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BACKGROUND: Adults with schizophrenia experience a range of neurocognitive problems that affect their daily functioning. Evidence for the efficacy of cognitive remediation in schizophrenia has been established, but its implementation in under-resourced community-based settings is less well-studied. In recent years, interventions have also focused on the strategy-learning approach in favor of drill-and-practice. Moreover, there is an increasing recognition to address social cognition and negative symptoms alongside neurocognition. This study attempts to carry out cognitive remediation in a community mental health setting. The Neuropsychological and Educational Approach to Remediation (NEAR) is used as the cognitive remediation intervention. Neurocognitive and social cognitive games will be introduced during the computer-assisted cognitive exercises sessions. In addition, the instructional technique will foster the use of metacognition and cognitive strategies. Moreover, metamotivation training will be the focus of some bridging sessions to enhance motivation to engage in goal-directed learning behaviors. The aims of the study are to 1) investigate the effects of cognitive remediation on neurocognition, social cognition and functional outcomes of participants with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorders in community mental health settings; and 2) explore the mediators for change (eg: metamotivation, metacognition and negative symptoms) in cognitive performance and functional outcomes. METHODS: This randomized controlled trial will be conducted in three Singapore Anglican Community Services (SACS) centers, where standard psychiatric rehabilitation is delivered. Participants who are randomized to the experimental arm will receive cognitive remediation and psychiatric rehabilitation, while those randomized to the control arm will receive standard psychiatric rehabilitation only. Cognitive remediation is carried out three times a week for 12 weeks. It consists of computer-assisted cognitive exercises, as well as bridging groups to aid transfer of learning to daily living. Baseline, post-intervention and eight-week follow-up measurements will be collected. Group by time differences in cognitive performance, negative symptoms, metamotivation, metacognition, functioning and recovery will be analyzed across the three time points. Mediators for improvement in cognitive performance and functioning will also be explored. DISCUSSION: Findings of this research will add to the body of knowledge about the key therapeutic ingredients within a strategy-based cognitive remediation program and improve its implementation within under-resourced community settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study has been registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT06286202). Date of registration: 29 February 2024. Date of last update: 21 May 2024.
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Remediación Cognitiva , Esquizofrenia , Humanos , Remediación Cognitiva/métodos , Esquizofrenia/terapia , Esquizofrenia/complicaciones , Esquizofrenia/rehabilitación , Cognición Social , Adulto , Trastornos Psicóticos/terapia , Trastornos Psicóticos/rehabilitación , Trastornos Psicóticos/complicaciones , Servicios Comunitarios de Salud Mental/métodos , Masculino , Femenino , MetacogniciónRESUMEN
Modeling solar systems necessitates the effective identification of unknown and variable photovoltaic parameters. To efficiently convert solar energy into electricity, these parameters must be precise. The research introduces the multi-strategy learning boosted colony predation algorithm (MLCPA) for optimizing photovoltaic parameters and boosting the efficiency of solar power conversion. In MLCPA, opposition-based learning can be used to investigate each individual's opposing position, thereby accelerating convergence and preserving population diversity. Level-based learning categorizes individuals according to their fitness levels and treats them differently, allowing for a more optimal balance between variation and intensity during optimization. On a variety of benchmark functions, the MLCPA's performance is compared to the performance of the best algorithms currently in use. On a variety of benchmark functions, the MLCPA's performance is compared to that of existing methods. MLCPA is then used to estimate the parameters of the single, double, and photovoltaic modules. Last but not least, the stability of the proposed MLCPA algorithm is evaluated on the datasheets of many manufacturers at varying temperatures and irradiance levels. Statistics have demonstrated that the MLCPA is more precise and dependable in predicting photovoltaic mode critical parameters, making it a viable tool for solar system parameter identification issues.
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Conducta Predatoria , Energía Solar , Humanos , Animales , Algoritmos , Electricidad , AprendizajeRESUMEN
The Tower of Hanoi (TOH) is a classic problem that can be solved via multiple strategies. This study used TOH to examine how mode of presentation of a problem influences strategy use and transfer. Undergraduate students (Experiment 1) or Prolific workers (Experiment 2) completed two TOH problems of varying difficulty (4-disk/5-disk). They were randomly assigned to different conditions in which problems were either high in internal representation (mental) or high in external representation (computer). Participants were better able to complete problems successfully when external representations were available but completed problems in fewer moves when relying on internal representations. In addition, participants spent more time between moves when solving problems mentally, suggesting that external representations encourage speed while internal representations promote accuracy when solving recursion problems. Lastly, both experiments provide evidence that first solving a problem mentally encouraged participants to use strategies similar to goal recursion on a second problem.
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Solución de Problemas , HumanosRESUMEN
This report summarises the Digital Ludeme Project, a recently launched 5-year research project being conducted at Maastricht University. This computational study of the world's traditional strategy games seeks to improve our understanding of early games, their development, and their role in the spread of related mathematical ideas throughout recorded human history.
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There are different teaching strategies for ensuring significant learning, including research seminars, workshops, directed independent reading, the clinical case, the problem-based learning methods, in-depth lines of study, etc. In many departments of the clinical area, such as the Department of Pediatrics, a clinical case taken from real life is used as an effective learning method. It consists of providing the case to all participants (students, professors, pediatricians) for study and analysis. This study is discussed in small groups and the solution or possible responses are presented in a meeting scheduled for this purpose.
Existen diferentes estrategias de enseñanza para garantizar un aprendizaje significativo, incluidos seminarios de investigación, talleres, lecturas independientes dirigidas, casos clínicos, métodos de aprendizaje basados en problemas, líneas de estudio en profundidad, etc. En muchos departamentos del área clínica, como el Departamento de Pediatría, se utiliza un caso clínico tomado de la vida real como un método de aprendizaje efectivo. Consiste en proporcionar el caso a todos los participantes (estudiantes, profesores, pediatras) para su estudio y análisis. Este estudio se analiza en grupos pequeños y la solución o posibles respuestas se presentan en una reunión programada para este fin.