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The study presents a new approach for assessing plantarflexor muscles' function using a smartphone. The test involves performing repeated heel raises for 60 s while seated. The seated heel-rise test offers a simple method for assessing plantarflexor muscles' function in those with severe balance impairment who are unable to complete tests performed while standing. The study aimed to showcase how gyroscopic data from a smartphone placed on the lower limb can be used to assess the test. Eight participants performed the seated heel-rise test with each limb. Gyroscope and 2D video analysis data (60 Hz) of limb motion were used to determine the number of cycles, the average rise (T-rise), lowering (T-lower), and cycle (T-total) times. The number of cycles detected matched exactly when the gyroscope and kinematic data were compared. There was good time domain agreement between gyroscopic and video data (T-rise = 0.0005 s, T-lower = 0.0013 s, and T-total = 0.0017 s). The 95% CI limits of agreement were small (T-total -0.1118, 0.1127 s, T-lower -0.1152, 0.1179 s, and T-total -0.0763, 0.0797 s). Results indicate that a smartphone placed on the thigh can successfully assess the seated heel-rise test. The seated heel-rise test offers an attractive alternative to test plantarflexor muscles' functionality in those unable to perform tests in standing positions.

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New sleep technologies are being developed, refined and delivered at a fast pace. However, there are serious concerns about the validation and accuracy of new sleep-related technologies being made available, as many of them, especially consumer-sleep technologies, have not been tested in comparison with gold-standard methods or have been approved by health regulatory agencies. The importance of proper validation and performance evaluation of new sleep technologies has already been discussed in previous studies and some recommendations have already been published, but most of them do not employ standardized methodology and are not able to cover all aspects of new sleep technologies. The current protocol describes the methods of a Delphi consensus study to create guidelines for the development, performance evaluation and validation of new sleep devices and technologies. The resulting recommendations are not intended to be used as a quality assessment tool to evaluate individual articles, but rather to evaluate the overall procedures, studies and experiments performed to develop, evaluate performance and validate new technologies. We hope these guidelines can be helpful for researchers who work with new sleep technologies on the appraisal of their reliability and validation, for companies who are working on the development and refinement of new sleep technologies, and by regulatory agencies to evaluate new technologies that are looking for registration, approval or inclusion on health systems.

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The objective of this study was to describe our experience using readily available telemedicine tools to deliver specialist multidisciplinary care to older adults with cancer at a Mexican medical centre during the COVID-19 pandemic. Between March 2020 and March 2021, patients aged ≥65 years with colorectal or gastric cancer treated at a geriatric oncology clinic in Mexico City were included. Patients were reached via telemedicine utilising readily available apps such as WhatsApp or Zoom. We performed interventions such as geriatric assessments, treatment toxicity assessments, physical examinations and treatment prescription. The number of visits per patient, type of device used, preferred software/app, consultation barriers and the ability of the team to deliver complex interventions were analysed and reported. A total of 44 patients received at least one telehealth visit, with a total of 167 consultations. Only 20% of patients had webcam-equipped computers, and 50% of visits were performed using a caregiver's device. Seventy-five percent of visits took place using WhatsApp, and 23% using Zoom. The average visit lasted 23 minutes, with only 2% not completed due to technical issues. A geriatric assessment was successfully conducted in 81% of telemedicine visits, and chemotherapy was prescribed remotely in 32%. The use of telemedicine is possible in older adults with cancer living in developing countries and with little previous exposure to digital technology using readily available platforms such as WhatsApp. Healthcare centres in developing countries should make efforts to enhance the use of telemedicine, particularly for vulnerable populations such as older adults with cancer.

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AIMS: This study aims to compare the performance of a handheld fundus camera (Eyer) and standard tabletop fundus cameras (Visucam 500, Visucam 540, and Canon CR-2) for diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema screening. METHODS: This was a multicenter, cross-sectional study that included images from 327 individuals with diabetes. The participants underwent pharmacological mydriasis and fundus photography in two fields (macula and optic disk centered) with both strategies. All images were acquired by trained healthcare professionals, de-identified, and graded independently by two masked ophthalmologists, with a third senior ophthalmologist adjudicating in discordant cases. The International Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy was used for grading, and demographic data, diabetic retinopathy classification, artifacts, and image quality were compared between devices. The tabletop senior ophthalmologist adjudication label was used as the ground truth for comparative analysis. A univariate and stepwise multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine the relationship of each independent factor in referable diabetic retinopathy. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 57.03 years (SD 16.82, 9-90 years), and the mean duration of diabetes was 16.35 years (SD 9.69, 1-60 years). Age (P = .005), diabetes duration (P = .004), body mass index (P = .005), and hypertension (P < .001) were statistically different between referable and non-referable patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a positive association between male sex (OR 1.687) and hypertension (OR 3.603) with referable diabetic retinopathy. The agreement between devices for diabetic retinopathy classification was 73.18%, with a weighted kappa of 0.808 (almost perfect). The agreement for macular edema was 88.48%, with a kappa of 0.809 (almost perfect). For referable diabetic retinopathy, the agreement was 85.88%, with a kappa of 0.716 (substantial), sensitivity of 0.906, and specificity of 0.808. As for image quality, 84.02% of tabletop fundus camera images were gradable and 85.31% of the Eyer images were gradable. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that the handheld retinal camera Eyer performed comparably to standard tabletop fundus cameras for diabetic retinopathy and macular edema screening. The high agreement with tabletop devices, portability, and low costs makes the handheld retinal camera a promising tool for increasing coverage of diabetic retinopathy screening programs, particularly in low-income countries. Early diagnosis and treatment have the potential to prevent avoidable blindness, and the present validation study brings evidence that supports its contribution to diabetic retinopathy early diagnosis and treatment.

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Dew computing aims to minimize the dependency on remote clouds by exploiting nearby nodes for solving non-trivial computational tasks, e.g., AI inferences. Nowadays, smartphones are good candidates for computing nodes; hence, smartphone clusters have been proposed to accomplish this task and load balancing is frequently a subject of research. Using the same real-i.e., in vivo-testbeds to evaluate different load balancing strategies based on energy utilization is challenging and time consuming. In principle, test repetition requires a platform to control battery charging periods between repetitions. Our Motrol hard-soft device has such a capability; however, it lacks a mechanism to assure and reduce the time in which all smartphone batteries reach the level required by the next test. We propose an evolutionary algorithm to execute smartphone battery (dis)charging plans to minimize test preparation time. Charging plans proposed by the algorithm include charging at different speeds, which is achieved by charging at maximum speed while exercising energy hungry components (the CPU and screen). To evaluate the algorithm, we use various charging/discharging battery traces of real smartphones and we compare the time-taken for our method to collectively prepare a set of smartphones versus that of individually (dis)charging all smartphones at maximum speed.

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There are concerns about the validation and accuracy of currently available consumer sleep technology for sleep-disordered breathing. The present report provides a background review of existing consumer sleep technologies and discloses the methods and procedures for a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy of these devices and apps for the detection of obstructive sleep apnea and snoring in comparison with polysomnography. The search will be performed in four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library). Studies will be selected in two steps, first by an analysis of abstracts followed by full-text analysis, and two independent reviewers will perform both phases. Primary outcomes include apnea-hypopnea index, respiratory disturbance index, respiratory event index, oxygen desaturation index, and snoring duration for both index and reference tests, as well as the number of true positives, false positives, true negatives, and false negatives for each threshold, as well as for epoch-by-epoch and event-by-event results, which will be considered for the calculation of surrogate measures (including sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy). Diagnostic test accuracy meta-analyses will be performed using the Chu and Cole bivariate binomial model. Mean difference meta-analysis will be performed for continuous outcomes using the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model. Analyses will be performed independently for each outcome. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses will evaluate the effects of the types (wearables, nearables, bed sensors, smartphone applications), technologies (e.g., oximeter, microphone, arterial tonometry, accelerometer), the role of manufacturers, and the representativeness of the samples.

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Close and frequent follow-up of heart failure (HF) patients improves clinical outcomes. Mobile telemonitoring applications are advantageous alternatives due to their wide availability, portability, low cost, computing power, and interconnectivity. This study aims to evaluate the impact of telemonitoring apps on mortality, hospitalization, and quality of life (QoL) in HF patients. We conducted a registered (PROSPERO CRD42022299516) systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating mobile-based telemonitoring strategies in patients with HF, published between January 2000 and December 2021 in 4 databases (PubMed, EMBASE, BVSalud/LILACS, Cochrane Reviews). We assessed the risk of bias using the RoB2 tool. The outcome of interest was the effect on mortality, hospitalization risk, and/or QoL. We performed meta-analysis when appropriate; heterogeneity and risk of publication bias were evaluated. Otherwise, descriptive analyses are offered. We screened 900 references and 19 RCTs were included for review. The risk of bias for mortality and hospitalization was mostly low, whereas for QoL was high. We observed a reduced risk of hospitalization due to HF with the use of mobile-based telemonitoring strategies (RR 0.77 [0.67; 0.89]; I2 7%). Non-statistically significant reduction in mortality risk was observed. The impact on QoL was variable between studies, with different scores and reporting measures used, thus limiting data pooling. The use of mobile-based telemonitoring strategies in patients with HF reduces risk of hospitalization due to HF. As smartphones and wirelessly connected devices are increasingly available, further research on this topic is warranted, particularly in the foundational therapy.

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Resumo: Introdução: A utilização de protocolos de ultrassonografia revolucionou o atendimento na medicina de emergência e pode auxiliar no diagnóstico de insuficiência respiratória no pronto atendimento. Assim, torna-se importante o treinamento médico para a utilização desses protocolos. Já foi demonstrado também que os aplicativos de smartphone médico têm resultados positivos na prática diária, além de serem uma ferramenta educacional potencialmente valiosa. Objetivo: Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um aplicativo em ultrassonografia pulmonar de emergência. O BLUE SIM é um aplicativo de celular que simula atendimentos de casos clínicos utilizando o protocolo Bedside Lung Ultrasound in Emergency, o qual pode auxiliar alunos e profissionais da área da saúde a usar a ultrassonografia pulmonar no atendimento da insuficiência respiratória aguda. A hipótese é que o BLUE SIM será um aplicativo usável e aceitável entre os usuários. Método: Após desenvolvido, avaliou-se o aplicativo com 36 voluntários: 18 fisioterapeutas, um médico, sete enfermeiros e dez acadêmicos de Medicina. Analisaram-se a usabilidade e a utilidade de uma aplicação móvel para o sistema iOS, utilizando como referências a escala de usabilidade System Utility Score (SUS) e o modelo de aceitação Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Os dados obtidos foram tabulados e analisados pelo teste exato de Fisher ou Mann-Whitney. Resultado: Pela aplicação do questionário SUS (usabilidade), o aplicativo obteve um escore de 76,8%. Exclusivamente entre os fisioterapeutas, obteve-se um escore de 75%, não havendo diferença estatística entre o grupo geral de todos os profissionais emergencistas e o grupo somente de fisioterapeutas (p = 0,239). Segundo a análise de percepção de utilidade, 93,9% dos profissionais emergencistas responderam positivamente, enquanto, entre os fisioterapeutas, obteve-se um escore de 88,9% (p = 0,04). Conclusão: O aplicativo desenvolvido foi classificado de utilidade na aprendizagem do diagnóstico de insuficiência respiratória entre os profissionais, contudo eles consideraram que é necessário um treinamento para o uso da ferramenta.

Abstract: Introduction: The use of ultrasound protocols has revolutionized care in emergency medicine and can help in the diagnosis of respiratory failure in emergency care; therefore, medical training for the use of these protocols has become important. It has also been demonstrated that medical smartphone apps have positive results in daily practice, in addition to being a potentially valuable educational tool. Objective: Thus, the objective was to develop an emergency pulmonary ultrasound application. The "BLUE SIM" is a cell phone application that simulates clinical cases using the "Bedside Lung Ultrasound in Emergency" protocol, which can help students and health professionals regarding the use of pulmonary ultrasound in the care of acute respiratory failure. The hypothesis is that the "BLUE SIM" will be a usable and acceptable application among users. Method: After the development, the application was evaluated with a group of 36 volunteers, which included 18 physical therapists and 18 other professionals consisting of physicians, nurses and medical students. The usability and usefulness of a mobile application for the iOS system was analyzed, using the System Utility Score (SUS) usability scale and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as references. The obtained data were tabulated and analyzed using Fisher's exact test or Mann-Whitney test. Result: When applying the SUS questionnaire (usability), the application obtained a score of 76.8%. A score of 75% was obtained exclusively among physical therapists, with no statistical difference between the general group of all emergency professionals and the group of physical therapists only (p=0.239). According to the usefulness perception analysis, 93.9% of the emergency professionals had a positive response, while a score of 88.9% was obtained among physical therapists (p=0.04). Conclusion: It was concluded that the developed application was classified as useful in learning the diagnosis of respiratory failure among health professionals; however, they considered that training is necessary for its use.

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Motrol is a simple device that satisfies functional requirements necessary for the automatic execution of battery-driven tests and profiling of connected mobile devices. It is specifically a hardware/software platform that allows Dew Computing researchers and developers to automate performance tests on Android-based smartphones. The hardware is based on a NodeMCU Esp8266 microcontroller that runs a firmware for managing the outputs. This software allows enabling/disabling the relays that connect the sockets that power the chargers of up to 4 mobile devices minimizing the need for human intervention. The firmware runs a web server that serves Rest requests from a Rest client with the commands to drive the digital outputs. These digital outputs activate or deactivate the relays to allow current to pass or not to the sockets. Such capability is essential to automate the study of battery behavior on battery-driven devices such as smartphones. Motrol is easy to assemble, knowledge in electronics or programming languages is not necessary, it is constructed with open hardware, and it is cheap, being its total cost ∼USD 30.

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This study aimed to identify the extent nomophobia explains smartphone addiction, controlling for age and gender effects. Participants were 316 people from the 22 Brazilian states (Mage = 28.1 years), most from Paraíba (38.9%) and Piauí (16.5%), equally distributed between genders. They answered the Nomophobia Questionnaire, the Smartphone Addition Scale and demographic questions. The results demonstrate that the factors of the nomophobia measure explained smartphone addiction, indicating that more nomophobic behavior equates to increased smartphone addiction, especially in the younger participants, there was no difference regarding gender. These findings are discussed according to the literature on adherence to new technologies, revealing the current problem of smartphone addiction in young people. (AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer em que medida a nomofobia explica a dependência de smartphone, controlando os efeitos de idade e sexo. Participaram 316 pessoas de 22 estados brasileiros (Midade = 28,1), a maioria da Paraíba (38,9%) e do Piauí (16,5%), distribuídas equitativamente entre os sexos. Estas responderam o Questionário de Nomofobia, a Escala de Adição ao Smartphone e perguntas demográficas. Os resultados foram de que os fatores da medida de nomofobia explicaram a dependência de smartphone, indicando que quanto mais as pessoas são nomofóbicas, mais elas dependem de smartphone, principalmente aquelas mais jovens, não havendo diferença quanto ao sexo. Esses achados foram discutidos de acordo com a literatura acerca da adesão a novas tecnologias, revelando o problema da dependência de smartphones para os jovens nos dias de hoje. (AU)

El objetivo de este estudio ha sido conocer en qué medida la nomofobia explica la dependencia de smartphones, controlando los efectos de la edad y el sexo. Participaron 316 personas de 22 estados brasileños (Medad = 28.1), en su mayoría de Paraíba (38.9%) y Piauí (16.5%), distribuidos equitativamente entre los sexos. Estos respondieron al Nomophobia Questionnaire, a la Smartphone Addition Scale y a preguntas demográficas. Los resultados demuestran que los factores de la medida de nomofobia explican la adición a los smartphones, indicando que un comportamiento más nomofóbico equivale a una mayor adicción a los smartphones, especialmente en los más jóvenes, no existiendo diferencias en cuanto al género. Estos hallazgos han sido discutidos de acuerdo con la literatura sobre la adhesión a las nuevas tecnologías, revelando el problema actual de la adicción a los smartphones en los jóvenes. (AU)

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ABSTRACT Purpose To verify the accuracy of smartphone apps to identify hearing loss. Research strategies A systematic review followed the PRISMA-DATA checklist. The search strategies were applied across four databases (Lilacs, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) and grey literature (Google Scholar, OpenGrey, and ProQuest Dissertations and Thesis). Selection criteria The acronym PIRD was used in review. This included populations of any gender and all age groups. The Index test is the smartphone-based hearing screening test; the Reference test is the pure-tone audiometry, which is considered the gold reference for hearing diagnostics; the diagnosis was performed via validity data (sensitivity and specificity) to identify hearing loss and diagnostic studies. Data analysis Two reviewers selected the studies in a two-step process. The risk of bias was assessed according to the criteria of the QUADAS-2. Results Of 1395 articles, 104 articles were eligible for full-text reading and 17 were included. Only four met all criteria for methodological quality. All of the included studies were published in English between 2015 and 2020. The applications Digits-in noise Test (5 articles), uHear (4 articles), HearScreen (2 articles), hearTest (2 articles) and Hearing Test (2 articles) were the most studied. All this application showed sensitivity and specificity values between 75 and 100%. The other applications were EarScale, uHearing Test, Free field hearing (FFH) and Free Hearing Test. Conclusion uHear, Digit-in-Noise Test, HearTest and HearScreen have shown significant values of sensitivity and specificity and can be considered as the most accurate methods for screening of hearing impairment.

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a acurácia dos aplicativos de smartphone para identificar a perda auditiva. Estratégias de pesquisa Uma revisão sistemática seguiu o checklist PRISMA-DATA. As estratégias de busca foram aplicadas nos bancos de dados Lilacs, PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science e na literatura cinzenta (Google Scholar, OpenGrey e ProQuest Dissertations and Thesis). Critérios de seleção O anacrônimo PIRD foi usado na revisão. Incluiu populações de qualquer gênero e todas as faixas etárias. O teste Index foi o de triagem auditiva baseado em smartphone; o teste de referência foi a audiometria tonal; o diagnóstico foi realizado por meio de dados de validade (sensibilidade e especificidade) para identificação da perda auditiva e estudos diagnósticos. Análise de dados Dois revisores selecionaram os estudos em um processo de duas etapas. O risco de viés foi avaliado de acordo com os critérios do QUADAS-2. Resultados De 1395 artigos, 104 artigos foram elegíveis para leitura de texto completo e 17 foram incluídos. Apenas quatro preencheram todos os critérios de qualidade metodológica. Todos os estudos incluídos foram publicados em inglês entre 2015 e 2020. Os aplicativos mais estudados foram: Digits-in-noise (5 artigos), uHear (4 artigos), HearScreen (2 artigos), hearTest (2 artigos) e Hearing Test (2 artigos). Todos apresentaram valores de sensibilidade e especificidade entre 75 e 100%. Os outros aplicativos foram EarScale, uHearing, Free Field Hearing e teste Free Hearing. Conclusão uHear, Digit-in-Noise Test, HearTest e HearScreen apresentaram valores significativos de sensibilidade e especificidade e podem ser considerados os métodos mais precisos para rastreamento de deficiência auditiva.

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BACKGROUND: Despite unprecedented advances in worldwide access to the internet via smartphones, barriers to engaging hard-to-reach populations remain in many methods of health research. A potential avenue for conducting qualitative research is via participatory web-based media, including the free, popular social platform WhatsApp. However, despite the clear advantages of engaging with participants over a well-established web-based platform, logistical challenges remain. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to report evidence on the feasibility and acceptability of WhatsApp as a method to conduct focus groups. METHODS: A pilot focus group was conducted with Spanish-speaking women near the US-Mexico border. The content focus was knowledge and perceived risks for exposure to the Zika virus during pregnancy. RESULTS: Evidence was obtained regarding WhatsApp as a low-cost, logistically feasible methodology that resulted in rich qualitative data from a population that is often reticent to engage in traditional research. A total of 5 participants participated in a focus group, of whom all 5 consistently contributed to the focus group chat in WhatsApp, which was conducted over 3 consecutive days. CONCLUSIONS: The findings are noteworthy at a time when face-to-face focus groups, the gold standard, are risky or precluded by safe COVID-19 guidelines. Other implications include more applications and evaluations of WhatsApp for delivering one-on-one or group health education interventions on sensitive topics. This paper outlines the key steps and considerations for the replication or adaptation of methods.

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BACKGROUND: Traditional radiology fellowships are usually 1- or 2-year clinical training programs in a specific area after completion of a 4-year residency program. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the experience of fellowship applicants in answering radiology questions in an audiovisual format using their own smartphones after answering radiology questions in a traditional printed text format as part of the application process during the COVID-19 pandemic. We hypothesized that fellowship applicants would find that recorded audiovisual radiology content adds value to the conventional selection process, may increase engagement by using their own smartphone device, and facilitate the understanding of imaging findings of radiology-based questions, while maintaining social distancing. METHODS: One senior staff radiologist of each subspecialty prepared 4 audiovisual radiology questions for each subspecialty. We conducted a survey using web-based questionnaires for 123 fellowship applications for musculoskeletal (n=39), internal medicine (n=61), and neuroradiology (n=23) programs to evaluate the experience of using audiovisual radiology content as a substitute for the conventional text evaluation. RESULTS: Most of the applicants (n=122, 99%) answered positively (with responses of "agree" or "strongly agree") that images in digital forms are of superior quality to those printed on paper. In total, 101 (82%) applicants agreed with the statement that the presentation of cases in audiovisual format facilitates the understanding of the findings. Furthermore, 81 (65%) candidates agreed or strongly agreed that answering digital forms is more practical than conventional paper forms. CONCLUSIONS: The use of audiovisual content as part of the selection process for radiology fellowships is a new approach to evaluate the potential to enhance the applicant's experience during this process. This technology also allows for the evaluation of candidates without the need for in-person interaction. Further studies could streamline these methods to minimize work redundancy with traditional text assessments or even evaluate the acceptance of using only audiovisual content on smartphones.

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This pilot study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Gamification-based intervention on physical activity levels of High School students. This quasi-experimental study was conducted in two federal high schools in Southern Brazil. One class from each school was selected to be either intervention (INT) or control (CON) group. Experiment duration was two weeks, and both groups downloaded My Active Life app. INT group (n = 69) participants received daily app alerts with messages of en-couragement to practice physical activity. They also received a score based on the percentage of goal achieved. CON group (n = 35) only had access to total number of steps per day. INT group showed a lower decrease in physical activity at school compared to CON group (p = 0.024). No effect of inter-vention was observed in physical activity out of school (p = 0.911). Gamification-based intervention prevented a decrease in physical activity at school among male (F = 10.680; p = 0.004), students at first half of high school (F = 12.668; p = 0.002), and adequate body mass index (F = 4.640; p = 0.037), and with lower perception of barriers to physical activity (F = 5.437; p = 0.024). Although we did not observe an increase in physical activity at school, gamification-based intervention may mitigate its decrease among adolescents

Este estudo piloto teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia de uma intervenção baseada em gamificação nos níveis de atividade física de alunos do ensino médio. Este estudo quase-experimental foi realizado em duas escolas federais de ensino médio no sul do Brasil. Uma turma de cada escola foi selecionada para ser um grupo de intervenção (INT) ou controle (CON). A duração do experimento foi de duas semanas, e ambos os grupos baixaram o aplicativo My Active Life. Os participantes do grupo INT (n = 69) receberam alertas diários no app com mensagens de incentivo à prática de atividade física. Eles também receberam uma pontuação com base no percentual de meta alcançada. O grupo CON (n = 35) só teve acesso ao número total de passos por dia. O grupo INT apresentou menor diminuição da atividade física na escola em comparação ao grupo CON (p = 0,024). Nenhum efeito da intervenção foi observado na atividade física fora da escola (p = 0,911). A intervenção baseada na gamificação evitou uma diminuição da atividade física na escola entre meninos (F = 10,680; p = 0,004), alunos na primeira metade do ensino médio (F = 12,668; p = 0,002) e índice de massa corporal adequado (F = 4,640; p = 0,037), e com menor percepção de barreiras à atividade física (F = 5,437; p = 0,024). Embora não tenhamos observado aumento da atividade física na escola, a intervenção baseada na gamificação pode atenuar sua diminuição entre os adolescentes

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We identify subtypes of Venezuelan youth based on patterns of technology-based communication with friends in their receiving (US) and sending (Venezuela) countries and, in turn, examine the behavioral health characteristics among different "subtypes" of youth. Using data from 402 recently-arrived Venezuelan immigrant youth (ages 10-17), latent profile analysis and multinomial regression are employed to examine the relationships between technology-based communication and key outcomes. We identified a four-class solution: [#1] "Daily Contact in US, In Touch with Venezuela" (32%), [#2] "Daily Communication in Both Countries" (19%), [#3] "Weekly Contact: More Voice/Text Than Social Media" (35%), and [#4] "Infrequent Communication with US and Venezuela" (14%). Compared to Class #1, youth in Classes #2 and #3 report elevated depressive symptomatology and more permissive substance use views. Findings suggest that how youth navigate and maintain transnational connections varies substantially, and that technology-based communication is related to key post-migration outcomes.

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The aim of the article is to highlight the key elements related to the implementation of new technologies in education from the perspective of the opinions and experiences of educators in the field in Bolivia, Brazil, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Finland, Poland, Turkey, and Uruguay. The text compares issues related to attitudes towards the use of new media in education, experiences with different forms of e-learning, and the level of restrictions on the use of smartphones in school. These variables are juxtaposed with the self-assessment of digital competence and how cyberspace is used. The survey was conducted using a standardised survey questionnaire translated into the relevant national languages in the first half of 2019, and involved a sample of 873 teachers representing eight countries. On the basis of the pilot studies it was noted that: 1) Teachers from LAC and EU like to use digital media - this is a constant trend independent of geographical location; 2) Teachers note that new technologies are not always better than analogue didactic aids; 3) Teachers from selected countries (the Dominican Republic, Brazil, Turkey, and Uruguay) have much greater techno-optimism in themselves than teachers from Bolivia, Poland, Finland and Turkey in terms of the impact of ICT on student motivation and engagement; 4) In all countries teachers prefer free online courses (the different forms of e-learning are used most often by those in the Dominican Republic, and the least often in Bolivia and Poland); 5) In each country teachers who highly value their own digital competences and have a positive attitude towards new media use ICT much more actively; 6) There is also a global trend in that the extensive use of cyberspace (typical e-services) appears in combination with the extensive use of various forms of e-learning; 7) Teachers from Ecuador are most likely to want to ban the use of smartphones in schools. The most liberal approach in this respect is taken by the Uruguayans; 8) The knowledge of the conditions related to restricting the use of smartphones goes beyond the analyses related to the style of use and attitude towards new media. This article is the result of pilot studies conducted within the framework of the SMART ECOSYSTEM FOR LEARNING AND INCLUSION project carried out in selected Latin American, Caribbean (LAC) and European (EU) countries.

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Objective: Technological development has promoted several advances in society, including the creation of smartphones, which have been increasingly used in medicine, especially in ophthalmology. This study aimed to review the use of smartphones in ophthalmology. Methods: In January of 2020, the MEDLINE and LILACS databases were selected to provide articles containing the terms "Ophthalmology" and "Smartphone", filtering the results between the years of 2015 and 2019. The evaluated outcomes were finally included into the following categories in the discussion: "Visual acuity", "Amblyopia and strabismus", "Anterior segment", "Posterior segment", "Glaucoma", "Community patient education and assistance" and "Neurophthalmology". Results: Smartphones can be useful in several different areas of ophthalmology and can provide the patients better understating and adhesion to their treatment. Conclusion: Applications can be used as tools to facilitate the work of several professionals and improve the understanding of patients about their clinical conditions.

Objetivo: O desenvolvimento tecnológico tem promovido diversos avanços na sociedade, incluindo a criação de smartphones, que têm sido cada vez mais utilizados na medicina, principalmente na oftalmologia. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar o uso de smartphones na oftalmologia. Métodos: Durante o mês de janeiro de 2020, as bases de dados MEDLINE e LILACS foram selecionadas para buscar artigos contendo os termos "Oftalmologia" e "Smartphone", filtrando os resultados entre os anos de 2015 e 2019. Os dados avaliados foram, finalmente, incluídos nas seguintes categorias na discussão: "Acuidade visual", "Ambliopia e estrabismo", "Segmento anterior", "Segmento posterior", "Glaucoma", "Assistência e educação ao paciente da comunidade" e "Neuroftalmologia". Resultados: Os smartphones podem ser úteis em diversas áreas da oftalmologia e fornecem melhor compreensão e adesão dos pacientes ao tratamento. Conclusão: O uso de aplicativos pode ser utilizado como ferramenta para facilitar o trabalho de diversos profissionais e melhorar o entendimento dos pacientes sobre suas condições clínicas.

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Visceral leishmaniasis is the most severe form of a human and animal disease complex entitled leishmaniasis, which is endemic to 70 countries. It is imperative to develop and offer technologies capable of increasing the resolution ability of control programs of this zoonosis. In the search for technological innovations in health, especially in environmental surveillance, the objective is to develop a mobile application (App) for smartphones in order to facilitate and systematize the notification of positive cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) by veterinarians working in clinics for assisting the municipal health surveillance in the management of this zoonosis. Thus, we developed an App, C7 LVC - Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis Notification System, with formatting based on the CR Campeiro 7® software. The technology created enables the filling of important gaps in information systems, facilitating the transmission of data and the use of this data by public management bodies to take CVL prevention and control actions.(AU)

A leishmaniose visceral é a forma mais grave de um complexo de doenças humanas e animais, denominado leishmaniose, endêmica em 70 países. É imprescindível desenvolver e oferecer tecnologias capazes de aumentar a capacidade de resolução dos programas de controle desta zoonose. Na busca por inovações tecnológicas em saúde, principalmente na vigilância ambiental, o objetivo é desenvolver um aplicativo móvel (App) para smartphones a fim de facilitar e sistematizar a notificação de casos positivos de leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) por médicos veterinários que atuam em clínicas auxiliando a vigilância sanitária municipal, na gestão desta zoonose. Para tanto, foi desenvolvido um App, C7 LVC - Sistema de Notificação da Leishmaniose Visceral Canina, com formatação baseada no software CR Campeiro 7®. A tecnologia criada possibilita o preenchimento de lacunas importantes nos sistemas de informação, facilitando a transmissão de dados e a utilização desses dados pelos órgãos da gestão pública para a tomada de ações de prevenção e controle da LVC.(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Visceral leishmaniasis is the most severe form of a human and animal disease complex entitled leishmaniasis, which is endemic to 70 countries. It is imperative to develop and offer technologies capable of increasing the resolution ability of control programs of this zoonosis. In the search for technological innovations in health, especially in environmental surveillance, the objective is to develop a mobile application (App) for smartphones in order to facilitate and systematize the notification of positive cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) by veterinarians working in clinics for assisting the municipal health surveillance in the management of this zoonosis. Thus, we developed an App, C7 LVC - Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis Notification System, with formatting based on the CR Campeiro 7® software. The technology created enables the filling of important gaps in information systems, facilitating the transmission of data and the use of this data by public management bodies to take CVL prevention and control actions.(AU)

A leishmaniose visceral é a forma mais grave de um complexo de doenças humanas e animais, denominado leishmaniose, endêmica em 70 países. É imprescindível desenvolver e oferecer tecnologias capazes de aumentar a capacidade de resolução dos programas de controle desta zoonose. Na busca por inovações tecnológicas em saúde, principalmente na vigilância ambiental, o objetivo é desenvolver um aplicativo móvel (App) para smartphones a fim de facilitar e sistematizar a notificação de casos positivos de leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) por médicos veterinários que atuam em clínicas auxiliando a vigilância sanitária municipal, na gestão desta zoonose. Para tanto, foi desenvolvido um App, C7 LVC - Sistema de Notificação da Leishmaniose Visceral Canina, com formatação baseada no software CR Campeiro 7®. A tecnologia criada possibilita o preenchimento de lacunas importantes nos sistemas de informação, facilitando a transmissão de dados e a utilização desses dados pelos órgãos da gestão pública para a tomada de ações de prevenção e controle da LVC.(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT: Visceral leishmaniasis is the most severe form of a human and animal disease complex entitled leishmaniasis, which is endemic to 70 countries. It is imperative to develop and offer technologies capable of increasing the resolution ability of control programs of this zoonosis. In the search for technological innovations in health, especially in environmental surveillance, the objective is to develop a mobile application (App) for smartphones in order to facilitate and systematize the notification of positive cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) by veterinarians working in clinics for assisting the municipal health surveillance in the management of this zoonosis. Thus, we developed an App, C7 LVC - Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis Notification System, with formatting based on the CR Campeiro 7® software. The technology created enables the filling of important gaps in information systems, facilitating the transmission of data and the use of this data by public management bodies to take CVL prevention and control actions.

RESUMO: A leishmaniose visceral é a forma mais grave de um complexo de doenças humanas e animais, denominado leishmaniose, endêmica em 70 países. É imprescindível desenvolver e oferecer tecnologias capazes de aumentar a capacidade de resolução dos programas de controle desta zoonose. Na busca por inovações tecnológicas em saúde, principalmente na vigilância ambiental, o objetivo é desenvolver um aplicativo móvel (App) para smartphones a fim de facilitar e sistematizar a notificação de casos positivos de leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) por médicos veterinários que atuam em clínicas auxiliando a vigilância sanitária municipal, na gestão desta zoonose. Para tanto, foi desenvolvido um App, C7 LVC - Sistema de Notificação da Leishmaniose Visceral Canina, com formatação baseada no software CR Campeiro 7®. A tecnologia criada possibilita o preenchimento de lacunas importantes nos sistemas de informação, facilitando a transmissão de dados e a utilização desses dados pelos órgãos da gestão pública para a tomada de ações de prevenção e controle da LVC.