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The performance of photovoltaic (PV) modules is greatly impacted by dust accumulation and defects appearing in photovoltaic (PV) modules. Existing studies primarily focus on the effect of dust on general photovoltaic performance, neglecting the interactions with pre-existing defects such as snail trails. These defects are known to degrade the efficiency of PV modules. However, their interaction with environmental factors like dust accumulation has not been extensively analyzed. This research comprehensively analyzes the impact of dust accumulation on the performance of PV modules affected by snail trails. Using an experimental setup under outdoor conditions, the study incorporates thermal imaging, current-voltage characteristic curve tracing (IV curve tracing), electroluminescence (EL) imaging, and chemical analysis of the accumulated dust, to evaluate the electrical and thermal parameters affecting PV module performance. The study focuses on three types of modules, clean serves as a reference module (PV-R), normal unclean (PV-N), and snail trail-affected unclean PV module (PV-S). Compared to the PV-R module, the study meticulously quantifies the effect of accumulated dust on key performance indicators such as output power, V, and I. The PV-N module exhibits reductions of 17.7 % in current, 3.91 % in voltage, and 18.15 % in power output. The PV-S module experienced a decrease of 7.4 % in current, 7.55 % in voltage, and 14.87 % in power output under the dust deposition density of 6.984 g/m^2 having a mean particle size of 2.2279 µm. The dust deposition reduced the transmittance of glass, which indicates a potentially adverse impact on the PV module's efficiency. The findings highlighted in the current work provide a significant understanding of the detrimental impacts of dust accumulation on defected photo voltaic modules, highlighting the need for regular maintenance and cleaning to ensure optimal performance.

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INTRODUCTION: Patients with Hirschsprung disease (HD) can experience soiling after their pull-through. We evaluated the use of antegrade continence enema (ACE) for this patient population and investigated the timing and factors associated with getting the patient clean. METHODS: We performed a single-institution retrospective review (from January 2020 to January 2023) of patients with HD and prior pull-through who had persistent soiling, failed laxative treatment or rectal enemas, and were treated with antegrade enemas. The primary outcome was time to become "clean of stool" which was defined as at least one bowel movement per day, no more than one stool accident per week, and no significant stool burden radiographically. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed, and univariate cox proportional hazard regression was used to assess factors associated with time to continence. RESULTS: Thirty patients who met the criteria underwent ACE creation at a median age of 6.5 y (interquartile range 5.3-9.8) with a median follow-up time of 11.5 mo (interquartile range 5.6-16.5). Most patients became clean by 4 mo (13 of 20, 65%) with similar results at 1-y follow-up (16 of 21, 76%). The median time to becoming clean was 4.3 mo (95% confidence interval: 1.7-15.0. Patients with hypermotility were more likely to continue to soil at 1 y (80% versus 13%, P = 0.01). There were no additional factors significantly associated with time to cleanliness. CONCLUSIONS: ACE is a useful modality for HD patients with soiling. Most became clean of stool in 4 mo. The presence of hypermotility was associated with a higher incidence of persistent soiling at 1 y.

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Photovoltaic (PV) panels are similar in many aspects to the leaves of trees, both are standing in the Sun to capture the sunlight, however, PV panels get soiled especially in desert areas, while the leaves remain clean to a very good extent. The question is, why leaves remain clean while PV panels get soiled quite easily? The leaves are hanging on the stem of trees and these stems are flexible to motion, such that if the wind blows in any direction over the stem it vibrates allowing any deposited particle to fall off the surface. The objective of this research is to develop a fixation method for PV panels similar to the stems of trees, such that the panel can vibrate as the wind blows in order to minimize dust accumulation. Different fixation methods for the PV panel are designed, and the air flow around the panel is simulated using the CFD package Ansys Fluent. It has been found that a PV panel pivoted at its lower edge, such that it can revolve around the lower edge, together with a vertical wind shield attached to its upper edge and a spring attached at the middle of its backside has the largest vibration amplitude due to the applied wind compared to the other designs. Experiments have been done to infer the influence of the new fixation method of the PV panel on dust accumulation over the panel. After 6 weeks of operation, it has been found that the efficiency of the PV panel that is flexibly fixed has dropped by only 5%, while the efficiency of the panel that is rigidly fixed has dropped by 25%. It can be concluded that a PV panel operating a light post should be fixed on a flexible base that allows the panel to vibrate as the wind blows over it in order to mitigate dust.

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CASE SERIES SUMMARY: This case series describes the clinical findings and surgical intervention of 86 declawed cats; 52 from a shelter or rescue and 34 owned cats. Historical reports from owners and shelter staff included house-soiling, biting behavior, repelling behavior, barbering, lameness, chronic digit infection and nail regrowth. All the cats had fragments of the third phalanx (P3) of varying sizes diagnosed on radiographs. Pathology visible on examination included digital subcutaneous swelling, ecchymosis, malaligned digital pads, ulcerations, exudate, tendon contracture, nail regrowth and callusing. Surgery was pursued in these cases to remove the P3 fragments, relieve tendon contracture and reposition the digital pads with an anchoring suture. Gross findings intraoperatively included fragmented growth of cornified and non-cornified nail tissue, osteophytes on the surface of the second phalanx, deep digital flexor tendon calcification, and both bacterial and sterile exudate. The most common complication 14 days postoperatively was mild (14%) to moderate (1%) lameness. All historical parameters recorded improved in both populations of cats (house-soiling, biting behavior, repelling behavior, barbering, lameness, tendon contracture and chronic digit infection). Postoperatively, 1/47 cats exhibited continued malalignment of two digital pads and there were no reports of long-term postoperative lameness. RELEVANCE AND NOVEL INFORMATION: Two methods of declawing cats are detailed in the veterinary literature, including partial amputation of P3 and disarticulation of the entire P3 bone. The novel information in this report includes historical and clinical signs of declawed cats with P3 fragments, intraoperative gross pathology, surgical intervention and the postoperative follow-up results.

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OBJECTIVES: Functional retentive overflow incontinence (retentive FI) is the most common cause of fecal soiling in children. Based on the clinical experiences, the treatment of retentive FI in patients with comorbid psychiatric disorders was accelerated when Risperidone was used as treatment for their psychiatric comorbidities; therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of risperidone in the treatment of retentive FI in children and adolescents. METHODS: In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 140 patients aged 4-16 years eligible for the study were randomized into two groups, receiving either 0.25-0.5 mg of Risperidone syrup (n = 70) or maltodextrin syrup (placebo group, n = 70) every 12 h daily for 12 weeks. Sociodemographic data, including age, sex, weight, height, BMI, BMI z-score, and socioeconomic status, was recorded, and the number of nocturnal FI, diurnal FI, and painful defecations was measured. RESULTS: 136 participants (69 on Risperidone and 67 on placebo) were included in the study. Mean age of participants in the intervention and placebo groups were 7.2 ± 2.4 years and 8.0 ± 3.1 years, respectively. The mean number of nocturnal FI (Ptrend=0.39) and diurnal FI (Ptrend=0.48) in patients without psychiatric comorbidities, and the number of painful defecations for participants with and without psychiatric comorbidities (P = 0.49, P = 0.47, respectively) were not significantly different between the groups, but a significant effect was observed in diurnal FI after Risperidone treatment in patients with psychiatric comorbidities (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Risperidone, when used along with other non-pharmacological interventions, may be helpful in treating FI in pediatric patients with psychiatric comorbidities.

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Objective To investigate the risk factors of postoperative fecal contamination in children pa-tients with Hirschsprung's disease(HSCR),and to construct and evaluate the risk predictive model.Methods The clinical data in 377 children patients with HSCR in 3 class 3A hospitals in Guangxi from Janu-ary 2016 to June 2021were retrospectively analyzed by adopting the convenience sampling method.The pa-tients were divided into the modeling group(n=264)and testing model group(n=113)with a ratio of 7∶3.The risk factors of postoperative fecal soiling were analyzed by the single factor and multiple factors,and the risk predictive model was constructed.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to detect the discriminative ability of the model and the H-L test was used to determine the goodness of fit of the mod-el.The model was prospectively validated in 21 children patients with HSCR from August to December 2021.Results Among 377 children patients with HSCR,the fecal soiling occurred in 131 cases with a incidence rate of 34.75％.The constructed predictive model of fecal contamination risk after HSCR operation:logit(P)=-2.385+1.697 × special type of megacolon+0.929 × Soave+0.105 × length of bowel resection+2.065 × il-literate caregivers+0.808 × caregivers'implementation of postoperative diet+0.867 × postoperative defecation training by caregivers.The area under the curve(AUC)in the modeling group was 0.849,the Yoden index was 0.53,the optimal critical value of the model was 0.32,the sensitivity was 76.00％,and the specificity was 77.00％.The H-L test,X2=6.649,P=0.575.AUC of the testing model group was 0.736,the sensitivity was 81.25％,and the specificity was 78.46％.The prospective validation results showed that the sensitivity and specificity of the model were 66.67％and 100％respectively.Conclusion The constructed model has good i-dentification and predictive ability.

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Post-weaning diarrhoea is a condition of increasing importance due to recent restrictions and bans on the preventive use of antimicrobials and medicinal zinc oxide. For various purposes, it is valuable to monitor the occurrence of post-weaning diarrhoea. The aim of this paper was to propose a protocol for easy and reliable assessment of the prevalence of post-weaning diarrhoea within a section of pigs as an alternative to clinical examination of a random sample of pigs. Two datasets were collected in two different observational field investigations, including more than 4000 individual clinical examinations of newly weaned pigs. First we identified a clinical marker for post-weaning diarrhoea. Second, we drew samples by simulation from our two dataset using different simplified sampling strategies and compared these to conventional random sampling strategies. The prediction error for estimates of the diarrhoea prevalence within a section was compared for the different sampling strategies. The study showed that pigs with diarrhoea had an increased risk of displaying diarrheic soiling of the hind part as well as dull, long, and bristly hair coat, and possibly also hollow flanks and a suboptimal body condition score. Diarrheic soiling of the hind part was the best clinical predictor of diarrhoea; our best estimate of the diagnostic sensitivity was 76.1% (95% credible interval: 72.0, 79.8), and the specificity was 97.1% (95% credible interval: 96.5 0.97.7). Diarrheic soiling of the hind is only a valid clinical predictor of diarrhoea for the first 14 days after insertion into the nursery unit. The precision and accuracy of prevalence estimates were similar for haphazard sampling compared to random sampling of the pigs. Likewise, sampling from a restricted number of pens produced prediction errors similar to sampling across all pens. Yet, the study had limitations regarding sample sizes, and furthermore it is difficult to provide certainty for absence of effects. We recommend sampling pigs haphazardly within at least three randomly selected pens for post-weaning diarrhoea prevalence surveys in order to easily obtain a reliable prevalence estimate. Based on our findings, we conclude the paper by proposing a simple four-step protocol for surveys of the within-section prevalence of post-weaning diarrhoea.

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The data presented in this paper are related to the performance of an installed on-grid photovoltaic 100 kW system installed on the roof of a building at the Institute of Applied Sciences, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako. The accompanying files provide the necessary data files related to PV systems. This system under consideration is part of a pilot project of a grid-connected system in Mali by the Renewable Energies Agency (AER). The PV system is located at 12.62°N latitude and -7.99°W longitude. It is composed of 313 monocrystalline modules of 320W for an installed power of approximately 101kWp and they are fixed on support inclined at 6 degrees orientated East-West. The data were collected from March 2020 to February 2021.

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The photovoltaic modules are mostly installed outdoors, exposing them to different conditions. These conditions significantly affect their performance. One of the most influential factors on photovoltaic modules is the soiling phenomenon from dust deposition. Dust deposition on the surface of the modules causes transmittance loss. Some studies in different parts of the world have tried to find mathematical correlations between particulate deposition and transmittance. These correlations are a function of dust characteristics and environmental factors. This study proposes a new methodology to mathematically combine the photovoltaic model and transmittance loss correlations. The proposed model could examine and predict the effect of soiling on photovoltaic modules' performance. Three photovoltaic modules with different capacities are selected. Using the proposed model, they are modeled by assuming clean and dirty photovoltaic surfaces depending on the installation conditions. This study is based on actual data from the center of Tehran, located at 35° 41' north latitude and 51° 23' east longitude for 12 months in the year 2020. The module's performance was investigated in the presence of dust. The presented results are validated by comparing them with other studies. The results show that the soiling effect is not dependent on the modules' capacity.

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A comprehensive model of indoor particle deposition onto surfaces of historic interiors was developed. The model takes into account the most important deposition processes observed in historic buildings: Brownian and turbulent diffusion, gravitational settling, turbophoresis, and thermophoresis. The developed model is expressed as a function of important parameters characterizing historic interiors: the friction velocity - capturing the effect of the indoor airflow intensity, the difference between the temperature of the air and the surface, and surface roughness. In particular, a new form of the thermophoretic term was proposed to account for an important mechanism of surface soiling driven by frequent large temperature differences between indoor air and surfaces in historic buildings. The form adopted allowed the temperature gradients to be calculated down to low distances from the surfaces and showed insignificant dependence of the temperature gradient on the diameter of particles, which yielded a meaningful physical description of the process. The predictions of the developed model agreed with the outcome of the previous models, in turn correctly interpreting the experimental data. The model was used in simulating the total deposition velocity in a small-size church taken as an example of a historic building, heated in the cold period. The model adequately predicted the deposition processes and proved to be able to map magnitudes of deposition velocities for specific surface orientations. The crucial effect of the surface roughness on the deposition paths was documented.

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The objective of this paper is to evaluate the performance of the hydrophobic coatings and detergent cleaning & antistatic protection for photovoltaic solar panels in semi-arid weather conditions in Benguerir Morocco. Various coating and cleaning strategies were tested on five photovoltaic (PV) systems with the same PV panels and electrical configurations. The first PV system (uncleaned) was not subject to any coatings or cleaning solutions. The second PV system (Water Cleaned) was periodically cleaned with raw water. The third PV system: solar wash protects (SWP) made use of a cleaning solution. The fourth:D solar defender (DSS) and fifth: industrial glass protect (IGP) PV systems each had a unique combination of the two hydrophobic coatings. The results demonstrated that after 9 months of operation, in the first 3 months (cleaning period) the average efficiency gain of the coated PV panels is around 10% compared to the reference system. Whereas in the non-cleaning period after 6 months of exposure, the efficiency gain is around 5%. After the outdoor exposure period, the cumulative energy gain of the coated systems compared to the water-cleaned reference reaches an average of 3%. It has been found that the SWP used 50% less water to clean the PV panels than the system cleaned without a cleaning solution, which made the panels harder to clean. The SWP is more successful at dust removal during the dry season (August-February) with low rain rates. However, during the rainy season (March-April), IGP outperformed SWP and DSD, with a small difference in PV performance. This study demonstrates the significance of using new cleaning strategies such as anti-soling coatings in dry areas to enhance the performance of photovoltaic systems, which may be useful for investors, researchers, and engineers interested in grid-connected photovoltaic and self-cleaning technology.

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OBJECTIVES: Onychectomized cats (Felis catus) with inappropriate elimination behaviors or aggression may be responding to painful paw pathology, even several years after the initial onychectomy. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the onychectomized toes of this population of cats for pain (thorough physical examination and/or buprenorphine trial), pathological changes (using high-resolution radiographs) and response to tenectomy in those with hyperflexion of the proximal interphalangeal joint. METHODS: Cats in this study were previously onychectomized and exhibited inappropriate behaviors (inappropriate elimination, biting), exhibited pain associated with the onychectomy site or had behavioral improvements when put on a 2-week buprenorphine trial. A detailed history was obtained, including verification of proper litter box placement and management. Physical examinations included a close analysis of the onychectomized digits for resistance to extension and pain on palpation. Only cats with a normal urinalysis were included in the study. High-resolution radiographic imaging was performed on all study cats. A total flexor tenectomy was performed on cats with hyperflexion of the proximal interphalangeal joints. RESULTS: All 42 cats included in the study benefited from total flexor tenectomy surgery. Two cats remained biters, even after a long course of analgesic medication. All cats walked more comfortably post-tenectomy surgery. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Onychectomy can lead to pain, inappropriate elimination and aggressive behavior. The presented salvage tenectomy procedure can alleviate or eliminate inappropriate behaviors by reducing the pain from the original onychectomy.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate outcomes of adopting the Swenson-like technique in transanal pull-through for Hirschsprung disease (HD) at a children's institution in Southeast Asia. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed over 42 months at a safety-net pediatric hospital in Vietnam. RESULTS: From January 2019 to June 2022, the Swenson-like technique was implemented and performed on 139 patients (115 male, 24 female, mean age 6.4 ± 11.96 months). There were 123 transanal-only resections, 5 transanal plus laparoscopic, and 11 transanal plus laparotomy. The mean operative time was 70.9 ± 43.6 min. The average length of the resected specimen was 18.8 ± 10.9 cm. No urethral or vaginal injuries occurred. Postoperative complications included 1 anastomotic leak (0.7%), 4 anastomotic stenoses (2.8%), and 2 perianal abscesses in the setting of recurrent enterocolitis (1.4%). With a mean follow-up of 26 ± 11.9 months (range 3-48 months), there were 25 enterocolitis cases (17.9%), 45 patients with constipation (32.3%), 1 episode of fecal incontinence lasting longer than 6 months (0.7%), and 1 rectal-vestibular fistula noted one year postoperatively (0.7%). There were no deaths. CONCLUSION: The Swenson-like technique in transanal pull-through for Hirschsprung's disease was safely adopted at our institution. The results show that applying this technique uniformly in a single institution led to excellent outcomes.

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In this work, an image analysis technique combining a new generation optical microscope (Leica DM6 M) and Cleanliness Expert image acquisition and processing software is proposed for the study of dirt particles on PV modules in three different regions: Souss-Massa region, Drâa-Tafilalet region, and Rabat-Salé-Kénitra region. This method offers the possibility of providing an appropriate assessment of the particle size distribution. The analyzed glass samples were installed in these three different regions, on wooden holders tiled 15°, 30°, and 45° and for a period ranging from 64 to 75 days. The studies carried out to evaluate the soiling phenomenon based on image processing are very limited and do not take into account the total scanning of the analyzed surface. They are generally limited to a single (one) or a few images taken at different locations of the sample and are then extrapolated over the entire surface. This observation raises the question of the representativeness of the results obtained with respect to the result on the entire surface of the sample. In this context, we thought of carrying out this experimental study, which aims to answer this question and evaluate the particle size of the dirt samples on the PV modules. The results obtained in this study have shown that three images will be enough to represent the whole area of the sample. In addition, the dominant particle diameters by number are in the range of 1-5 µm.

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Several soiling mitigation solutions and cleaning techniques have been developed to maintain high efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) panels. First of its kind, the investigation of the adaptability of the cleaning systems to solar trackers has been performed. The majority of these systems are dedicated to fixed installations whereas only few systems that can be adapted to solar trackers are presented in the updated cleaning systems background. For this reason, this paper presents an innovative approach which consists of combining trackers with an integrated cleaning system that has been designed. Based on the conducted experimental study, a maximum of 7% in soiling losses has been found for the PV generator of 4 kWp equipped with a dual-axis tracker installed in Rabat-Morocco over almost 1 year. Consequently, a reduced cleaning prototype has been realized and tested to evaluate the energy recovery based on the performed cleaning. The automatic cleaning has presented a similar efficiency with the manual cleaning with a slight difference of 0.95 pp and an increase of energy of 11.5% in the arid region. Through the economic analysis carried out taking into account the gain in energy production, the automatic cleaning cost was 0.14 USD/kWh. It has been found that the cleaning technique based on the telescopic arm would be more effective if the tracker is installed in an arid region where soiling is higher than Rabat. In this case, the payback time of the cleaning solution is faster (8 to 9 years), hence its profitability.

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The present work aims at the characterization of the dust particles in South India through an image analysis of glass samples inclined at a tilt of 0° and 13° for four different exposure periods (approximately 30 to 40 days/exposure period). It aims as well at the study of the different factors influencing the accuracy of the image analysis of dust particles. The analysis of the shape factor reveals that the dust particles on tilted surface (13°) have regular shapes, and irregular shapes are more observed in horizontal surfaces. The size analysis of the dust particles with magnification of 20 × has revealed that the size distribution is in the range of 0-4 µm but more concentrated in the range of 0-1 µm. However, with 10 × magnification, larger particles are more detected. Furthermore, average results from three sample images seem to be more precise and representative than results from two images. The fractional coverage area of the dust particles on the sample has been calculated and compared with the transmittance losses. These two variables are found to be proportional with an R2 of 53%. Nevertheless, the comparison showed again that three images give better results with an R2 of 75% against 11% for two images. The results obtained in this study are very useful for the development of high precision soiling sensors that are based on image analysis and outdoor soiling microscopes, which are the main components for an efficient and economic cleaning of solar PV modules.

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BACKGROUND: In patients with Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), soiling may be related to anal sphincter damage following the initial pull-through. No optimal treatment has been developed for such patients, although enemas (rectal or antegrade) have been applied with some success. We present the one-year outcomes of a new technique for anal sphincter reconstruction. METHODS: All patients with HSCR referred from other institutions for post pull-through soiling were studied. Seven patients with patulous sphincters underwent sphincter reconstruction. Six had a full preoperative evaluation and were included in the study. Their 12-month outcomes were assessed. RESULTS: All six patients had soiling without voluntary bowel movements (VBMs). One patient was clean on Malone flushes when referred. Three underwent pre- and post-reconstruction non-sedated three-dimensional anorectal manometry, and objectively were able to close their sphincters following the reconstruction. All patients without Down syndrome (4 of 6) showed improvement in the abbreviated Baylor Continence Scale (4.5 vs. 0.75). One patient has achieved total bowel control without antegrade flushes, three now have VBMs which they did not have before but have occasional accidents and use antegrade flushes intermittently. They reported higher productivity, the ability to participate in sports and be away from home with confidence in their regimen. Two of 6 patients have Down syndrome and required a redo pull-through for other indications and underwent empiric sphincter reconstruction. For these two patients we do not have an outcomes assessment. CONCLUSIONS: A new technique for sphincter reconstruction shows promising results in improvement of bowel control at one year. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

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PURPOSE: Gastrointestinal perforation is a significant injury that originates mainly from gastrointestinal ulcers. It is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The height of the column of the air under the diaphragm can be used to estimate the amount of peritoneal soiling due to viscus perforation. This study aimed to determine the correlation between this estimate and the incidence of morbidity and mortality. METHODS: To achieve this aim, a prospective cohort study was conducted on 83 patients at Kasr al ainy hospital who, between March 2021 and March 2022, presented to the emergency department with free air under the diaphragm at chest X-ray and required surgical intervention for a perforated viscus. For each case, the amount of peritoneal soiling and the amount of air under the diaphragm as determined by a chest X-ray were recorded. RESULTS: The mean air under the diaphragm in a plain erect chest X-ray was 1.78 ± 1.92 cm, and the mean amount of peritoneal soiling was 1201.83 ± 948.99 CC. There are positive correlations between the amount of air under the diaphragm as shown on an X-ray and the size of the perforation (p = 0.034), the amount of peritoneal soiling (p = 0.003), and the mortality (p = 0.013). CONCLUSION: There was a statistically significant correlation between air under the diaphragm according to X-ray and the amount of peritoneal soiling in patients with a perforated viscus. This measure can be used as a sensitive tool to predict morbidity and mortality as more free air in the chest X-ray is associated with significant mortality. These results may enhance the decision making using sensitive and available tool of diagnosis.

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In this paper we conducted an experimental study to evaluate the impact of soiling on the temperature and electricity production of two photovoltaic technologies (Poly-Si and CdTe) under a hot semi-arid climate of Morocco. For this purpose, two modules -from each technology-were exposed for one year where one is cleaned every day and the other is left to accumulate soiling on its surface. In parallel, the electrical parameters, the weather data and the modules temperature were monitored using high precision instruments. Results show that the Poly-Si technology is highly affected by soiling in comparison to the CdTe where the measured daily Soiling ratio (SR) can reach 0.70 and 0.73 respectively. This values lead to a drop on the energy production of 15% for the Poly-Si and 13%. Regarding the modules temperature (Tm) results show that soiling has an impact on increasing the temperature for both technologies, but the Poly-Si module is more affected than the CdTe one, where the daily average temperature difference between the clean and the soiled modules is around 1.5 °C and 1.3 °C for both technologies, respectively.

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BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infestation by Capillaria spp. in domestic cats is rather rare, but can cause clinical symptoms and affect behaviour. To our knowledge, this report is the first to describe a case of urinary capillariosis in a cat in Poland. CASE PRESENTATION: A female formerly stray cat aged about 1.5 years showing dysuria, stranguria, periuria and lethargy was presented at the veterinary clinic. Urinalysis revealed the presence of Capillaria plica eggs in the sediment. The cat was treated successfully with three topical doses of Broadline (Merial, Toulouse, France). CONCLUSIONS: C. plica is a nematode whose definitive hosts are carnivores, which are infected by eating earthworms (the intermediate hosts). Thus, C. plica infestation is more frequent in wild carnivores and dogs, and rare in cats. Symptomatic bladder capillariosis in cats is very rarely diagnosed and described.

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