RESUMEN

Athletes with physical disabilities practice fewer sports than people without disabilities due to the difficulties and barriers they face in their daily lives. Sports are a powerful tool offering multiple physical, psychological and social benefits and act as a facilitator in their societal integration and inclusion. Today, more and more studies are analysing the psychological strengths of athletes, as well as their well-being. This research aimed to describe the levels of life satisfaction and psychological capital in a sample of physically disabled athletes according to the following variables: age, gender, degree of dependence, type of disability and level of competition. A structured questionnaire was distributed to 101 federated athletes with physical disabilities in the Basque Autonomous Community, with a valid return rate of 79 participants. A study of the relationship between variables was conducted using student's t-test and ANOVA. A stepwise hierarchical multiple linear regression was also performed to assess the predictive capabilities of the analysed variables on life satisfaction. The findings showed that gender, degree of dependence and level of competition correlated with the psychological capital and life satisfaction of athletes with disabilities; male athletes scored higher in the self-efficacy and hope dimensions of psychological capital; athletes with lower levels of dependence scored higher on life satisfaction; and international athletes scored higher on psychological capital, specifically on the self-efficacy dimension. Finally, psychological capital and degree of dependence also had a significant influence on athletes' life satisfaction.

RESUMEN

Visual disability negatively impacts balance, everyday self-efficacy, and mobility and often leads affected subjects to perceive physical exercise as a burdensome challenge thus discouraging them from practicing. Despite the well-proven benefits of regular physical activity in visually impaired people, especially addressing postural control, there are no specific guidelines and most of the available literature seems to be flawed by critical issues. Given the wide heterogeneity and the multidimensional needs of this population, a more realistic and target-specific perspective is needed in order to properly investigate and promote exercise practice and adherence for balance improvement. On this basis, through a critical overview of the recent literature, the present article aimed to enrich the current knowledge about this topic by providing innovative suggestions, both practical and methodological, and specifically deepening the disability-related deficits and peculiarities of different age ranges. Moreover, since a multidisciplinary approach is advisable when designing and leading exercise protocols tailored to visually impaired individuals, such innovative hints also highlighted the central role of the adapted physical activity specialist, hence contributing to foster its official professional recognition and involvement in this field.

RESUMEN

Soccer (football) practice can induce a limitation of ankle range of motion (ROM) that is a possible risk factor for injury and other negative consequences over time. The main objective of this research was to investigate the effects of soccer practice on ankle ROM throughout the entire period of a sports career of soccer players (SP). Furthermore, the relationship between ankle ROM and muscle strength in SP of different ages was studied. A total of 204 SP (range 6.7−45.1 years) and 87 controls (range: 7.5−45.2 years) matched for age, body mass index (BMI), and gender, were assessed. Ankle ROM in both plantar flexion (APF) and dorsiflexion (ADF) in addition to handgrip strength (HGS) were evaluated using an inclinometer and the Jamar hydraulic hand dynamometer, respectively. The comparison between SP and control groups showed a significant reduction in ankle ROM of both APF (26.3 ± 7.2° vs. 32.6 ± 7.4°; d = −0.90; p < 0.001) and ADF (95.5 ± 15.6° vs. 105.5 ± 15.8°; d = −0.66; p < 0.001). In SP, the results of the ANOVAs test indicate that age had a significant effect on ADF (F = 4.352, p = 0.038, partial eta-squared (ηp2) = 0.015) but not on APF (F = 0.430, p = 0.746, ηp2 = 0.001). Moreover, considering only the SP, a weak inverse correlation between ADF and HGS group ADF was found (rs = −0.27; p < 0.001). Factors such as the non-linear trend of growth in young SP could hinder the definition of the relationship between ankle ROM, age, and muscle strength. However, the appropriate consideration of age and muscle strength could facilitate the management of ankle ROM in PF of different ages.

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Return to sports after joint arthroplasty is mainly evaluated for lower limbs procedures. When a return to a specific sport is mentioned, no technical approach nor level consideration are specified. We suggested that patients who undergo total shoulder arthroplasty will be able to maintain playing golf at same high level. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study on active golf players who have undergone shoulder arthroplasty. Inclusion criteria were: (1) over 50 years old (2) handicap < 54 (3) playing golf before the procedure (4) minimum follow-up of 1 year. Patients were divided into two groups: ASA group and RSA Group. A clinical assessment was performed using the following scores: Constant, ASES and QuickDash. RESULTS: Sixty-one patients were retrospectively included in the cohort. Mean age was 69.1 years old. Mean follow-up was 79 months. Preoperative golf frequency and handicap were similar between the two groups. Surgery resulted in significant pain relief in both groups. No difference was shown between the two groups in clinical assessment. Satisfaction rate was 95%. Return to golf time was done progressively from the twentieth week for putting until the twenty-seventh week for playing on the course. Handicap analysis did not show any difference between the level before surgery and the current level in ASA group (23.7 vs. 22.9,p = 0.33) and RSA group (24.2 vs. 23.3,p = 0.63). CONCLUSION: Our study suggested that both patients with ASA or RSA can maintain an active lifestyle with moderate to high frequencies of participation after surgery, particularly in golf. Surgeons can reassure their patients about their recovery and show confidence with regard to their ability to return to a similar golf practice also after RSA. Prospective study with larger cohort is required to confirm the results. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, cases study.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Strong evidence supports physical activity and fitness levels being positively associated with cognitive performance and overall academic performance in youth. This also applies to sports participation. However, whether participation in sports at the elite level is associated with greater academic performance remains unknown. Thus, the present study aimed to compare the academic performance of young elite athletes to that of control students, as well as to analyze whether the type of sport mediates these results. Between 2010 and 2019, all students from the last Baccalaureate course of the Spanish Elite Sport High School-which also includes non-elite athletes and recreational athlete students, who were categorized as controls-participated in this study. Academic performance was assessed through both the grade point average of the two last Baccalaureate courses and through the average grades from the University Entrance Examinations. Athletes were categorized attending to different sport classifications. A total of 1126 adolescents (570 girls, 18.2 ± 0.6 years) participated in the study, of which 483 and 643 were categorized as elite athletes and control students, respectively. Elite athletes attained a lower overall academic performance than controls (p < 0.001), which was confirmed for both sexes (p < 0.001). These differences were separately confirmed for most academic subjects (p < 0.05), as well as when attending to different sport classifications (all p > 0.05). Young elite athletes attained a lower academic performance than their non-elite peers, regardless of their type of sport. These findings highlight the importance of programs aimed at facilitating dual careers among young elite athletes.

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Leisure time activities in childhood may have a crucial role in the development of subjective well-being. Nevertheless, more research is needed with cross-national samples concerning the differential effects of lifestyles on life satisfaction. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the associations between the frequency of playing sports/exercise or playing electronic games on life satisfaction in a sample of 12-year-old children from nine countries from the European Union. The data used in this publication come from the third wave of the Children's Worlds project, an international survey of children's lives and well-being whose administration started in 2017. The sample was composed of 10,626 children (50.9% boys) from Estonia, Belgium, Croatia, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Poland, Romania, and Spain. They completed the Student Life Satisfaction Scale and answered two questions to assess the frequency of playing sport or exercise, and the frequency of playing electronic games. The results indicated notable scores in life satisfaction in all participating countries. The results showed some differences between boys and girls, and among the countries, in the frequency of sport practice and electronic games in the leisure time, as well as in the overall level of life satisfaction. The results also underlined that sport practice had a greater positive effect on life satisfaction than the use of electronic games. Thus, this study highlights the need to design programs to promote sport practice in leisure time for 12-year-old children in Europe, in order to protect their subjective well-being.

RESUMEN

RESUMEN Para los investigadores y docentes, este nuevo contexto de desarrollo de actividad física y entrenamiento deportivo, exige de especial atención con vistas a perfeccionar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los escolares veracruzanos. En México, y en particular, en Xalapa, Veracruz el creciente y excesivo sedentarismo de la población escolar constituye un serio motivo de preocupación para las instituciones de la salud pública y deportiva que acarrea el bajo desarrollo cognoscitivo y el deficiente desarrollo de las habilidades motrices, lo cual afecta la calidad de vida de los escolares, la práctica deportiva con una referencia muy dirigida a la práctica del béisbol, en la escuela Deportiva Matutina Enrique Conrado Rébsamen son considerados dos de los pilares fundamentales y más preferidas en los escolares. El objetivo de la investigación consistió en proponer ejercicios encaminados al mejoramiento de la acción de bateo a los alumnos de quinto grado de la Escuela Deportiva Xalapa Veracruz. El bateo es considerado uno de los fundamentos básicos más complejos e importante durante el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, de ahí que el objetivo es proponer ejercicios encaminados al mejoramiento de la acción de bateo a los alumnos de quinto grado de la Escuela Deportiva Xalapa Veracruz. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos como, el analítico-sintético y el histórico-lógico, mientras que del nivel empírico se utilizaron la revisión de documentos, entrevista, encuesta y observación científica. El estudio se convierte en una herramienta para la práctica deportiva y el perfeccionamiento del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, y la superación de los entrenadores.

RESUMO Para investigadores e professores, este novo contexto de desenvolvimento da atividade física e da formação desportiva requer uma atenção especial com vista a aperfeiçoar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem das crianças em idade escolar em Veracruz. No México, e em particular, em Xalapa, Veracruz, o crescente e excessivo sedentarismo da população escolar constitui um sério motivo de preocupação para as instituições de saúde pública e desporto que leva a um baixo desenvolvimento cognitivo e ao deficiente desenvolvimento das capacidades motoras, o que afecta a qualidade de vida das crianças em idade escolar, a prática de desportos com uma referência muito dirigida à prática do beisebol, na Escola de Desportos Matinais Enrique Conrado Rébsamen são considerados dois dos pilares fundamentais e mais preferidos das crianças em idade escolar. O objectivo da investigação consistiu em propor exercícios destinados a melhorar a ação de rebatimento aos alunos do quinto ano da Escola Desportiva Xalapa Veracruz é considerado um dos fundamentos básicos mais complexos e importantes durante o processo de ensino-aprendizagem, daí o objectivo de propor exercícios destinados a melhorar a ação de rebatimento aos alunos do quinto ano da Escola Desportiva Xalapa Veracruz. Foram utilizados métodos teóricos, analítico-sintéticos, histórico-lógicos e empíricos: revisão documental, entrevista, inquérito e observação científica. O estudo torna-se uma ferramenta para a prática desportiva e a melhoria do processo de ensino-aprendizagem, e o aperfeiçoamento dos treinadores.

ABSTRACT For researchers and teachers, this new context of development of physical activity and sports training requires special attention in order to improve the teaching-learning process of Veracruz schoolchildren. In Mexico, and in particular, in Xalapa, Veracruz, the growing and excessive sedentary lifestyle of the school population is a serious concern for public health and sports institutions that leads to low cognitive development and poor development of motor skills, which affects the quality of life of schoolchildren, sports practice with a very focused reference to the practice of baseball, in the Enrique Conrado Rébsamen Morning Sports School are considered two of the fundamental and most preferred pillars in schoolchildren. Batting is considered one of the most complex and important basic fundamentals during the teaching-learning process. Hence, the objective is to propose exercises aimed at improving the batting action to the fifth-grade students of the Xalapa Veracruz Sports School. From the theoretical level analytical-synthetic and historical-logical methods were used; and from the empirical level there were used the document review, interview, survey and scientific observation. The study becomes a tool for sports practice and improvement of the teaching-learning process, and the improvement of coaches.

RESUMEN

Background: Physical fitness (PF) levels correlate with health hallmarks at all ages. In this study, w aimed to determine the PF level of schoolchildren from the Campania Region (Italy) through health-related PF (HRPF) components, taking into account body weight and sport practice (SP). Methods: PF level was determined in 565 schoolchildren aged 10−13 (11.7 ± 1.0 yrs; m: 353, f: 212) using some of the Eurofit battery tests. Results: 77% children practiced sport, boys more than girls (86% vs. 63%, respectively; p < 0.05). Boys performed better than girls (p < 0.05) in the Plate Tapping, Standing Broad Jump, Bent-Arm Hang, and 10 × 5 m Shuttle Run tests; girls performed better in the Sit-and-Reach Test (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Overweight/obese status negatively affects the muscular strength of lower limbs, even if it progressively improves during growth. SP was revealed to be a determinant in performance only in some PF tests, likely due to the heterogeneous training level among boys and girls who practice sport.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Time spent outdoors and physical activity (PA) promote mental health. To confirm this relationship in the aftermath of COVID-19 lockdowns, we explored individual levels of anxiety, depression, stress and subjective well-being (SWB) in a cohort of academic students and staff members and tested their association with sport practice, PA at leisure time and time spent outdoors. Our cross-sectional study collected data during the COVID-19 outbreak (April−May 2021) on 939 students and on 238 employees, who completed an online survey on sociodemographic and lifestyle features, depression, anxiety, stress, and SWB. Results showed that the students exhibited higher levels of anxiety, depression, and stress, and lower levels of SWB (p < 0.001 for all domains) compared to the staff members. Correlation analysis confirmed that PA and time spent in nature were associated to high mental health scores among staff and, more consistently, among students. Finally, mediation analyses indicated that the time spent in nature, social relationships, and levels of energy play a mediator role in the relationship between sport practice and SWB. Our evidence reinforces the protective role of time spent in nature in improving mental health, and provides support for policymakers to make appropriate choices for a better management of COVID-19 pandemic consequences.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Engaging in physical activity and sports has been associated with various cognitive abilities and other personal characteristics. The contemporary link between doing sports and personal attributes such as soft skills and an individual's cognitive abilities have yet to be investigated, however. This study aims to analyze the association between years of practicing a sport, cognitive abilities (in terms of fluid reasoning), and personal attributes (in terms of soft skills). A large sample of 1,115 individuals (10-18 years old) completed the Cattell test (measuring fluid reasoning) and answered a questionnaire measuring six soft skills (adaptability, curiosity, initiative, leadership, perseverance, and social awareness). A multivariate regression analysis show that, after controlling for age and gender, participants' years of practicing a sport were positively associated with three soft skills (i.e., initiative, leadership, and perseverance) and with fluid reasoning. No differences emerged between team and individual sport practitioners. Our findings suggest an association between practicing sports, which entails more than just physical activity, and both cognitive abilities (fluid reasoning) and other important personal characteristics, such as soft skills.

RESUMEN

The interest of motor imagery practice on performance and motor learning is well-established. However, the impact of sporting and physical practice on motor imagery vividness is currently unclear, especially in youth. Two-hundred-and-forty adolescents were recruited to form different groups. For each age group (age-group 1, A-G1 with 13years≤age≤14years 6months vs. age-group 2, A-G2 with 14years 6months

RESUMEN

O envolvimento parental pode trazer importantes contribuições no desempenho das práticas esportivas. Assim, objetiva-se analisar a produção científica nacional e internacional da prática esportiva e o relacionamento familiar. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura do tipo integrativa, cujas bases de dados acessadas foram PsycInfo (APA), Scielo e CAPES, por meio de descritores preestabelecidos, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, no período entre 2015 a 2020. Selecionaram-se 16 artigos completos indexados, os quais foram submetidos a análises metodológicas e de conteúdo, derivando-se três categorias temáticas. Constataram-se as contribuições do esporte no processo de socialização de crianças e adultos, além da integração dos membros familiares no compartilhar de conquistas pessoais, desafios e momentos de lazer. Por outro lado, verificou-se que as expectativas e cobranças parentais podem prejudicar a performance do atleta e seu desenvolvimento pessoal. Sugere-se novos estudos que discutam as práticas esportistas e seus efeitos sobre os processos familiares e intergeracionais.

Parental involvement can make important contributions to the performance of sports practices. Thus, the objective is to analyze the national and international scientific production of sports practice and the family relationship. It is an integrative literature review, whose databases accessed were PsycInfo (APA), Scielo and CAPES, through pre-established descriptors, in Portuguese, English and Spanish, in the period between 2015 to 2020. We selected 16 complete indexed articles, which were submitted to methodological and content analysis, resulting in three thematic categories. The contributions of sport in the socialization process of children and adults were found, in addition to the integration of family members in sharing personal achievements, challenges and leisure moments. On the other hand, it was found that parental expectations and demands can impair the athlete's performance and personal development. New studies are suggested that discuss sports practices and their effects on family and intergenerational processes.

RESUMEN

Eating disorders are a group of conditions which have a huge impact on the health and performance of athletes. The aetiology of eating disorders is multifactorial, being influenced by genetic and environmental factors, but also involving psychological factors and factors specific to the practising of sport. Eating disorders are highly prevalent in sport, particularly in disciplines involving endurance, those that have weight-categories or those where low weight is a competitive advantage and aesthetics are important. Athletes with eating disorders need to be assessed and receive early, comprehensive treatment. Close monitoring of nutritional status is vital, especially with female athletes. Prevention is crucial and plays an invaluable role in this type of disorder, but represents a significant challenge for all professionals who look after athletes. Priority needs to be given to implementing structured nutrition training programmes for the athlete and their entourage to help prevent eating disorders.

RESUMEN

Resumen Con el objetivo de conocer los factores que los niños perciben como estresantes dentro de la práctica deportiva, se llevó a cabo una investigación de corte cualitativo y de diseño fenomenológico, en la cual se realizaron cuatro grupos focales en los que participaron un total de 41 niños deportistas de entre seis y doce años pertenecientes a las disciplinas de gimnasia artística, natación clavados o fútbol. Las entrevistas permitieron identificar factores que los niños perciben como estresantes en su práctica deportiva, que según lo reportado por ellos, se dividen en dos contextos: el entrenamiento y la competencia. En el entrenamiento, los factores que más mencionaron fueron las exigencias y el favoritismo por algunos niños del grupo por parte del entrenador, así como experimentar emociones negativas, entre ellas la falta de tiempo para realizar otras actividades y el cansancio físico. En el contexto de la competencia, reportaron experimentar emociones negativas y preocupación como los factores que más les generan estrés. Los hallazgos permiten corroborar que los niños deportistas perciben distintas situaciones de estrés asociadas con la práctica de su disciplina, por lo que es importante incluir en los programas deportivos, el entrenamiento en estrategias de afrontamiento. Es probable que si los niños aprenden a afrontar el estrés de manera adecuada, no solo tendrán una mejor salud física y emocional, sino también más éxito en su disciplina y disminuirán las tasas de abandono.

Abstract Doing physical activity carries multiple benefits both physical and psychological (Aparicio, Carbonell y Delgado, 2010); however, when competitive sports practice is being carried out, the athletes can find themselves with less favoring situations such as pressure, coach demands and a psychologically challenging, environment that may conduce them to stress states (Lucia et al., 2017). The athletes that present stress in their sports practice exteriorize some consequences that may include low quality performance, loss of sleep and appetite, decrease in satisfaction levels for sports training and increase in physical injuries (Abián-Vicén, Báguena y Abián, 2015). When the stress becomes chronic it becomes as predictor of burnout syndrome in sports (De Francisco, Arce, Vílcheza y Vales, 2016). Also, these consequences may result significative not only in sports training but in the personal life of the athletes, therefore, is important make an intervention for these athletes to avoid reaching chronic stressful states. However, there is little information on the factors that cause stress in child athletes because most of the research in the field has been developed in an older population that practices high-performance sports (Ramírez, 2015), so it isn't appropriate to use this foundation with children because their development stage is different and stress could have different sources and repercussions. In order to know the factors that children perceive as stressors in sports, a qualitative research and phenomenological design was carried out, in which four focus groups were carried out, in which a total of 41 children participated. The inclusion criteria to participate were being affiliated with sports centers of the Mexico City government, being between 6 and 12 years old and having participated in at least one competition or tournament. Children who did not want to collaborate or whose parents did not give consent for their participation were excluded. A comparative analysis was made for the codification and categorization of information that consists of three types of codification: open, axial and selective (Onwuegbuzie, Dickinson, Leech y Zoran, 2011). After the open codification analysis, five preliminary categories were detected, later, in the axial codification, the judges agreed that the five categories of stressors that the children reported were produced in two different contexts: training and competition, so these two were classified as the two major categories. Finally, after the axial coding, every one of these two major categories stayed conformed by five the subcategories: personal situations, coaches, peers, family and external situations. Every subcategory consists of various factors that produce stress to children. In training, the factors that children mentioned are the demands and favoritism by the coach; also to experiment negative emotions like fear, anger or frustration; lack of time to do recreational and academic activities; extreme physical tiredness; negative interaction with peers, violence or exclusion between peers, the demand of satisfactory results by their relatives and the perception of lack of infrastructure for suitable training. In the competitive context, children report that suffering negative emotions generated by the pressure of competition, concerns about their performance in the contest, unpredictable situations such as accidents or delays, uneasiness about the performance of other competitors, and being exposed to the judgments that people who attend the competition will make, were the factors that children consider as generators of stress. In future research, it will be advisable to take into account the time that children have been practicing the sport, since it is possible that the perception of stress changes with the years of training. We can also evaluate in groups of children who are at the same age, since the maturation process progresses rapidly during childhood. It will also be worth differentiating between individual and team sports athletes.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The Ponseti method (PM) of manipulative treatment for congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) or clubfoot became widely adopted by pediatric orthopedic surgeons at the beginning of the mid-1990s with reports of long-term successful outcomes. Sports are crucial for children's development and for learning good behavior. This study aimed to evaluate the sports activity levels in children treated with PM and to assess the different outcomes, according to gender and bilaterality. METHODS: A total of 25 patients (44 feet) with CTEV treated by the PM were included in the study. The patients were clinically evaluated according to the Clubfoot Assessment Protocol, American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society, Ankle-Hindfoot score, the Foot and Ankle Disability Index (CAP, AOFAS, and FADI, respectively), and FADI Sport scores. RESULTS: The overall mean CAP, AOFAS, FADI, and FADI Sport scores were 97.5 ± 6.4 (range 68.75-100), 97.5 ± 5.8 (range 73.00-100), 99.9 ± 0.6 (range 97.1-100), and 100, respectively. Gender and bilaterality did not affect outcome (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The data confirmed good-to-excellent outcomes in children with CTEV managed by PM. No limitations in sport performance or activity could be observed. In particular, male and female patients and patients with unilateral or bilateral involvement performed equally well.

RESUMEN

Background: An aspect that influences sport performance is maturation status, since, within the same chronological age group, boys who have advanced maturation outperform their late maturing peers in tests of muscular strength, power, and endurance. Therefore, the aims of the present study were: (i) to investigate the differences in biological maturation and anthropometric and morphological characteristics among three groups of Italian adolescents, two of which were sportive (practicing basketball and football) and one non-sportive, and (ii) to identify the anthropometric and morphological predictors that best discriminate these three groups. Methods: Sixty-one basketball and 62 soccer players and 68 non-sportive youths were measured (mean age = 13.0 ± 1.1 y). Anthropometric characteristics were taken and body mass index, cormic index, body composition parameters, and somatotype were derived. An estimation of maturity status was carried out considering the years from peak height velocity (PHV). Two-way 3 × 3 ANOVAs was performed on all anthropometric characteristics to test the differences within sport groups and maturity status groups. Discriminant function analysis (stepwise criteria) was then applied to anthropometric and body composition variables to classify subjects into the three different sport categories. Results: Differences in anthropometric characteristics were detected among the three groups. For somatotype, differences among all of the considered groups were higher for endomorphy (p < 0.001; effect size = 0.13). Biological maturity influences the differences in the anthropometric characteristics and body composition among subjects of the same chronological age during adolescence. The variables that best discriminated the three groups were represented by body composition parameters, body proportions, and body build. Conclusions: This study confirms that boys who practice sport present healthier body composition parameters, with lower level of fat parameters. The assessment of maturity status is a fundamental factor in explaining anthropometric and body composition differences among peers in this period. Its comprehension may assist coaches and technical staff in optimizing competitive efficiency and monitoring the success of training regimes.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

There has been a decrease in sports practices among the adolescent population, and several authors have tried to identify variables that can explain this decrease by analyzing psychosocial aspects such as perceived fitness and self-efficacy. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to examine the association of perceived fitness and self-efficacy with sport practices and to determine whether perceived fitness is a mediator of the association between self-efficacy and sport practice in Spanish adolescents. The sample was composed of 882 students between 13 and 17 years old from Gipuzkoa (Spain). A descriptive, correlational and direct/indirect effect approach was used, using the PROCESS macro for Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Among the results obtained, it is highlighted on the one hand, that perceived fitness significantly correlates with both self-efficacy and sport practice, on the other hand, it is confirmed that perceived fitness is a mediator in the relationship between self-efficacy and sports practice. This finding highlights the importance of psychosocial aspects in efforts to increase sports practice.

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar os motivos para prática esportiva de jovens atletas escolares, além das variáveis: sexo, idade e tempo de treino. Trezentos e sessenta e cinco jovens atletas (216 meninas e 149 meninos; idade 13 anos ± 0,8) foram avaliados mediante instrumento Participation Motivation Questionnaire. O principal motivo para a prática de esporte elencado pelas atletas do sexo feminino foi Competência Técnica (4,38 ± 0,09). Seguido por Aptidão Física (4,07 ± 0,83) e Atividade em Grupo (4,02 ± 0,78). Já para os atletas do sexo masculino, Competência Técnica (4,51 ± 0,51) seguidos por Competição (4,34 ± 0,78) e Atividade em Grupo (4,17 ± 0,74). A diferença entre os meninos e meninas ocorreu nos motivos: Afiliação e relacionamento social (P<0,05). Os jovens atletas atribuíram maior importância para aspectos equivalentes ao aprimoramento das habilidades técnicas, aprender novas habilidades e seguir para um alto nível.

The aim of study was to identify motives that lead young athletes to participate basketball and handball modalities, besides the variables: gender, age and training time. Three hundred and sixty-five young athletes (216 girls and 149 boys, age 13 years ± 0.8) were evaluated using Participation Motivation Questionnaire. The main sport participation motive cited by athletes was Technical Competence (4.38 ± 0.09). Following the main sport participation motive mentioned, Physical Fitness (4.07 ± 0.83) and Group Activity (4.02 ± 0.78) were the motives most pointed out by female athletes, regardless of the training time. For male athletes, motives related to Competition (4.34 ± 0.78) and Group Activity (4.17 ± 0.74) were indicated in a significantly lower position in relation to motive related to Technical Competence (4.51 ± 0.51). Young athletes gave more importance to aspects equivalent to improvement of technical skills, learn new skills and move to a high level.

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los motivos para la práctica deportiva de jóvenes atletas escolares, además de las variables: sexo, edad y tiempo de entrenamiento. Trescientos sesenta y cinco jóvenes atletas (216 niñas y 149 niños, edad 13 años ± 0,8) fueron evaluados mediante Participation Motivation Questionnaire. El principal motivo para la práctica de deporte que elencado por las atletas femeninas fue Competencia Técnica (4,38 ± 0,09). Seguido por Aptitud Física (4,07 ± 0,83) y Actividad en grupo (4,02 ± 0,78). Para los atletas del sexo masculino, Competencia Técnica (4,51 ± 0,51) seguidos por Competición (4,34 ± 0,78) y Actividad en Grupo (4,17 ± 0,74). La diferencia entre los niños y las niñas ocurrió en los motivos: Afiliación y Relación Social (P <0,05). Los jóvenes atletas atribuyeron mayor importancia a aspectos equivalentes al perfeccionamiento de las habilidades técnicas, a aprender nuevas habilidades y seguir hacia un alto nivel.