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An understanding of tooth morphology provides better insight and is an important foundation for providing successful endodontic and restorative treatment. It also provides a deeper evaluation and baseline for future prosthetic rehabilitation. The study aimed to measure and characterizes mandibular molars using a normal divider and measurement scale using mandibular casts. Over 300 mandibular first molars were measured in dimensions including the buccolingual width, mesiodistal width, mesiobuccal height, mid-buccal height, and distobuccal height; same were repeated with intra-oral scanners digitally. The mean and standard deviation of the measurements and the correlation to age and gender were calculated using SPSS software to fabricate implant-specific strip crowns.

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Introduction: Over the past ten years, parents have become more involved in choosing the aesthetic restorations for their ward. The strip crown and the prefabricated zirconia crown are some of the common anterior aesthetic complete crowns. The purpose of this study is to examine parental satisfaction over a one-year period in children aged three to five with "Strip Crowns" versus "Preformed Primary Anterior Zirconia Crowns". Materials and Procedures: Current study included 20 children. Among them their both central incisors were restored using the two varieties of crowns. The distribution of participants was done using the permuted block randomization approach. Twenty parents who participated were called back over a year to complete the questionnaire. The data was collected and compared while the statistics are deemed significant at P < 0.05. Results: Both restoration options received positive feedback from parents. With strip crowns, there was a statistically significant correlation between overall happiness and longevity of the restoration (P = 0.003) and color (P = 0.033) in zirconium crowns. The parents who expressed less pleasure with the strip crowns' longevity and the color of zirconia crowns did so overall, though. Conclusion: In conclusion, prefabricated primary anterior zirconia crowns were more popular with parents than strip crowns. All other criteria were about equally well-liked by parents, with the exception of longevity, which was more common for zirconia crowns.

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The effect of gingival, clinical and radiographic outcomes while using prefabricated stainless steel crowns (SSC), resin strip crowns and zirconia crowns in primary molars is of interest to dentists. Clinical periodontal and radiographic evaluation was conducted for three groups at baseline 3, 6, 9 and 12 months intervals utilizing scoring system. According to the current study's findings, gingival health was better in the zirconia crown group compared to the resin strip crown and SSC groups. In addition, zirconia group demonstrated respectable clinical and radiographic outcomes when compared to resin strip crowns and stainless steel crowns, with the added benefit of better aesthetics.

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Diastema is a common finding in many populations, resulting in poor aesthetics and increasing self-consciousness when smiling. The diastema closure can be done conservatively without the use of braces by employing a variety of alternative treatment techniques, such as direct composite veneers, indirect composite veneers, porcelain laminate veneers, all-ceramic crowns, and metal-ceramic crowns. With the running trend amongst the youth of desiring faster aesthetic results in a stipulated timeframe, it has become a tedious job for the endodontist to satisfy these demands. In this time of crisis, a composite resin buildup offers a one-stop solution to all the vivid demands of the patients. This case report presents a less cumbersome procedure for the correction of midline diastemas by simple usage of stainless steel sectional matrix bands and anterior transparent crowns, which have proved beneficial for correcting these defects. To achieve an ideal smile and superior aesthetics, the usage of direct restorable composites onto the tooth surfaces has proven beneficial, providing the ultimate durability, pleasing aesthetics, and complete patient satisfaction.

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PURPOSE: The primary objective of this randomized controlled trial is to compare the clinical impact of using crowns manufactured by 3D printing and direct composite celluloid crowns as a final restoration for primary molars after pulpotomy procedures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty primary molars selected from the children needing treatment at the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic at Damascus University Faculty of Dentistry were randomized by using SPSS and divided into 2 groups based on fabricating methods: Group A: 3D-printed crowns with the utilization of biocompatible light-curing composite, and Group B: Crowns were made directly using composite carried out by prefabricated celluloid crown. The evaluation team assessed the crowns in each group using the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria for retention, marginal integrity, and gingival health at baseline, followed by 3 follow-up sessions at 3, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS: Chi-Square statistical testing was accomplished using SPSS software to compare crown failure among the experimental group. At the 12-month follow-up, no statistically significant differences were noted between groups (P = .157). For gingival health assessment, the Mann-Whitney test was used. No statistically significant differences were recorded between the 2 groups in the third follow-up month (P = .058); However, a significant difference was noted in the 6th and 12th follow-up months (P = .023, P = .000). For marginal integrity comparison, Mann-Whitney statistical Test was used for the third, sixth, and twelfth-month follow-up sessions. A significant difference was noted in all follow-up periods (3-6-12 months) between the direct and indirect crowns (P = .025, P = .025, P = .002, respectively). CONCLUSION: The 2 types of experimental crowns (direct composite celluloid crowns and the resin crowns manufactured via 3D printer) were suitable esthetic alternatives for restoring pulp-treated primary molars with a notably higher rate of retention with direct composite crowns. 3D-printed resin crowns, however, portrayed superior gingival health in addition to greater marginal integrity.

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BACKGROUND: Depending on the stage of the disease and the child's age, different types of interventions can be used to treat early childhood caries. As a result, there is not enough clinical evidence to show that one kind of restoration is better than another. The objective of this longitudinal study was to compare the results of 36 months of clinical performance of primary incisors restorations using an incremental layering technique with the ceram.x® SphereTECTM nanoceramic composite (Dentsply) or a full coverage technique with transparent strip crowns (Frasaco GmbH) with the same composite in children with or without biological caries risk factors. METHODS: 80 patients (females 42/52.5%) were included in the study. A total of 160 restorations were performed. Restorations were evaluated at baseline and at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months, according to modified Ryge criteria. CONCLUSION: Restorations with both techniques were clinically highly successful and showed similar clinical performance at postoperatively regardless of the presence of biological factors of caries risk.

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BACKGROUND: During the past decade, parental involvement for the selection of full coronal restorations for the primary anterior teeth of their children has been increased. Two most common anterior aesthetic full coronal restorations, the strip crowns and the preformed zirconia crowns, are available options. AIM: The aim of this study is to compare parental satisfaction with strip crowns and preformed primary anterior zirconia crowns over 1 year in 3-5 years old children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty maxillary primary incisors were restored by either strip crown or zirconia crown in 24 children. Permuted block randomization method was used for the allocation of participants. Twenty-four parents participated were recalled to fill the questionnaire over 1 year. One parent dropped out at the end of 1 year. Data were analyzed using the t-test and Chi-square test. P < 0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Parents were satisfied with both types of restorations. Statistically significant relationship was found between overall satisfaction and durability (P = 0.004) with strip crowns and with the color (P = 0.043) in the zirconia crowns. The parents with the lower satisfaction levels with the durability of strip crowns and color of zirconia crowns rated high overall satisfaction. CONCLUSION: Parental overall satisfaction was higher for preformed primary anterior zirconia crowns than strip crowns. Almost equal number of parents was satisfied with all other parameters except for durability, which was more for zirconia crowns.

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BACKGROUND: Providing restorations to anterior teeth in children is a challenging task due to the need for high esthetics, strength, and durability. This study was done to compare prefabricated primary zirconia with resin composite strip crowns on primary maxillary central and lateral incisors with regards to gingival health, plaque accumulation, recurrent caries, restoration failure, and opposing teeth wear over a period of 3, 6 and 12 months. METHODS: Children attending the King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry (KAUFD) clinics who needed restorations were screened for inclusion criteria. A total of 120 teeth were treated; 60 with zirconia and 60 with strip crowns. Randomization was done by simple random allocation using SPSS software version 20.0 (Armonk, NY; IBM Corp.). A simple descriptive statistic was used for analysis by Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test and Chi-square test. Level of significance was set at (α = 0.05) and level of confidence at (95%). The presented research was registered retrospectively at ClinicalTrials.gov in 6th of August 2017, under registration number NCT03184012. RESULTS: Zirconia crowns showed significantly less gingival bleeding at the 3- and 6-months follow up periods (p < 0.006, p < 0.001; respectively), less plaque accumulation at all follow up visits (p < 0.001), no restoration failure (p < 0.001), but more wear to opposing teeth (p < 0.02). No significant difference was found between the two crowns with regards to recurrent caries (p < 0.135). CONCLUSION: Based on our data we conclude that overtime teeth covered with zirconia crowns show better gingival health and less bleeding, plaque accumulation as well as less loss of material. On the other hand, zirconia can cause more loss of opposing tooth structure.

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AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the fracture toughness of pedo shade packable composite resin (Z100, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, USA) vs Protemp 4 (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) when used inside a strip crown to restore primary incisors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six exfoliated noncarious human primary central and lateral incisors were randomly divided into two equal groups. The teeth were prepared to standardized dimensions to receive a strip crown. All the teeth were etched, rinsed, and dried following which bonding agent was applied and light cured. In group I, pedo shade packable composite resin (Z100, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, USA) was packed into strip crowns, placed on the prepared tooth, and light cured. In group II, the strip crowns were filled with Protemp 4 (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany), placed on the prepared tooth, and left to autopolymerize for 10 minutes. The strip crowns were removed, and the teeth were tested using the universal testing machine until fracture. Fracture toughness of the two groups was recorded and analyzed statistically using Student's "t" test. RESULTS: The mean force required to fracture strip crowns restored with Protemp 4 (416.89 ± 124.58 N) was higher when compared with pedo shade packable composite resin (338.27 ± 130.99 N). However, statistical analysis did not show a significant difference in the fracture toughness between the two groups (p = 0.074), based on Student's "t" test results. CONCLUSION: The fracture toughness of teeth restored with Protemp 4 was comparable with pedo shade packable composite resin when used inside a strip crown. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The use of Protemp 4 is a possible alternative to pedo shade packable composite resin in restoring the primary anterior teeth, when used inside the strip crowns. The data also showed that the fracture toughness of Protemp 4 was comparable with pedo shade packable composite resin. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Vignesh KC, Kandaswamy E, Muthu MS. A Comparative Evaluation of Fracture Toughness of Composite Resin vs Protemp 4 for Use in Strip Crowns: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(1):57-60.

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INTRODUCTION: The endodontic treatment of primary teeth does provide symptomatic relief and masticatory rehabilitation to the child, but mere completion of endodontic procedure does not guarantee long-term success. Teeth that have not been restored coronally after endodontic treatment have high chances of failure. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and awareness among general dental practitioners in Chennai regarding rehabilitation with full coverage restoration in children following pulp therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multiple choice questionnaire comprising 15 questions was given to 150 general dental practitioners in Chennai. The questionnaire assessed their knowledge and clinical practice of pulp therapy, tooth preparation, and restorative crowns for pediatric patients. The data were collected and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The findings of this study reveal wide variations in the knowledge and practice of general dental practitioners in Chennai regarding rehabilitation with full coverage restoration in children. CONCLUSION: The conclusion drawn from this study is that we need to update their knowledge regarding rehabilitation with full coverage restorations in children. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Bedre AS, Gurunathan D. Knowledge and Awareness among General Dental Practitioners in Chennai Regarding Rehabilitation with Full Coverage Restoration in Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(6):590-594.