditary forms are specific entities for which mutations in the BRCA2 gene, the HOXB13 gene (variant G84E) or, to a lesser extent BRCA1 gene, must be researched. In contrast, the genetic component of the majority of prostate cancer is polygenic, involving an unfavorable combination of common genetic variants, resulting from a mixture of the genetic inheritance of the father and the mother. One hundred of these genetic susceptibility variants have now been identified and validated. The main phenotypic trait associated with hereditary predisposition is the younger age at onset, which warrants special monitoring in order to stay in the window of curability at diagnosis. The psychological impact of a family history of prostate cancer or breast cancer favors the establishment of a dedicated monitoring and procedures for early diagnosis.

Asunto(s)

Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Neoplasias de la Próstata/genética , Factores de Edad , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Genes BRCA1 , Genes BRCA2 , Proteínas de Homeodominio/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Mutación , Síndromes Neoplásicos Hereditarios/genética , Neoplasias de la Próstata/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Próstata/psicología

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The dental units water pipes are a favorable medium for biofilms formation because of the small diameter of the pipe and the duration of water stagnation, but the question which arises is the nature of the biofilms which are formed inside? This article gives a progress report on the nature of this microbial contamination and precisely the fungal biofilms formation by examining their susceptibility to antifungal agents under different growth phases. METHODS: Sixteen samples of dental units water pipes were taken from public dental clinic and from stomatology unit at the university hospital of Tlemcen (Algeria). The isolated strains were identified by the conventional mycological methods and were analyzed to determine their minimal concentrations inhibiting their growth (planktonic and sessile forms) using three antifungal agents. RESULTS: Five strains type Candida guilliermondii were identified and analyzed for their resistance to antifungal agents. Antifungal susceptibility testing demonstrated the sensitivity of all planktonic Candida guilliermondii cells against amphotericin-B, voriconzole and caspofungin but the sessile cells of these strains revealed a less susceptibility to antifungal agents and even a resistance when the biofilm made mature. CONCLUSION: Several types of yeast contaminated the dental units water pipes and especially Candida guilliermondii that was the most founded. This specie was susceptible to antifungal agents under planctonic forms and resistance where the biofilm made mature.

Asunto(s)

Anfotericina B/farmacología , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Candida , Instituciones Odontológicas , Equinocandinas/farmacología , Voriconazol/farmacología , Argelia , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Candida/efectos de los fármacos , Candida/crecimiento & desarrollo , Caspofungina , Infección Hospitalaria/microbiología , Clínicas Odontológicas , Servicio Odontológico Hospitalario , Contaminación de Equipos , Hospitales Universitarios , Humanos , Lipopéptidos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Calidad del Agua

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) among patients with vaginitis, frequency of different Candida species, and their susceptibility profile. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Over six months period, high vaginal swabs were cultured on Sabouraud's dextrose agar and isolates were identified by culture on CHROMagar Candida and Vitek2 yeast identification system or/and API 20C (BioMerieux, France). Antifungal susceptibility of the Candida isolates was determined by E-test against amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole and caspofungin. RESULTS: One thousand seven hundred and fifty-two women with vaginitis were screened for the prevalence of Candida spp. Vaginal swab cultures of 231 (13.2%) women yielded Candida spp. The isolation rates of different species were as follows: Candida albicans (73.9%), Candida glabrata (19.8%), Candida kefir (1.94%), Candida tropicalis (0.96%), Candida parapsilosis (0.96%), Candida krusei (0.96%), Candida guilliermondii (0.96%), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (0.52%). All strains of C. albicans and non-C. albicans were susceptible to most of the antifungal agents tested. CONCLUSION: The high frequency with which C. albicans was recovered and its azole susceptibility support the continued use of azole agents for empirical therapy of uncomplicated VVC. However, a larger controlled study is required to determine the role of non-C. albicans in recurrent VVC.

Asunto(s)

Antifúngicos/farmacología , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Candidiasis Vulvovaginal/microbiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Candida albicans/aislamiento & purificación , Candidiasis Vulvovaginal/epidemiología , Farmacorresistencia Fúngica , Femenino , Humanos , Kuwait/epidemiología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Persona de Mediana Edad , Embarazo , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/epidemiología , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/microbiología , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential for domestic and wild populations of Aedes aegypti from Dakar and Kedougou to develop a disseminated infection after exposure to DENV-3 and DENV-1. METHODS: We have exposed sylvatic and urban population of Ae. aegypti from Senegal to bloomeals containing dengue serotype 1 and 3. At different incubation period, individual mosquito legs/wings and bodies were tested for virus presence using real time RT-PCR to estimate the infection and dissemination rates. RESULTS: The data indicated low susceptibility to DENV-3 (infection: 2.4-15.2%, and dissemination rates: 0-8.3%) and higher susceptibility to DENV-1 (infection and dissemination rates up to 50%). CONCLUSION: Aedes aegypti from Senegal seem able to develop a disseminated infection of DENV-1 and DENV-3. Further studies are needed to test their ability to transmit the two serotypes.

Asunto(s)

Aedes/virología , Virus del Dengue/genética , Dengue/transmisión , Dengue/virología , Susceptibilidad a Enfermedades/parasitología , Susceptibilidad a Enfermedades/virología , Insectos Vectores/virología , Animales , Virus del Dengue/clasificación , Interacciones Huésped-Parásitos , Humanos , Senegal , Serogrupo , Especificidad de la Especie , Población Urbana