RESUMEN
Soybean is a rich source of folates. We optimised the extraction and detection of folates from soybean seeds by HPLC-MS/MS and analysed the folate content and composition of 1074 accessions. Total folate content ranged from 64.51 to 691.24 µg/100 g fresh weight, with 10-fold variation, and 60 elite accessions with over 400 µg/100 g of total folate were identified. The most abundant component was 5-CHO-H4folate, which accounted for an average of 60% of total folate content. Seed-coat colour, seed weight, ecoregion, and accession type significantly affected soybean folate content. Furthermore, 5-CH3-H4folate correlated positively with seed protein (r = 0.24***) and negatively with oil (r = -0.26***). The geographical distribution of folate according to accession origin revealed that accessions from Northeast China contain higher amounts of total folate and 5-CHO-H4folate. This study provides comprehensive and novel insights into the folate profile of soybean, which will benefit soybean breeding for folate enhancement.
Asunto(s)
Glycine max , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Ácido Fólico/análisis , FitomejoramientoRESUMEN
Folates are essential micronutrients for human health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of storage, processing and cooking methods on folate content and identify factors with great influence on folate retention in wheat grains and wheat-based foods. For this, the folate levels of wheat grains after 2-8 months of storage, wheat flours, noodles, fermented dough, steamed bun, and bread were sequentially analyzed. An average of 26% folate loss was observed after eight-month storage in wheat grains. The milling process, with an extraction rate of 70%, led to a severe (71%) folate loss. The folate retention rate in noodles was 78%. Fermentation by yeast production enabled a 1.5-4-fold enhancement of folate levels in steamed bun and bread. Boiling, steaming and baking led to a folate loss of 13%, 16%, and 11%, respectively. These results help to guide industrial/household preparation of wheat-based foods for folate nutrition.
Asunto(s)
Culinaria/métodos , Ácido Fólico/química , Semillas/química , Triticum/química , Pan/análisis , Fermentación , Harina/análisis , Ácido Fólico/análisis , Manipulación de Alimentos , Almacenamiento de Alimentos , VaporRESUMEN
Folates are essential micronutrients in the human diet. Germplasm rich in folates can be used as genetic resource for diet and breeding to produce new varieties with enhanced folates. To investigate the natural variation of folates among wheat cultivars and identify high folate materials for breeding, we studied the grain folate contents of 360 wheat samples consisting of 315 wheat genotypes grown in North China using the high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method. The total folate content among wheat genotypes ranged from 10.15⯱â¯2.86 to 91.44⯱â¯5.64⯵g per 100â¯g grains, thus showing a remarked variation. Fifty-two wheat cultivars, such as Henong58-3, were identified as good sources of folates. 5-Formyltetrahydrate and 5-methyltetrahydrate were found to be the two major folate derivatives in wheat germplasm. In addition, we found that environment factor also had significant effect on folate production. This investigation can help wheat breeders for folate improvement.
Asunto(s)
Grano Comestible/química , Ácido Fólico/análisis , Triticum/química , China , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Genotipo , Humanos , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , Triticum/genéticaRESUMEN
Inhibition of hypoxia inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase-2 (HPH), leading to activation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1 is a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of colitis. Rosmarinic acid (RA), an ester of caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound with two catechols, a or inhibition of HPH. To improve accessibility of highly hydrophilic RA to HPH, an intracellular target, RA was chemically modified to decrease hydrophilicity. Of the less-hydrophilic derivatives, rosmarinic acid methyl ester (RAME) most potently inhibited HPH. Accordingly, RAME prevented hydroxylation of HIF-1α and consequently stabilized HIF-1α protein in cells. RAME inhibition of HPH and induction of HIF-1α were diminished by elevated doses of the required factors of HPH, 2-ketoglutarate and ascorbate. RAME induction of HIF-1α led to activation of an ulcer healing pathway, HIF-1-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in human colon carcinoma cells. RAME administered rectally ameliorated TNBS-induced rat colitis and substantially decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators in the inflamed colonic tissue. In parallel with the cellular effects of RAME, RAME up-regulated HIF-1α and VEGF in the inflamed colonic tissue. Thus, lipophilic modification of RA improves its ability to inhibit HPH, leading to activation of the HIF-1-VEGF pathway. RAME, a lipophilic RA derivative, may exert anti-colitic effects via activation of the ulcer healing pathway.
Asunto(s)
Cinamatos/química , Cinamatos/farmacología , Colitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Depsidos/química , Depsidos/farmacología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Prolina Dioxigenasas del Factor Inducible por Hipoxia/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacología , Ácidos Carboxílicos/química , Línea Celular Tumoral , Cinamatos/uso terapéutico , Coenzimas/fisiología , Colitis/inducido químicamente , Colitis/metabolismo , Colitis/patología , Depsidos/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/uso terapéutico , Ésteres , Humanos , Hidroxilación/efectos de los fármacos , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia/metabolismo , Prolina Dioxigenasas del Factor Inducible por Hipoxia/metabolismo , Ácidos Cetoglutáricos/farmacología , Estabilidad Proteica/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Ácido Trinitrobencenosulfónico/efectos adversos , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismo , Ácido RosmarínicoRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of postharvest application of 1-methylecyclopropene (1-MCP), 1-pentylcyclopropene (1-PentCP) and 1-octylcyclopropene (1-OCP), two structural analogues of 1-MCP, on Actinidia arguta (Siebold et Zucc.) Planch. ex. Miq. Fruit post-harvest ripening and antioxidant activity. The results showed that these two structural analogues, just as 1-MCP, exerted their effect in a concentration-dependent manner. The most effective concentration of 1-MCP, 1-PentCP or 1-OCP treatment was 1.2 µl L(-1), 1.2 µl L(-1) and 0.8 µl L(-1), respectively. But, 0.8 µl L(-1) 1-OCP was found to be more potent in postponing the appearances of respiration rate peak and ethylene production peak, delaying the softening and weight loss, suppressing the activities of ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO), maintaining higher glutathione (GSH) content, activities of glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), though slightly inferior to 1.2 µl L(-1) 1-MCP.