RESUMEN

Background Pre-hospital delay, which refers to the time delay between the development of symptoms in the patient and the start of treatment, is one of the major factors impacting the treatment of stroke. This study aimed to identify patient characteristics and factors causing a pre-hospital delay in acute stroke (both ischemic and hemorrhagic) cases. Methodology This prospective follow-up study included 100 patients who presented with clinical features of acute stroke within 48 hours of symptom onset. A pre-designed questionnaire was administered within 72 hours of hospital admission to every patient. Results The mean time to hospital presentation was 7.73 hours. Only 2% of patients were thrombolysed. Age group, gender, education status, occupation, and socioeconomic status were not significantly (p > 0.05) associated with the mean symptom onset time to hospital arrival. Rural area (p < 0.001), nuclear family (p = 0.004), distance from the tertiary care center (p < 0.001), being alone at the time of symptom onset (p < 0.001), lack of knowledge about symptoms of stroke in patient/attendant (p < 0.001), and mode of transport were the factors that emerged as significant predictors of pre-hospital delay on univariate analysis. Living in a nuclear family, distance from the tertiary care center, and mode of transport were the factors that emerged as independent predictors of pre-hospital delay on multiple linear regression analysis. Conclusions In this study, factors associated with delayed hospital presentation including living in a nuclear family, distance from the tertiary care center, and use of public transport to reach the hospital emerged as independent predictors of pre-hospital delay.

RESUMEN

Reperfusion therapy administration timing in acute ischaemic stroke is the main determinant of patients' mortality and long-term disability. Indeed, the first hour from the stroke onset is defined the "golden hour", in which the treatment has the highest efficacy and lowest side effects. Delayed ambulance transport, inappropriate triage and difficulty in accessing CT scans lead to delayed onset to treatment time (OTT) in clinical practice. To date brain CT scan is needed to rule out intracranial haemorrhage, which is a major contraindication to thrombolytic therapy. The availability, dimension and portability make CT suitable mainly for intrahospital use, determining further delays in the therapies administration. This review aims at evaluating portable neurophysiology technologies developed with the scope of speeding up the diagnostic phase of acute stroke and, therefore, the initiation of intravenous thrombolysis. Medline databases were explored for studies concerning near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) and Microwave imaging (MWI) as methods for stroke diagnosis. A total of 1368 articles were found, and 12 of these fit with our criteria and were included in the review. For each technology, the following parameters were evaluated: diagnostic accuracy, ability to differentiate ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke, diagnosis time from stroke onset, portability and technology readiness level (TRL). All the described methods seem to be able to identify acute stroke even though the number of studies is very limited. Low cost and portability make them potentially usable during ambulance transport, possibly leading to a reduction of stroke OTT along with the related huge benefits in terms of patients outcome and health care costs. In addition, unlike standard imaging techniques, neurophysiological techniques could allow continuous monitoring of patients for timely intrahospital stroke diagnosis.KEY MESSAGESFirst hour from the stroke onset is defined the "golden hour", in which the treatment has the highest efficacy and lowest side effects.The delay for stroke onset to brain imaging time is one of the major reasons why only a minority of patients with acute ischaemic stroke are eligible to reperfusion therapies.Neurophysiology techniques (NIRS, BIS and MWI) could have a potential high impact in reducing the time to treatment in stroke patients.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Este artigo se fundamenta na articulação entre (1) ferramentas teóricas fornecidas em curso de aperfeiçoamento em psicologia do colaborador e (2) experiências de atuação clínica em um projeto de psicanálise aplicada para assistência aos colaboradores de uma instituição hospitalar. O trabalho é permeado pela questão de como sustentar a prática clínica de orientação psicanalítica na instituição. Neste sentido, argumenta-se que é possível encontrar na psicanálise lacaniana bases para formalizar a experiência de atendimento aos colaboradores. Especificamente, no enquadre do início do tratamento analítico - da sondagem diagnóstica em Freud, e das entrevistas preliminares em Lacan. A articulação tangencia o problema da "entrada" e da "inserção" do psicólogo que estabelece na psicanálise aplicada a efetividade de sua atuação em instituição hospitalar.

Cet article s'appuie sur l'articulation entre (1) des outils théoriques dispensés dans un cours de perfectionnement en psychologie du personnel, et (2) des expériences de pratique clinique dans un projet de psychanalyse appliquée pour assister les employés d'un établissement hospitalier. La question de ce travail est de savoir comment soutenir la pratique clinique d'orientation psychanalytique au sein de cette institution hospitalière. En ce sens, on avance qu'il est possible de trouver, dansla psychanalyse lacanienne, des bases pour formaliser l'expérience d'assistance des collaborateurs. Plus précisément, dans le cadre du début du traitement analytique du sondage diagnostic de Freud, ainsi que dans les entretiens préliminaires de Lacan. L'articulation touche au problème de "l'entrée" et de "l'insertion" du psychologue qui établit dans la psychanalyse appliquée l'efficacité de sa performance dans un établissement hospitalier.

This article is based on the articulation between (1) theoretical tools provided by a course in employee psychology and (2) experiences of clinical practice in an applied psychoanalysis project to assist the employees of a hospital institution. The work is permeated by the question of how to sustain the psychoanalytically oriented clinical practice in the institution. Therefore, it is argued that it is possible to find in Lacanian psychoanalysis bases to formalize the experience of assisting personnel. Specifically, within the frame of the beginning of the analytic treatment - of the diagnostic investigation in Freud, and in the preliminary interviews in Lacan. The study analyses the problem of "entry" and "insertion" of the psychologist who establishes the effectiveness of his performance in applied psychoanalysis at a hospital institution.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Burn is a tragic event for an individual, the family, and community. It can cause irreparable physical, mental, economic, and social injury. Researches well documented that a quick visit to a healthcare center can greatly reduce burn injuries. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify the effective factors in the interval between a burn and start of treatment in burn patients by comparing three classification data mining methods and logistic regression. METHODS: This cross-sectional study conducted on 389 hospitalized patients in Imam Khomeini Hospital of Kermanshah city since 2012 to 2015. The data collection instrument was a three-part questionnaire, including demographic information, geographical information, and burn information. Four classification methods (decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM) and logistic regression (LR)) were used to identify the effective factors in the interval between burn and start of treatment (less than two hours and equal or more than two hours). RESULTS: The mean total accuracy of all models is higher than 0.8. The DT model has the highest mean total accuracy (0.87), sensitivity (0.44), positive likelihood ratio (14.58), negative predictive value (0.89) and positive predictive value (0.71). However, the specificity of the SVM model and RF model (0.99) was higher than other models, and the mean negative likelihood ratio (0.98) of the SVM model are higher than other models. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study shows that DT model performed better that data mining models in terms of total accuracy, sensitivity, positive likelihood ratio, negative predictive value and positive predictive value. Therefore, this method is a promising classifier for investigating the factors affecting the interval between a burn and the start of treatment in burn patients. Also, key factors based on DT model were location of transfer to hospital, place of occurrence, time of accident, religion, history and degree of burn, income, province of residence, burnt limbs and education.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Sarcopenia, loss of skeletal muscle and function, is a common condition among the elderly and is known to cause adverse health outcomes and increased risk of morbidity and mortality. This progressive and generalized disorder imposes a considerable socioeconomic burden. Sarcopenia is observed commonly in cancer patients. As Asia is one of the fastest aging regions in the world, it is clear that incidences of both sarcopenia and ovarian cancer will increase together in Asian countries. Ovarian cancer patients are vulnerable to develop sarcopenia during the treatment course and progress of disease, and a considerable number of patients with ovarian cancer seems to have physical inactivity and sarcopenia already at the time of diagnosis. Therefore, management of sarcopenia should be conducted together in parallel with ovarian cancer treatment and surveillance. Thus, in this article, we will review the clinical importance of sarcopenia in the aspect of ovarian cancer. Definition of sarcopenia, diagnosis, etiology, and intervention will be also introduced.

RESUMEN

Background: Candidemia is a life-threatening infection with high mortality. Our aim was to evaluate the Candida species distribution, antifungal susceptibilities and risk factors associated with 30-day mortality in candidemia in Southern Finland. Methods: We present a retrospective analysis of candidemia cases from the hospital district of Helsinki and Uusimaa during 2007-2016. Patients younger than 18 years old were excluded. A total of 386 candida isolates from 374 episodes of candidemia were identified in 350 adult patients. Results:Candida albicans was the leading cause of candidemia (60.4%), followed by C. glabrata (21.5%), C. parapsilosis (5.2%) and C. dubliniensis (5.2%). There was no statistically significant change in the distribution of C. albicans vs non-albicans species during the study period. Thirty-day overall mortality was 30.7%. When patients who received no antifungal treatment were excluded from the mortality analysis, 30-day mortality was 23.0%. Severity of underlying illnesses (OR 20.55, 95% CI 5.98-70.60), ICU stay at the onset of candidemia (OR 5.06, 95% CI 1.75-14.68) and age >65 years (OR 3.98, 95% CI 1.97-8.02) were independent risk factors of 30-day mortality in multivariable analysis. However, there was no statistically significant association between 30-day mortality and an early start of an effective antifungal. Conclusion: There was not a significant shift to non-albicans species as the cause of candidemia in Southern Finland during the 10-year study period. Furthermore, we did not find an association between 30-day mortality and the early start of an antifungal treatment. Comorbidity considerably increased the risk of fatal outcome.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: In this study the course of unstable hips after successful treatment with Fettweis plaster of Paris (POP) is examined. Special focus will be given to age at beginning of treatment and initial hip type. METHODS: The development of 93 unstable hips treated between November 2001 and April 2015 was examined. Inclusion criteria were: 1) unstable hips with successful treatment with Fettweis POP; 2) presence of two pelvic radiographs (12 to 24 months and 24 to 48 months). We analyzed: 1) the initial ultrasound hip type according to Graf; 2) the average age at first and second radiograph; 3) the Tönnis classification: normal findings (< 1 SD), slightly (1 SD to 2 SD) and severely dysplastic hips (> 2 SD). RESULTS: In all, there were 14 hips type D, 41 hips type III and 38 hips type IV. Mean age of the first radiograph was 13.9 months and of the second 28.5 months. The first radiograph showed: (< 1 SD): 36, (1 SD to 2 SD): 34, (> 2 SD): 23 hips, the second radiograph: (< 1 SD): 33, (1 SD to 2 SD): 19, (> 2 SD): 30 hips. With subdivision at the start of treatment at age eight or fewer weeks 2/16 hips (12.5%) and with initiation of the treatment more than eight weeks 22/77 (26.0%) deteriorated. During the course between first and second radiograph a total of 35.7% of initial hip type D, 19.5% of type III and 23.7% of type IV deteriorated. CONCLUSION: Radiograph controls after treatment with Fettweis POP show poorer outcome after delaying the start of treatment more than 8 weeks. These findings were independent of the initial ultrasound hip type. Regular radiograph controls of all hip types treated for unstable hips are justified to detect residual dysplasia. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

RESUMEN

Este escrito discute os efeitos da escuta de pais nas Entrevistas Preliminares da criança para o início do tratamento. Foram analisadas as entrevistas realizadas com uma mãe que pede atendimento psicológico para seu filho por queixa de hiperatividade. Parte-se do pressuposto de que, algumas vezes, o sintoma apresentado pela criança revela aspectos mal elaborados do processo de recalcamento da história infantil dos pais. Pensamos que o trabalho com quem demanda atendimento para a criança permite recompor o que de seu infantil ficou fraturado, e, a partir de uma operação de elaboração permitida pela rememoração, este possibilita que os pais autorizem a criança a demandar tratamento em nome próprio. Consideramos as Entrevistas Preliminares realizadas com os pais um dispositivo potente que permite o reposicionamento das funções parentais frente à demanda de atendimento para o filho.

This writing discusses the effects of parents listening to the Preliminary Interviews of a child at the start of treatment. Interviews with a mother who asked psychological care for her child because of complaints about hyperactivity were analyzed. We start from the hypothesis that sometimes symptoms presented by the child reveal badly elaborated aspects of the repression process of the parents' childhood. We think that working with those who ask for care for the child lets us recover what was fractured in the child's childhood and, from a development operation permitted by the child's memories, enables parents to allow the child to require treatment on their own. We consider the Preliminary Interviews with parents a powerful device that allows repositioning of parental roles in order to fulfill the demand of care for the child.

Este trabajo pretende discutir los efectos de la escucha de padres en Entrevistas Preliminares del niño para el inicio de su tratamiento. Para esto se analizaron las entrevistas que fueron realizadas con una madre que pidió atención psicológica para su hijo por una queja de hiperactividad. Partimos de la presuposición que muchas veces el síntoma presentado por el niño manifiesta aspectos mal elaborados del proceso de represión de la historia infantil de los padres. Pensamos que el trabajo con quien demanda atención psicológica para el niño permite recomponer, por una elaboración permitida por la rememoración, lo que quedó fracturado de su propio infantil. Esto permitiría que los padres autoricen que el niño demande tratamiento por su propio nombre. Consideramos las Entrevistas Preliminares con los padres un dispositivo potente pues permite un cambio de la posición ocupada por ellos en relación a la demanda del niño.

Asunto(s)