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Fiber-reinforced polymer composites are preferred over conventional materials because of their superior strength and modulus. Previously limited due to high manufacturing costs, synthetic fibers have been replaced by some natural fibers, such as waste wheat straw fibers. Here, epoxy-based polymer composites' mechanical and physical properties have been investigated, focusing on fiber weight ratios for both treated and untreated fiber. The research found that treated fibers display more effective mechanical qualities than untreated fibers, with a higher tensile strength of 54.4 MPa. The untreated Wheat Straw-Glass fiber reinforced composite has a less tensile strength of 26.3 MPa (10 wt% fiber). Pure resin-based composite has the most minor tensile strength at 1.52 MPa. The highest flexural strength obtained for hybrid composite is 88.76 MPa for treated fiber with epoxy resin and 49.6 MPa for untreated 30 wt % fiber. At the same time, the sole epoxy resin composite has the lowest value of 10.60 MPa. Untreated fiber (30 wt%) has the highest impact energy of 8J. Untreated wheat straw fiber absorbs more water due to its hydrophilic nature. In contrast, treated fiber exhibits better bonding and minimal water content, and the sole epoxy resin composite exhibits hydrophobic properties, resulting in less water absorption. The treated fiber displays better bonding than the untreated fiber throughout the SEM analysis. Wheat Straw fiber is mainly used for biodegradable plastic formation, housing construction, building materials, etc.

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Straw return and biochar application are prevalent agricultural practices that bolster soil health, enhancing crop yields. However, their synergistic effects on carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in the acidic tea field soil at different age stages have not been fully elucidated. Herein, tea field soil with 5 and 15 years planting (5a and 15a, respectively) were individually incubated in five distinct indoor experiments: control, soil with urea (N), soil with urea and biochar (N + C), soil with urea and straw (N + S), and soil with urea, biochar, and straw (N + C + S). The results demonstrated that the pH values under 15a (4.1-5.6) were significantly lower than those under 5a (5.8-7.3), and both straw and biochar addition effectively improved soil acidification. Straw or biochar addition alone acted as carbon sources, leading to heightened N2O and CO2 emissions. N + S increased N2O emissions (3.17 and 5.85-fold) and CO2 cumulative emissions (6.43 and 2.33-fold) under 5a and 15a compared with the control. Relative to N treatment, biochar addition alone increased CO2 emission (1.22 and 1.35-fold) under 5a and 15a, and increased N2O emissions by 14.73% under 5a, decreased N2O emissions by 74.65% under 15a. However, the combined application of straw and biochar reduced N2O (49.4%,17.58%) and CO2 emissions (57.83% and 33.60%) due to stimulating biochar adsorption, respectively, compared with N + S treatment under 5a and 15a. Therefore, biochar and straw addition together can effectively increase soil fertilizer and inhibit greenhouse gas emissions, this study provides an insightful way and effective option for improving acid soil and protecting high soil health with a low greenhouse gas emission intensity.

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Oat straw, a residue of Avena sativa L., is recognized for its abundance in cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. However, its potential as a source of lipophilic compounds within the framework of a biorefinery concept still remains unexplored. In this study, we conducted an extensive investigation into the content and chemical composition of the lipophilic compounds present in acetone extracts from oat straws of two distinct oat varieties, namely, Karen and Isaura. Furthermore, we examined their seasonal variability in content and composition in straw samples from oats planted in both spring and winter seasons. The extracted lipophilic compounds were predominantly composed of high molecular weight esters (26.0-38.1%), steroids (16.6-24.0%), n-fatty alcohols (10.9-20.7%), n-fatty acids (10.9-16.0%), and n-aldehydes (10.7-15.8%), with lower amounts of n-alkanes (1.1-3.0%), acylglycerides (2.3-3.8%), phytol and phytyl esters (0.6-2.9%), ß-diketones (0.1-2.5%), triterpenoids (0.9-1.2%), tocopherols and tocopheryl esters (0.2-0.7%), 2-hydroxy fatty acids (0.1-0.2%), and n-alkylresorcinols (0.1%). Notably, these different classes of compounds exhibited variations in their contents depending on the oat variety and the specific planting season. Of particular interest was the Karen variety, which presented significant amounts of high molecular weight esters, free fatty acids, and acylglycerols, especially when it was cultivated during the winter season. These findings underline the potential of oat straw as a valuable resource for lipid extraction within a biorefinery context and emphasize the importance of selecting the appropriate variety and season for optimal lipid yield.

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The intensive use of chemical fertilizers in China to maintain high crop yields has led to significant environmental degradation and destabilized crop production. Returning straw to soil presents a potential alternative to reduce chemical fertilizer requirements and enhance soil fertility. This study investigates the effects of different nitrogen (N) input levels and straw additions on crop phosphorus (P) uptake and soil P availability based on a long-term N-fertilizer trial. The treatments included no fertilizer input (CK), conventional (NPK), reduced NPK (0.75NPK), and straw-amended (SNPK) treatments. Results indicate that SNPK significantly enhances shoot P uptake and crop yields by 43.7-61.9% and 29.3-39.6%, respectively. The SNPK treatment improved rhizosphere P availability and increased the phosphorus activation coefficient (PAC) by 1.72-fold compared to NPK alone. The enhanced soil P availability under SNPK was primarily attributed to an abundance of functional microbes, leading to higher P storage in the microbial biomass P pool and its turnover. Additionally, SNPK promoted root exudate and phosphate-mobilizing microbes, enhancing P mobilization and uptake. Nitrogen fertilization primarily influenced root functional traits related to P acquisition. These findings provide valuable insights for developing effective fertilizer management strategies in maize-oilseed rape rotation systems, emphasizing the benefits of integrating straw with chemical fertilizers.

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Straw return has important impacts on black soil protection, food security, and environmental protection. One year of straw return (S1) reduces rice yield and increases greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, the effects of successive years of straw return on rice yield, soil nutrients, and GHG emissions in the northeast rice region are still unclear. Therefore, we conducted four successive years of straw return (S4) in a positional experiment to investigate the effects of different years of straw return on rice yield, soil nutrients, and GHG emissions in the northeast rice region. The experimental treatments included the following: no straw return (S0), a year of straw return (S1), two successive years of straw return (S2), three successive years of straw return (S3), and four successive years of straw return (S4). Compared with S1, the rice yields of S2, S3, and S4 increased by 10.89%, 15.46%, and 16.98%, respectively. But only S4 increased by 4.64% compared to S0, while other treatments were lower than S0. S4 increased panicles per m2 and spikelets per panicle by 9.34% and 8.93%, respectively, compared to S1. Panicles per m2 decreased by 8.06% at S4 compared to S0, while spikelets per panicle increased by 13.23%. Compared with S0, the soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, NH4+-N, NO3--N, available phosphorus, and available potassium of S4 increased by 11.68%, 10.15%, 24.62%, 21.38%, 12.33%, and 13.35%, respectively. Successive years of rice straw return decreased GHG intensity (GHGI). Compared with S1, the GHGI of S4, S3, and S2 decreased by 16.2%, 11.84%, and 9.36%, respectively. Thus, S4 increased rice yield and soil nutrients, reducing GHGI.

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Returning straw to the field is a crucial practice for enhancing soil quality and increasing efficient use of secondary crop products. However, maize straw has a higher carbon-to-nitrogen ratio compared to other crops. This can result in crop nitrogen loss when the straw is returned to the field. Therefore, it is crucial to explore how different methods of straw return affect maize (Zea mays L.) farmland. In this study, a field experiment was performed with three treatments (I, no straw returned, CK; II, direct straw return, SR; and III, straw returned in deep furrows, ISR) to explore the effects of the different straw return modes on soil carbon and nitrogen content and greenhouse gas emissions. The results indicated that the SR and ISR treatments increased the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content in the topsoil (0-15 cm). Additionally, the ISR treatment boosted the contents of total nitrogen (TN), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and DOC in the subsurface soil (15-30 cm) compared with CK. When it comes to greenhouse gas emissions, the ISR treatment led to an increase in CO2 emissions. However, SR and ISR reduced N2O emissions, with ISR showing a more pronounced reduction. The ISR treatment significantly increased leaf and grain biomass compared to CK and SR. The correlation analyses showed that the yield was positively correlated with soil DOC, and soil greenhouse gas emission was correlated with soil NO3--N. The ISR technology has great potential in sequestering soil organic matter, improving soil fertility, and realizing sustainable agricultural development.

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The massive consumption of fossil fuels has led to the serious accumulation of carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere and global warming. Bioconversion technologies that utilize biomass resources to produce chemical products are becoming widely accepted and highly recognized. The world is heavily dependent on petroleum-based products, which may raise serious concerns about future environmental security. Most commercially available epoxy resins (EPs) are synthesized by the condensation of bisphenol A (BPA), which not only affects the human endocrine system and metabolism, but is also costly to produce and environmentally polluting. In some cases, straw tar-based epoxy resins have been recognized as potential alternatives to bisphenol A-based epoxy resins, and are receiving increasing attention due to their important role in overcoming the above problems. Using straw tar and lignin as the main raw materials, phenol derivatives were extracted from the middle tar instead of bisphenol A. Bio-based epoxy resins were prepared by replacing epichlorohydrin with epoxylated lignin to press carbon fiber sheets, which is a kind of bio-based fine chemical product. This paper reviews the research progress of bio-based materials such as lignin modification, straw pyrolysis, lignin epoxidation, phenol derivative extraction, and synthesis of epoxy resin. It improves the performance of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) while taking into account the ecological and environmental protection, so that the epoxy resin is developed in the direction of non-toxic, harmless and high-performance characteristics, and it also provides a new idea for the development of bio-based carbon fibers.

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Microalgae as a promising approach for wastewater treatment, has challenges in directly treating digested piggery wastewater (DPW) with high ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) concentration. To improve the performance of microalgae in DPW treatment, straw was employed as a substrate to form a straw-microalgae biofilm. The results demonstrated that the straw-microalgae biofilm achieved the highest NH4+-N removal rate of 193.2 mg L-1 d-1, which was 28.8 % higher than that of culture system without straw. The final NH4+-N concentration in the effluent met the discharge standard of 5 mg L-1. Furthermore, the total organic carbon (TOC) released from straw facilitated bacterial proliferation and the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The EPS and TOC increased the suspension viscosity and surface tension, thereby enhancing the residence time of CO2 in the liquid phase and promoting CO2 fixation. This study presented a novel method for the biological treatment of high-ammonia-nitrogen DPW.

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In present work, synthesis of a nanohybrid material using Fe and MoS2 has been performed via a cost-effective and environmentally friendly route for sustainable manufacturing innovation. Rice straw extract was prepared and used as a reducing and chelating agent to synthesize the nanohybrid material by mixing it with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and ferric nitrate [Fe (NO3)3.9H2O], followed by heating and calcination. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirms the formation of a nanohybrid consisting of monoclinic Fe2(MoO4)3, cubic Fe2.957O4, and orthorhombic FeS with 86% consisting of Fe2(MoO4)3. The properties were analyzed through Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results of the dynamic light scattering (DLS) study revealed a heterogeneous size distribution, with an average particle size of 48.42 nm for 18% of particles and 384.54 nm for 82% of particles. Additionally, the zeta potential was measured to be -18.88 mV, suggesting moderate stability. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results confirmed the presence of both Fe2+ and Fe3+ oxidation states along with the presence of Molybdenum (Mo), oxygen (O), and Sulphur (S). The prepared nanohybrid material exhibited a band gap of 2.95 eV, and the photoluminescence intensity increased almost twice that of bare MoS2. The present work holds potential applications in photo luminescent nanoplatform for biomedical applications.

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There have been numerous studies on flame retardant modification of natural fiber/PLA composite materials due to the demand for applications. However, the existing flame retardant modification methods mostly involve adding flame retardants, which have a negative impact on the mechanical properties. Based on this, this study aims to introduce sulfonic groups into the cellulose of straw fibers via modification with a sulfamic acid-based deep eutectic solvent (SDES), thereby achieving flame retardance without affecting the inherent mechanical properties of the composite material. The performance enhancement of DS/PLA is manifested in the following specific aspects: the LOI reaches 36.53 %, the thermal stability is improved from 7.8 % of the residual carbon of PS/PLA to 38.4 %, and the tensile modulus is increased by 69.5 %. The preparation scheme for straw/PLA composite materials in this study is simple, economical, and efficient, and the flame retardant performance of the composite material is excellent, providing valuable references for flame retardant modification of natural fiber/plastic composite materials.

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Conservation Agriculture (CA) is an innovative approach that promotes sustainable farming while enhancing soil health. However, residue management challenges often hinder its adoption, causing farmers to burn crop leftovers in fields. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of various furrow openers under simulated soil bin conditions. Three types of furrow openers were examined: single disk (SD), Inverted T-type furrow opener with a plain rolling coulter (ITRC), and double disc (DD) furrow opener. Tests were conducted at different forward speeds (1.5, 2, and 2.5 km h-1) and with three straw densities (1, 2, and 3 t ha-1) at a consistent working depth of 5 cm. Draft measurements were obtained using load cells connected to an Arduino-based data-logging system. Results indicated that draft requirements increased with forward speed and straw density, while straw-cutting efficiency decreased with these factors. Average draft values for SD, ITRC, and DD were 290.3 N, 420 N, and 368.5 N, respectively, and straw-cutting efficiencies were 53.62%, 59.47%, and 74.89%, respectively. The DD furrow opener showed the highest straw-cutting efficiency (81.36%) at a working speed of 1.5 km h-1 and a straw density of 1 t ha-1, demonstrating optimal performance compared to other furrow openers.

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The survival and growth of plant pathogens on crop residues are key factors facilitating the dynamics of crop diseases. Spores (e.g., perithecia, and chlamydospores) and mycelium of pathogenic fungi overwinter on harvest residues, such as straw, and serve as initial inoculum infecting crops in the next growing season. Therefore, targeting overwintering fungi is essential to attaining effective disease control. Beneficial microorganisms offer advantages in controlling pathogens through their ability to colonize and exploit different environmental niches. In this study, we applied qPCR assays to explore the biocontrol performance of locally isolated strains of Clonostachys against various Fusarium pathogens. We proved that prior colonization of wheat straw by Fusarium spp. can be effectively reduced by Clonostachys rosea. We demonstrated that the efficiency of C. rosea to reduce Fusarium inoculum appears to remain at a similar level for most studied strains regardless of the target pathogen and the level of colonization of substrates by pathogens. Efficient performance of local C. rosea strains identifies possible targets for future strategies to control Fusarium diseases in cereals. Our study also highlights the challenge in sequence-based determination of C. rosea, which is crucial for the efficient selection of beneficial strains for biocontrol purposes.

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This study presents a novel biotechnological approach for creating water vapor-resistant cryogels with improved integrity. Rice straw cellulose was transformed into nanofibrils through TEMPO-mediated oxidation and high-pressure homogenization. The resulting cryogels remained firm even when immersed in aqueous media, whose pores were used by live cell to deposit polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) particles inside them. This novel method allowed the compatibilization of PHA within the cellulosic fibers. As a consequence, the water sorption capacity was decreased by up to 6 times having just 4 % of PHA compared to untreated cryogels, preserving the cryogel density and elasticity. Additionally, this technique can be adapted to various bacterial strains and PHA types, allowing for further optimization. It was demonstrated that the amount and type of PHA (medium chain length and small chain length-PHA) used affects the properties for the cryogels, especially the water vapor sorption behavior and the compressive strength. Compared to traditional coating methods, this cell-mediated approach not only allows to distribute PHA on the surface of the cryogel, but also ensures polymer penetration throughout the cryogel due to bacterial self-movement. This study opens doors for creating cryogels with tunable water vapor sorption and other additional functionalities through the use of specialized PHA variants.

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The widespread utilization of straw return was a popular practice straw disposal for highly intensive agriculture in China, which has brought about some negative impacts such as less time for straw complete biodegradation, aggravation of greenhouse gas evolution, and lower efficient of carbon accumulation. It was urgent to find an eco-friendly N-rich organic fertilizer instead of mineral N as activator to solve the above problems and lead a carbon accumulation in long tern management. Besides, microbial necromass was considered as a crucial contributor to persistent soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pool. How organic fertilizer activators influence microbial residue under different amount of crop residues input remained unclear. Thus, soils incorporating moderate and high rate of rice straw residue with additions of half and full of organic activators (fish protein hydrolysates vs. manure) were incubated for measuring carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission, microbial community and necromass. It was found that soil CO2 emission was rapidest during the first 13 days of straw decomposition but remained lowest in the treatments of 50% mineral N substituted by fish protein hydrolysate. There were that 81%-89% of total CO2 release and 59%-65% of total N2O emission occurred within 60 days of incubation period, and bacterial community and nitrate positively affected soil CO2 and N2O release respectively. Straw incorporation amount and organic activator application interactively influenced soil CO2 emission but not affected soil N2O emission. After 360 days of incubation, the difference of bacterial necromass was noticeable but fungal necromass remained almost unaltered across all treatments. All treatments showed generally comparable contribution of microbial necromass N to the total N pool. The treatment of 50% mineral N substituted by fish protein hydrolysate under high rate of straw input (HSF50) promoted the highest proportion of microbial necromass C in soil organic C because of alleviating N limitation for microorganisms. Finally, HSF50 was recommended as an eco-friendly strategy for enhancing microbial necromass C and N storage and climate benefits in agroecosystems.

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Mobility and bioavailability of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in agricultural soils are affected by interactions between Cr(VI) and returned crop straws. However, the effect of straw decomposition on Cr(VI) removal and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, Cr(VI) removal by pristine and decomposed rice/rape straws was investigated by batch experiments and a series of spectroscopies. The results showed that straw decomposition inhibited Cr(VI) removal, regardless of straw types. However, the potential mechanisms of the inhibition were distinct for the two straws. For the rice straw, a lower zeta potential after decomposition suppressed Cr(VI) sorption and subsequent reduction. In addition, less Cr(VI) was reduced by the decomposed rice straw-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) than the pristine one. In contrast, for the rape straw, due to the increased zeta potential after decomposition, the decreased Cr(VI) removal was mainly ascribed to less Cr(VI) reduction by the rape straw-derived DOM. These results emphasized the significant roles of straw surface potential and DOM in Cr(VI) removal, depending on straw types and decomposition, which facilitate the fundamental understanding of Cr(VI) removal by straws and are helpful for predicting the environmental risk of Cr and rational straw return in Cr(VI)-contaminated fields.

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Polylactic acid (PLA) wood-plastic composites have a significant advantage over traditional petroleum-based plastics due to their biodegradability. However, PLA has several shortcomings, including high brittleness, low heat resistance, slow crystallization, and poor compatibility with biomass materials, which have limited its potential applications. In this paper, we investigated the effects of carboxy-terminated hyperbranched polyester (CHBP) on the mechanical, crystalline, and thermal properties of PLA/straw flour (SF) blends through extrusion injection molding. Additionally, we added the traditional plasticizer polyethylene glycol (PEG) to synergize with CHBP to enhance the toughness of PLA/SF composites. Our results showed that the appropriate addition of CHBP effectively improved the interfacial bonding between PLA and straw flour. The incorporation of CHBP also improved the tensile strength, bending strength, impact strength, elongation at break, thermal stability, and crystallization rate of the composites. Furthermore, the addition of both CHBP and PEG significantly improved the impact strength of the composites compared to using PEG alone. This method also improved the heat resistance of the material and reduced the migration of plasticizers. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of using hyperbranched polymers and plasticizers to enhance the toughness, thermal stability, and crystalline properties of PLA wood-plastic composites, providing a new approach to improving the properties of these composites.

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A high performance poly(vinyl alcohol)/straw (PVA/SP) composite film for package was fabricated in this study by using thermal processing technology of PVA established in our research group and biaxial stretching technology. The introduction of SP disrupted the original hydrogen bonds in modified PVA by forming new hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups of each component in modified system, thus promoting the stable melt casting of PVA/SP composites and also endowing the obtained PVA/SP precursor sheets with good drawability. Upon biaxial stretching, SP reinforced the crystalline structure and orientation of PVA through their hydrogen bonds with PVA, improving the mechanical strength, crystallinity and thermal stability of PVA/SP films. The film with 3.0 × 3.0 stretching ratios demonstrated the exceptional tensile strength (62.2 MPa), tear strength (119.7 kN/m), low heat shrinkage (5.2 %), and oxygen permeability coefficient (1.38 × 10-16 cm3·cm/cm2·s·Pa), which surpassed most conventional plastic films used in food packaging field. This research not only pioneered an environmentally friendly packaging solution, but also offered a novel strategy for solid-state high-value, large-scale and economical utilization of waste crop straw, greatly avoiding the adverse effects of its burning on the environment.

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In this work, shellac and its crosslinking were studied to produce paper straws for the application of liquid products. Commercial paper straws are not durable for liquid foods due to their hygroscopic nature, and thus, they find it challenging to replace single-use plastics. Shellac is a naturally occurring resin utilized as an adhesive and water-resistant coating over the paper straw. Shellac was cured at 125 °C, 150 °C, 175 °C, and 200 °C, and it was crosslinked in about 210 min, 150 min, 60 min, and 30 min respectively and studied for kinetics. The crosslinking of shellac produced a thermally stable material. Compared to commercial paper straws, these paper shellac straws exhibited high bending stiffness (1356.11 Nmm), tensile strength (13,74 MPa), flexural strength (21.72 MPa), and compression strength (24.99 MPa). Moreover, the paper shellac straws didn't bend in wet conditions under load for up to one day, while the commercial paper straw bends in 8 min. Therefore, paper straws with shellac can replace plastic-based straws for a sustainable future.

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Straw incorporation, a common agricultural strategy designed to enhance soil organic carbon (SOC), often leads to increased nitrous oxide (N2O) emission, potentially offsetting benefits of SOC sequestration. However, the mechanism and mitigation options for the enhanced N2O emission following straw incorporation remain unclear. Here, N2 and N2O emission rate, as well as N2O/(N2O + N2) ratio under four different fertilization treatments [i.e., non-fertilization (Control), conventional chemical fertilization (CF), conventional chemical fertilization plus straw incorporation (SWCF), and conventional chemical fertilization plus straw and biochar incorporation (SWBCF)] were investigated by a robotized sampling and analysis system. High-throughput sequencing was also employed to assess the variation of bacterial community across different treatments. The results showed CF, SWCF, and SWBCF fertilization treatments significantly increased N2O emission rate by 1.04, 2.01, and 1.29 folds, respectively, relative to Control treatment. Albeit no significant enhancements in N2 emission rate, the N2O/(N2O + N2) ratio significantly increased by 65.53%, 1.10 folds, and 69.49% in CF, SWCF, and SWBCF treatments, respectively. The partial least squares path modeling analysis further revealed that fertilization treatments slightly increased N2 emission rate by increasing DOC content and keystone OTUs abundance. While the enhanced N2O emission rate and N2O/(N2O + N2) ratio in the fertilization treatments was primarily determined by reducing DOC/NO3- ratio and specific bacteria module abundance dominated by Gaiellales, Solirubrobacterales, and Micrococcales. Furthermore, SWBCF treatment alleviated the increase in net global warming potential due to straw incorporation, as indicated by the higher SOC sequestration and lower N2O/(N2O + N2) ratio therein. Collectively, these findings suggest that simultaneous application of straw and biochar has the potential to mitigate the risk of increased N2O emission from straw incorporation. This study provides valuable insights for developing targeted strategies in C sequestration and greenhouse gas mitigation, tackling the challenge presented by global climate change.

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As biomass, rice straw (RS) is often valorized as a precursor of green products. In this respect, the RS-based carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are synthesized doped with N and S during the preparation. Synergistic doping with lipoic acid and ethylenediamine can vastly increase the yield of CQD from rice straw from 6.14 % to 62.8 %, and sulfur doping plays a more important role on the surface functional groups of the quantum dots. Further assessment is achieved toward the performance of SN-CQDs-hydroxypropyl cellulose nanocomposites. The optical behavior of synthesized SN-CQDs, and the critical concentration of its liquid crystal behaviors, at which the anisotropic phase begins to emerge, is approximately 1 %. Incorporating it into HPC, especially at 5 %, provided nanocomposite films with effective liquid crystal, tensile strength, and thermal stability. This sample's texture reveals a planar structure with colors ranging from yellow to red. The synergistic effect of incorporating SN-CQDs is shown by improving the strength to ~282.1 %, and the activation energy increased from 583.6 kJ.mol-1 to 615.1 kJ/mol. HPC-SN-CQDs can be assembled into an LED device, emitting warm light, of which CIE coordinate is (0.34,0.43).

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