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La gestión deportiva incluye la planeación, organización, dirección, ejecución y control de acciones directas e indirectas, relacionadas con el deporte como manifestación sociocultural y económica; requiere del análisis previo de las particularidades que conforman un área específica de gestión; y en función de ello, se diseñan estrategias desarrolladoras. Por ello, se planteó como objetivo realizar una fundamentación teórica y metodológica sobre la gestión deportiva, en la República de Ecuador. Se utilizó el método de análisis-síntesis, para abordar las ideas básicas relacionadas con el campo de acción de la investigación, al describir que el sistema deportivo se estructura en organizaciones que pretenden satisfacer las necesidades de la práctica deportiva y de la actividad física poblacional, según diferentes funciones que incluyen apoyo y regulación, y se relacionan con la responsabilidad social, la calidad de vida, la formación de valores y la integración social. La gestión estratégica permite a las organizaciones deportivas diseñar, aplicar y controlar estrategias, orientadas al logro de metas y competir dentro de un entorno en constante cambio. Cada entidad se desarrolla, en particular, con sus componentes y contenidos, donde se recomienda su orientación hacia las tendencias actuales que norman la gestión del deporte.

A gestão desportiva inclui o planejamento, organização, direção, execução e controle das ações diretas e indiretas relacionadas ao esporte como manifestação sociocultural e econômica; exige análise prévia das particularidades que compõem uma determinada área de gestão; e com base nisso, são desenhadas estratégias de desenvolvimento. Portanto, objetivou-se realizar uma fundamentação teórica e metodológica sobre a gestão esportiva na República do Equador. O método de análise-síntese foi utilizado para abordar as ideias básicas relacionadas ao campo de atuação da pesquisa, descrevendo que o sistema esportivo está estruturado em organizações que visam satisfazer as necessidades da prática esportiva e da atividade física da população de acordo com as diferentes funções que desempenham. incluem apoio e regulação e estão relacionados com responsabilidade social, qualidade de vida, formação de valores e integração social. A gestão estratégica permite às organizações desportivas desenhar, aplicar e controlar estratégias, visando atingir objetivos e competir num ambiente em constante mudança. Cada entidade desenvolve-se, em particular, com as suas componentes e conteúdos, onde se recomenda a sua orientação para as tendências atuais que regulam a gestão desportiva.

Sports management includes the planning, organization, direction, execution and control of direct and indirect actions related to sport as a sociocultural and economic manifestation; requires prior analysis of the particularities that make up a specific management area; and based on this, development strategies are designed. Therefore, the objective was set to carry out a theoretical and methodological foundation on sports management in the Republic of Ecuador. The analysis-synthesis method was used to address the basic ideas related to the field of action of the research, describing that the sports system is structured in organizations that aim to satisfy the needs of sports practice and population physical activity. according to different functions that include support and regulation, and are related to social responsibility, quality of life, value formation and social integration. Strategic management allows sports organizations to design, apply and control strategies, aimed at achieving goals and competing within a constantly changing environment. Each entity is developed, in particular, with its components and contents, where its orientation towards the current trends that regulate the management of sport is recommended.

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The integration of digitalization and sustainability principles, encapsulated within the Twin Transformation (TT) approach, has emerged as a transformative paradigm within sport management. However, there is a critical gap in understanding how these two transformative forces can be synergistically harnessed within the field of sport management. This paper explores the conceptual underpinnings of TT and its implications for enhancing organizational performance and addressing contemporary challenges in the sports industry. Drawing upon interdisciplinary perspectives, the paper examines how TT fosters innovation, enhances fan engagement, and promotes environmental responsibility within sport management. Through a synthesis of theoretical insights and practical examples, the paper highlights the potential of TT to drive positive change across various facets of sport management, from operational practices to stakeholder engagement. Furthermore, the paper underscores the importance of ongoing research and scholarly inquiry in advancing our understanding of TT and its implications for theory and practice in sport management. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of TT in sport management, offering valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and stakeholders seeking to navigate the dynamic landscape of the sports industry.

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Given the significance of amateur sports matches in health promotion and city culture construction. It is essential to systematically analyze the organizational mode of city amateur matches and propose development strategies. This study aimed to investigate the sustainable development strategies for city amateur matches in China. This study adopted a hybrid model of combined SWOT and the AHP analysis, using the Shanghai City Amateur Table Tennis Matches (ATTM) as a case study. Results showed that 20 factors of the SWOT analysis were included, and the ranking of weights of the SWOT group are Strengths, Opportunities, Weaknesses and Threats, respectively, and the strategic vector (θ, ρ) are (74.21°, 0.5861). ATTM should adopt the S-O pioneering strategy and leverages its advantages and opportunities to promote further development. The findings indicate that ATTM with advanced organizational mode, has good internal strengths and external opportunities, which can enlighten the development of amateur table tennis matches for other regions and countries. Future research should apply the hybrid model to a broader range of events and conduct comparative analyses across countries and regions.

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Mitigation actions in all sectors of society, including sports, to limit global warming have become an increasingly hot topic in public discussions and sports management. However, so far, there has been a lack of understanding and practical examples of how these organizations, especially in team sports, can holistically assess and reduce their climate impacts to achieve carbon neutrality. This paper presents a carbon footprint assessment, implemented actions for GHG emission reduction, and offers the example of a professional Finnish ice hockey team that achieved carbon neutrality. The study is based on a life cycle assessment method. The Results show that the team's carbon footprint was reduced from 350 tCO2eq by more than 50% between seasons 2018-2019 and 2021-2022 in the assessed categories. The most GHG emission reductions were achieved in the team's and spectators' mobility and ice hall energy consumption. Furthermore, the team compensated for their remaining emissions to achieve carbon neutrality. Multiple possibilities for further GHG emission reductions were recognized. The majority of the GHG emissions were linked to the Scope 3 category, indicating that co-operation with partners and stakeholders was a key to success in attaining carbon neutrality. This paper also discusses the possible limitations and challenges that sport organizations face in assessing climate impacts and reducing GHG emissions, as well as the prospects of overcoming them. Since there are many opportunities for sports to contribute to climate change mitigation, relevant targets and actions to reduce GHG emissions should be integrated into all sport organizations' management.

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While reading the literature, it is seen that there are not enough studies on the motivation of disabled individuals to participate in sports. This study aims to examine the sports participation motivations of hearing impaired and physically disabled athletes. This study was a cross-sectional study. The research group of the study consists of physically and hearing-impaired individuals between the ages of 18-47. The participants of this research group consisted of 253 volunteer disabled individuals, 150 of whom were men and 103 of whom were women. Sports participation motivation scale was used for disabled individuals. The scale consists of 3 dimensions and is a 5-point Likert type. The results of the study showed that hearing-impaired people have a higher high school rate and physically person with disability have a higher bachelor's degree rate, but the primary education rate did not change between hearing and physically person with disability. Physical activity participation differed between hearing and physically person with disability, and it was observed that hearing-impaired people participated in more physical activities. The level of well-being of the physically disabled was significantly better than the hearing impaired. As conclusion, it is observed that the people with the lowest motivation to participate in sports are primary school graduates and those with high welfare have a high motivation to participate in sports.

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El objetivo del presente trabajo es diseñar y validar la creación del cuestionario de evaluación de la calidad percibida en la gestión deportiva del futbol femenil. El muestreo fue intencional por conveniencia, con un total de 332 jugadoras y un rango de edad de entre los 18 y 51 años (M= 20.92; DE= 3.59). Se llevaron a cabo análisis de validez de constructo por medio de un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) así como un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) seguido de análisis de fiabilidad y varianzamedia extractada. El instrumento creado fue el GEDECAFF. Los resultados de los análisis factoriales mostraron 36 ítems divididos en 4 factores: (1) Interacción con el entrenador, (2) Instalaciones, (3) Servicio de personal e (4) Institucional; los indicadores de pertinencia fueron apropiados y explican el 76.25% de la varianza total. Los índices de ajuste, error y chi cuadrado son adecuados CFI = .90, TLI = .89 y RMSEA = .07, χ2/gl = 2.17. Los resultados muestran que Alfa de Cronbach y Omega de McDonald por factores está por encima de .90. En conclusión, el cuestionario GEDECAFF presenta las propiedades psicométricas satisfactorias y atiende las necesidades de los servicios ofrecidos por los distintos clubes, dando oportunidad a la mejora continua de la calidad del servicio en el futbol femenil.(AU)

The purpose of this study is to design and validate the creation of the questionnaire for the evaluation of theperceived quality in the sports management of women's soccer. The sampling was intentional for convenience, with a total of 332 soccer players and an age range between 18 and 51 years (M = 20.92; SD= 3.59). Construct validity analyses were carried out using an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) as well as a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) followed by reliability analysis and extracted mean variance. The instrument created was the GEDECAFF. The result of the factor analysis showed 36 items divided into 4factors: (1) Interaction with a coach, (2) Facilities, (3) Personal service, and (4) Institutional; the relevance indicators were adequate, explaining 76.25% of the total variance. The fit and error indices are adequate CFI = .90, TLI = .89, and RMSEA = .07, regarding the χ2/df = 2.17. The results show that Cronbach's Alpha and McDonald's Omega by factors is above .90. In conclusion, the GEDECAFF questionnaire presents the appropriate psychometric properties and meets the needs of the services offered by the different women's soccer clubs, opening an opportunity for continuous improvement in the quality of service in women's soccer.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foivalidar a criação do questionário para avaliação da qualidade percebida na gestão desportiva do futebol feminino. A amostra foi intencional por conveniência, com um total de 332 jogadores de futebol e faixa etária entre 18 e 51 anos (M= 20.92; DP= 3.59). As análises de validade de construto foram realizadas por meio de uma análise fatorial exploratória (EFA), bem como uma análise fatorial confirmatória (CFA), seguida de análise de confiabilidade e variância média extraída. O instrumento criado foi o GEDECAFF. Os resultados das análises fatoriais mostraram 36 itens divididos em 4 fatores: (1) Interação com o formador, (2) Instalações, (3) Atendimento Pessoal e (4) Institucional; os indicadores de relevância foram adequados, explicando 76.25% da variância total. Os índices de ajuste e erro são adequados CFI = .90, TLI = .89 e RMSEA = .07, em relação ao χ2/df = 2.17. Os resultados mostram que o Alfa de Cronbach e o ômega do McDonald's por fatores estão acima de 0,90. Em conclusão, o questionário GEDECAFF apresenta as propriedades psicométricas adequadas e atende às necessidadesdos serviços oferecidos pelos diferentes clubes de futebol feminino, abrindo uma oportunidade de melhoria contínua na qualidade do serviço no futebol feminino.(AU)

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Resumo A paracanoagem é uma das modalidades que foram incluídas nos Jogos Paralímpicos de Verão. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o desenvolvimento financeiro da paracanoagem no Brasil, por meio de uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, de cunho exploratório, descritiva por meio de levantamento bibliográfico e documental. Como resultado foi observado aporte financeiro a atletas e às entidades esportivas durante o ciclo 2012 e 2016, havendo redução nestes incentivos no ciclo 2016 e 2018. Concluímos que houve aumento de recursos após sua inclusão nos Jogos Paralímpicos, porém sem investimentos de recursos privados. Ainda que os resultados demonstram evolução é fundamental entender como foi aplicado o recurso para avaliar a eficiência do investimento.

Abstract Paracanoeing is one of the sports included in the Paralympic Games. The present study aimed to analyze the financial development of paracanoeing in Brazil, through a qualitative research approach, exploratory in nature, descriptive through literature and documentary research. As a result, it was observed a significant financial contribution to athletes and sports entities during the 2012 and 2016 cycles, with a small reduction in these incentives in the 2016 and 2018 cycles. We conclude that there was a significant increase in resources after its inclusion in the Paralympic Games but without private resource investments. Although the results demonstrate evolution, it is essential to understand how the resource was applied to evaluate the efficiency of the investment.

Resumen La paracanotaje es una de las modalidades incluidas en los Juegos Paralímpicos. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el desarrollo financiero de la paracanotaje en Brasil, a través de una investigación con enfoque cualitativo, de carácter exploratorio, descriptivo a través de una investigación bibliográfica y documental. Como resultado, se observó un gran aporte financiero a los atletas y a las entidades deportivas durante los ciclos 2012 y 2016, habiendo una pequeña reducción en estos incentivos en los ciclos 2016 y 2018. Concluimos que hubo un aumento significativo de recursos después de su inclusión en los Juegos Paralímpicos, pero sin inversiones de recursos privados. Aunque los resultados demuestran evolución, es fundamental entender cómo se aplicó el recurso para evaluar la eficiencia de la inversión.

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La aplicación de las políticas públicas deportivas locales (PPDL) de la comuna de Linares se han visualizado gracias a la aplicación del Plan de Desarrollo Comunal de Actividad Física y Deportes (PDC AFyD) en el período 2018 - 2022 en la comunidad y las organizaciones deportivas locales (OODD), así como de funcionarios del propio municipio. Para conocer la percepción sobre la aplicación de PPDL se aplica una entrevista semiestructurada y confeccionada para tales efectos, a 28 dirigentes deportivos y 18 funcionarios municipales, de un universo muestral total de 127 posibles. Los individuos indican que, pese a ver cambios favorables en el período desconocen el proceso y, por ende, el mecanismo aplicado para el cambio, lo que despotencia la comprensión de la PPDL y el desarrollo de ésta por medio de las propias OODD y el municipio. La aplicación de las PPDL por medio de sus distintas herramientas e instrumentos requiere que se desarrolle bajo un proceso de consulta, pertinencia y complementación entre municipio, OODD, mundo educativo y vecinos beneficiarios; todo dentro de un marco de comunicación e información concreta y permanente que logre involucrar a todos los actores, brindando con ello una cuota de responsabilidad en su ejecución, control y evaluación.

The application of local public policies on sports (LPSP) of the commune of Linares has been visualized thanks to the application of the Communal Development Plan for Physical Activity and Sports (CDP PA&S) in the period 2018 - 2022 in the community and local sports organizations (LSO), as well as officials of the municipality itself. To know the perception of the implementation of LPSP, a semi-structured interview was applied to 28 sports leaders and 18 municipal officials out of a total sample universe of 127 possible. The individuals indicate that, despite seeing favorable changes in the period, they are unaware of the process and, therefore, the mechanism applied for change, which undermines the understanding of the LPSP and its development through the LSOO and the municipality. The application of the LPSP through its different tools and instruments requires that it be developed under a process of consultation, relevance, and complementarity between the municipality, LSOO, the educational world and beneficiary neighbors; all under a framework of communication and concrete and permanent information that manages to involve all the actors, thus providing a share of responsibility in its execution, control, and evaluation.

A implementação das políticas esportivas públicas locais (PEPL) na comuna de Linares foi visualizada graças à implementação do Plano de Desenvolvimento Comunitário para Atividade Física e Esporte (PDC AFyE) no período 2018 - 2022 na comunidade e organizações esportivas locais (OOEE), bem como funcionários do próprio município. Foi realizada uma entrevista semi-estruturada com 28 líderes esportivos e 18 funcionários municipais de um universo de amostra total de 127. Os indivíduos indicam que, apesar de verem mudanças favoráveis no período, não conhecem o processo e, portanto, o mecanismo aplicado para a mudança, o que prejudica a compreensão do PEPL e seu desenvolvimento através do OOEE e do próprio município. A implementação do PEPL através de suas diferentes ferramentas e instrumentos requer um processo de consulta, relevância e complementaridade entre o município, o OOEE, o mundo educacional e os vizinhos beneficiários; tudo isso dentro de uma estrutura de comunicação e informação concreta e permanente que envolva todos os atores, proporcionando assim uma parcela de responsabilidade em sua implementação, controle e avaliação.

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[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1180710.].

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Vouchers that reduce the cost of sport and active recreation participation have been shown to increase children's and adolescent's physical activity levels. Yet, the influence of government-led voucher programs on the capacity of sport and active recreation organisations is unclear. This qualitative study explored the experiences of stakeholders in the sport and recreation sector that were engaged in implementing the New South Wales (NSW) Government's Active Kids voucher program in Australia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 29 sport and active recreation providers. Interview transcriptions were analysed by a multidisciplinary team using the Framework method. Overall, participants reported that the Active Kids voucher program was an acceptable intervention to address the cost barrier to participation for children and adolescents. Three main steps influenced the capacity of organisations to deliver their sport and recreation programs and the voucher program: (1) Implementation priming-alignment of the intervention aims with stakeholder priorities and early information sharing, (2) Administrative ease-enhanced technology use and establishment of simple procedures, and (3) Innovation impacts-enablement of staff and volunteers to address barriers to participation for their participants. Future voucher programs should include strategies to enhance the capacity of sport and active recreation organisations to meet program guidelines and increase innovation.

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Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi analisar impactos e verificar as adaptações realizadas em Centros de Fitness (CF), durante o distanciamento social provocado pela pandemia COVID-19 e as estratégias encontradas após o mesmo. A amostra foi constituída por 10 Diretores Técnicos (DT). O instrumento utilizado foi a entrevista semiestruturada, constituída por 4 dimensões: Gestão Financeira; Digitalização de Serviços; Instalações Esportivas; Gestão de Recursos Humanos. As entrevistas foram presenciais e o anonimato e confidencialidade foram assegurados. Estas foram gravadas e posteriormente transcritas, os dados foram analisados com o auxílio do MaxQda (v20.4.0). Os resultados mostraram que os CF sofreram quebras significativas no volume de negócios. O modelo digital passou a ser central e o aplicativo de gestão interna foi a ferramenta mais usada para monitorizar os espaços. A pandemia da COVID-19 veio provocar danos a curto prazo nos CF, mas comportou a oportunidade de fortalecer e diversificar o setor a médio prazo.

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the impacts and verify the adaptations made in Fitness Centers (FC), during the social distance caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the strategies found afterwards.The sample was composed by 10 FC's Technical Directors (TD). The semi-structured interview was used as a tool and integrated 4 dimensions: Financial Management; Digital Services; Sports Facilities; Human Resource Management. The interviews were all in person inside the Fc's and the anonymity and confidentiality were secured. The interviews were recorded and then transcribed. The data were analyzed using MaxQda (v20.4.0). The results showed that FC´s suffered significant drops in turnover. The digital model became central, and the internal management application was the most used tool to monitor the facilities. Covid-19 pandemic caused damage in a short amount of time within the FC's, but it has provided an opportunity to strengthen and diversify the sector in mid-term.

Resumen El objetivo del estudio analizar los impactos y comprobar las adaptaciones realizadas en Centros de Fitness (CF), durante el distanciamento social por obligación legal y las estrategias utilizadas posteriormente. La muestra estaba formada por 10 directores técnicos (DT). El instrumento utilizado la entrevista semiestructurada, que consta de 4 dimensiones: Gestión Financiera; Digitalización de Servicios; Instalaciones Deportivas; Gestión de Recursos Humanos. Las entrevistas fueron cara a cara y se garantizó el anonimato y la confidencialidad, fueron grabadas y posteriormente transcritas. Los datos analizaron ayuda de MaxQda (v20.4.0). Los resultados mostraron que el FC´s sufrió caídas significativas em la facturación. La maqueta digital pasó a ser central y la aplicación de gestión interna fue la herramienta más utilizada para supervisar los espacios. La pandemia de la COVID-19 causó daños a corto plazo a las FC´s, pero ofreció la oportunidad de fortalecer y diversificar el sector a medio plazo.

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Hasaan, A., y Fişne, M. (2021). Comprensión de las dimensiones de la autenticidad de la marca de los deportistas. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(2), 1-28. Como los deportistas son considerados una marca, gestionarla es un desafío para el mercado. La autenticidad de la marca es una herramienta que se puede utilizar para garantizar que esta se mantenga durante un período de tiempo más largo. Para comprender el concepto de autenticidad de la marca del deportista, se realizó una revisión sistemática de las publicaciones en varias bases de datos electrónicas. A partir de estudios anteriores que analizaron los atributos de autenticidad de marca para algunas de ellas, se identificaron un total de 76 atributos. Después de fusionar los interrelacionados, el número final de atributos únicos fue 23. Estos se dividieron en tres grandes temas: actividades en la cancha, actividades fuera de la cancha y actividades de marketing de un deportista. El estudio encuentra la complejidad relacionada con la autenticidad de la marca en que esta es un proceso multidimensional que perdura por períodos más largos de la carrera del atleta. El estudio actual también destaca las complicaciones al establecer la autenticidad de la marca del atleta y que ocurren debido a la naturaleza de esta.

Hasaan, A. & Fişne, M. (2021). Understanding the dimensions of athlete brand authenticity. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(2), 1-28. The management of an athlete brand is challenging due to the complex nature of athlete career and life. Striving to maintain brand authenticity will promote long-term sustainability of the brand. The purpose of the study is to determine possible factors that contribute to athlete brand authenticity and help athletes to develop their brand more authentically. To understand the concept of athlete brand authenticity, a systematic literature review was conducted on various electronic databases. The study opted the five-step stages of the framework for this systematic review. A total of 76 attributes were identified from past studies that analyzed the attributes of brand authenticity for various brands. After merging interrelated attributes, the final number of unique attributes was 23. These attributes were distributed among three major themes: on-field activities, off-field activities and marketing activities of an athlete. The study finds brand authenticity to be a multi-dimensional and complex process that endures for longer extensive periods of an athlete's career. The current study also highlights the complications related to an athlete brand that occur when establishing athlete brand authenticity. Therefore, this study provides an opportunity to refine athlete brand authenticity further within the discussed domains.

Hasaan, A. e Fişne, M. (2021). Entendendo as dimensões da autenticidade da marca dos atletas. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(2), 1-28. Como os atletas são considerados uma marca, gerenciá-la é um desafio para o mercado. A autenticidade da marca é uma ferramenta que pode ser usada para garantir que ela se mantenha por um período maior de tempo. Para entender o conceito de autenticidade da marca do atleta, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura em diversas bases de dados eletrônicas. De estudos anteriores que analisaram atributos de autenticidade da marca para algumas delas, foram identificados 76 atributos. Após a fusão dos inter-relacionados, o número final de atributos únicos foi de 23. Estes foram divididos em três temas principais: atividades no campo, atividades fora do campo e atividades de marketing de um atleta. O estudo encontra a complexidade relacionada à autenticidade da marca, pois trata-se de um processo multidimensional que dura períodos mais longos. O presente estudo também destaca complicações relacionadas à marca de um atleta que ocorrem ao estabelecer a sua autenticidade devido à natureza dessa marca.

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The purpose of this study was to clarify coaches' competencies (COM) regarding dual-career (DC) support for student athletes in Japan. The questionnaire survey was conducted at 31 universities with an online survey URL that was distributed to 300 collegiate athletic coaches. In total, there were 152 respondents (female, 19; male, 133; mean age, 43.15 ± 12.07 years; coaching experience, 12.83 ± 9.72 years). The online survey adopted a Japanese-translated version of the Dual-Career Competency Questionnaire (DCCQ), which has been translated into nine languages and is widely used in European counties. The scale consists of six factors and 33 items, each rated on a five-point scale of importance (IM) and possession (PO). The Japanese version of the DCCQ was validated through a confirmatory factor analysis, and the internal consistency of the items was confirmed by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In addition, we examined differences between the IM and PO for DC support by t-tests and by calculating effect sizes. The validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the DCCQ were confirmed based on the goodness-of-fit index and Cronbach's alpha coefficients, respectively. Our examination of the differences between IM and PO in DC support revealed that coaches perceived the importance of DC support but did not possess the necessary COM to offer DC support. That finding was similar to those of previous European studies. In particular, the Japanese coaches who participated in our online survey recognized the importance of COM in terms of "collaboration with various stakeholders and departments" for DC support but did not feel as though they held sufficient COM in that regard. In other words, the improvement of DC support requires the development of a coaching program that fosters COM to work with various stakeholders. This key insight provides a direction and specific focus for programs to improve coaches' DC support for student athletes.

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BACKGROUND: With the global spread of COVID-19 infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 virus (SARS-CoV-2), all the national and international sports events were ceased early in 2020. The sport activities have been reinstated since then, albeit without spectators. However, several governments have established a variety of risk-mitigation measures to gradually reintroduce the spectators to stadiums. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the implementation of a strict health protocol to ensure the resumption of professional football with spectators and to access its effectiveness in limiting the spread of COVID-19 infections within the community. METHODS: This was a retrospective, observational study involving football players, match officials, local organizing committee members, working in close coordination, and over 16,000 spectators in the state of Qatar. We examined data from the Amir Cup final (December 18th, 2020), which was played under a strict protocol that included extensive reverse transcription-Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for players and match officials, as well as the utility of COVID-19 rapid antigen and antibody testings as screening tools for spectators to ensure their safe return to the stadiums. In addition, we reviewed the guidelines and protocols that were put in place to organize Qatar's Amir Cup Football Final, which drew over 16,000 spectators in the stadium. RESULTS: A total of 16,171 spectators undertook rapid antigen and antibody tests for the Amir cup final (from December16-December18, 2020). Fifteen Spectators (n = 15) returned with a positive result for COVID-19 infection during the final event (positivity rate = 0.12%). All players underwent RT-PCR testing 48 h before the match. None of the players tested positive for COVID-19 infections. 1311 individuals reported having symptoms related to COVID-19 post final of Amir Cup. These spectators were tested for COVID-19 RT-PCR with an overall positivity rate (positive/reactive) to be 0.42% (69/16171). CONCLUSION: This report shows a meagre incidence rate of COVID-19 infections during and post-Amir Cup football final. Based on the low infectivity rate reported during and post the Amir Cup, we propose that supervised and controlled resumption of football matches with spectators can be carried out safely following a strict testing and tracing protocol. Similar infection control policies can be replicated with a higher number of spectators.

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ABSTRACT Scientific research in the field of sports management and its respective academic improvement has been pointed out and recognised by several authors as the path to follow for a better understanding of its importance in the global development of sport, as well as in the improvement of academic curricula and skills of sports managers. This study aims to analyse the scientific and academic production of three Portuguese public universities, being this the main source and origin of the knowledge generated over the last decades. Methodologically, we analysed 193 master dissertations successfully completed between 2008 and 2017 available in institutional scientific repositories, as well as in the national library. The results point to a growth of scientific knowledge in Portugal, validated by the considerable evolution in the number of completed works in distinct areas in sports management, mainly in the scope of planning and strategy, human resources and sociological aspects, which helps to reinforce its multidisciplinary and differentiating character. The data obtained allow us to expose a considerable part of the knowledge produced in Portugal, thus contributing to the strengthening of some areas and future research in sports management, given that it is crucial to aggregate the existing knowledge by enhancing new paths and future opportunities. We conclude that research in Portugal reflects the global growth of scientific knowledge and the increasing interest in sports management, both at qualitative and quantitative levels, while also following international concerns and trends.

RESUMO A investigação científica no campo da gestão do desporto e a respetiva valorização académica, tem sido apontada e reconhecida por diversos autores como o caminho a percorrer para uma melhor compreensão da sua importância no desenvolvimento global do desporto, assim como na melhoria dos curricula académicos e respetivas competências dos gestores desportivos. Este estudo tem como objetivo a análise da produção científica e académica de três universidades públicas portuguesas, sendo esta a principal fonte e origem do conhecimento gerado ao longo das últimas décadas. Metodologicamente, analisámos 193 dissertações de mestrado concluídas com sucesso entre 2008 e 2017 e disponíveis nos repositórios científicos institucionais, assim como na Biblioteca Nacional. Os resultados apontam para um crescimento do conhecimento científico em Portugal, validado pela evolução considerável do número de trabalhos finalizados em diversas linhas de investigação da gestão do desporto, principalmente no âmbito do planeamento e estratégia, recursos humanos e aspetos sociológicos, pelo que ajudam a reforçar o seu carácter multidisciplinar e diferenciador. Os dados obtidos permitem explanar parte considerável do conhecimento produzido em Portugal, contribuindo assim para o reforço de algumas áreas e futuras investigações em gestão do desporto, sendo de vital importância agregar o conhecimento existente, potenciando novos caminhos e oportunidades futuras. Concluímos que a investigação em Portugal reflete o crescimento global do conhecimento científico e o interesse cada vez maior na gestão do desporto, quer em níveis qualitativos quer quantitativos, ao mesmo tempo que segue as preocupações e tendências internacionais.

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The COVID-19 pandemic is a potential threat to professional sporting events when they eventually return to their usual calendar with spectators' capacity of football stadiums usually exceeding 40,000 seats for important events. Hence, a strategy for safe return to sporting events is needed in the COVID-19 pandemic to pave the way towards a new normalcy. We reviewed the guidelines and policies implemented in organising the Amir Cup Football Final of Qatar, which hosted about 20,000 fans. The authors evaluated the publicly available information on the official websites of the various organizations involved and highlight the importance and usefulness of the Covid-19 Rapid Antigen Assay-Kit as a tool for screening sports spectators as well as the importance of a rigorous spectator pathway, including their accurate traceability thanks to a specific mobile phone application. Despite the surging of COVID-19 all over the world, a big football event with around 20,000 spectators in the same stadium has been hosted under strongly controlled preventative measures. These preventative measures show that it is possible to organize a major football match held outdoors, with the presence of thousands of supporters. This article is a call for action for the organisers of such events where the supporters' health status is traceable to provide the scientific community with actual data of post-event infection rates. Therefore, it is suggested to consider using procedures like the ones described in the present article as a potential model in the process of organizing big sporting events with spectators in times of COVID-19.

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Abstract Hasaan, A. & Fişne, M. (2021). Understanding the dimensions of athlete brand authenticity. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(2), 1-25. The management of an athlete brand is challenging due to the complex nature of athlete career and life. Striving to maintain brand authenticity will promote long-term sustainability of the brand. The purpose of the study is to determine possible factors that contribute to athlete brand authenticity and help athletes to develop their brand more authentically. To understand the concept of athlete brand authenticity, a systematic literature review was conducted on various electronic databases. The study opted the five-step stages of the framework for this systematic review. A total of 76 attributes were identified from past studies that analyzed the attributes of brand authenticity for various brands. After merging interrelated attributes, the final number of unique attributes was 23. These attributes were distributed among three major themes: on-field activities, off-field activities and marketing activities of an athlete. The study finds brand authenticity to be a multi-dimensional and complex process that endures for longer extensive periods of an athlete's career. The current study also highlights the complications related to an athlete brand that occur when establishing athlete brand authenticity. Therefore, this study provides an opportunity to refine athlete brand authenticity further within the discussed domains.

Resumen Hasaan, A. y Fişne, M. (2021). Comprensión de las dimensiones de la autenticidad de la marca de los deportistas. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(2), 1-25. Como los deportistas son considerados una marca, gestionarla es un desafío para el mercado. La autenticidad de la marca es una herramienta que se puede utilizar para garantizar que esta se mantenga durante un período de tiempo más largo. Para comprender el concepto de autenticidad de la marca del deportista, se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura en varias bases de datos electrónicas. A partir de estudios anteriores que analizaron los atributos de autenticidad de marca para algunas de ellas, se identificaron un total de 76 atributos. Después de fusionar los interrelacionados, el número final de atributos únicos fue 23. Estos se dividieron en tres grandes temas: actividades en el campo, actividades fuera del campo y actividades de marketing de un deportista. El estudio encuentra la complejidad relacionada con la autenticidad de la marca en que esta es un proceso multidimensional que perdura por períodos más largos. El estudio actual también destaca las complicaciones relacionadas con la marca de un deportista que ocurren al establecer la autenticidad de la marca del atleta debido a la naturaleza de la marca del atleta.

Resumo Hasaan, A. e Fişne, M. (2021). Entendendo as dimensões da autenticidade da marca dos atletas. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 19(2), 1-25. Como os atletas são considerados uma marca, gerenciá-la é um desafio para o mercado. A autenticidade da marca é uma ferramenta que pode ser usada para garantir que ela se mantenha por um período maior de tempo. Para entender o conceito de autenticidade da marca do atleta, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura em diversas bases de dados eletrônicas. De estudos anteriores que analisaram atributos de autenticidade da marca para algumas delas, foram identificados 76 atributos. Após a fusão dos inter-relacionados, o número final de atributos únicos foi de 23. Estes foram divididos em três temas principais: atividades no campo, atividades fora do campo e atividades de marketing de um atleta. O estudo encontra a complexidade relacionada à autenticidade da marca, pois trata-se de um processo multidimensional que dura períodos mais longos. O presente estudo também destaca complicações relacionadas à marca de um atleta que ocorrem ao estabelecer a sua autenticidade devido à natureza dessa marca.

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The phenomenon of dropout is often found among customers of sports services. In this study we intend to evaluate the performance of machine learning algorithms in predicting dropout using available data about their historic use of facilities. The data relating to a sample of 5209 members was taken from a Portuguese fitness centre and included the variables registration data, payments and frequency, age, sex, non-attendance days, amount billed, average weekly visits, total number of visits, visits hired per week, number of registration renewals, number of members referrals, total monthly registrations, and total member enrolment time, which may be indicative of members' commitment. Whilst the Gradient Boosting Classifier had the best performance in predicting dropout (sensitivity = 0.986), the Random Forest Classifier was the best at predicting non-dropout (specificity = 0.790); the overall performance of the Gradient Boosting Classifier was superior to the Random Forest Classifier (accuracy 0.955 against 0.920). The most relevant variables predicting dropout were "non-attendance days", "total length of stay", and "total amount billed". The use of decision trees provides information that can be readily acted upon to identify member profiles of those at risk of dropout, giving also guidelines for measures and policies to reduce it.

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