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Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o dimorfismo sexual em uma coleção de mandíbulas portuguesas através de uma metodologia métrica digital, utilizando análise estatística descritiva, inferencial e multivariada para identificar quais parâmetros são mais dimórficos e quais são os melhores preditores de sexo. Trinta e três mandíbulas (14 mulheres e 19 homens) e pertences pessoais foram fotograficamente registrados com código e sexo. Os dados foram coletados por tomografia e as medidas foram feitas pelo software Simplant Pro. Foram registrados a largura máxima e mínima do ramo mandibular, altura condilar, altura do processo coronoide, altura da sínfise mandibular, ângulo mandibular, distâncias bimentual, biantegonial, bigonial e bicondilar e comprimento máximo mandibular. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando IBM® SPSS. Os resultados mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas para os seguintes parâmetros: altura do processo coronoide, altura do côndilo, comprimento máximo da mandíbula e largura mínima do ramo mandibular. Na análise estatística multivariada foi possível identificar a altura do processo coronoide como melhor preditor de sexo com precisão em 72,2% dos casos. Isto permite uma diferenciação mais fácil entre mandíbulas femininas e masculinas com uma precisão de 64,3% e 78,9%, respectivamente. Foi possível concluir que a altura do processo coronoide é o parâmetro mais dimórfico e o melhor preditor de sexo na amostra.
This study aimed to assess sex dimorphism in a collection of Portuguese mandibles through a digital metric methodology by using descriptive, inferential, and multivariate statistical analysis to identify which parameters are the most dimorphic and which are the best sex predictors. Thirty-three mandibles (14 females and 19 males) and personal belongings were photographically registered with code and sex. Data was collected using tomography, and measurements were made using the Simplant Pro software. The maximum and minimum width of the mandibular ramus, condylar height, coronoid process height, mandibular symphysis height, mandibular angle, bi-mental, bi-antegonial, bi-gonial and bi-condylar distances, and maximal mandibular length were registered. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM® SPSS. The results showed statistically significant differences for the following parameters: coronoid process height, condyle height, the maximum length of the mandible, and the minimum width of the mandibular ramus. In the multivariate statistical analysis, it was possible to identify the coronoid process height as the best sex predictor accurately in 72.2% of cases. This allows for easier differentiation between female and male mandibles with an accuracy of 64.3% and 78.9%, respectively. It was possible to conclude that the coronoid process height is the most dimorphic parameter and the best sex predictor in the sample.
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Introdução: A população LGBT constitui um grupo cujo acesso à saúde é historicamente limitado e ainda hoje é atravessado por questões complexas que envolvem desde a formação dos profissionais de saúde à própria estrutura organizacional do sistema assistencial. Apesar disso, a literatura científica acerca dos entraves que estes indivíduos enfrentam na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), porta de entrada e coordenadora do cuidado, é particularmente escassa. Objetivo: Caracterizar as barreiras envolvidas no acesso da população LGBTQIA+ à APS. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de estudos científicos selecionados nas plataformas de busca PubMed e Portal Regional da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), sendo utilizados como descritores de busca os termos Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero, LGBTQIA+, APS e Acesso aos Serviços de Saúde. Foram incluídos artigos completos sem restrição de período nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol. Foram excluídos textos do tipo: revisão bibliográfica; editorial; protocolos de estudo; opinião de especialistas e relato de experiência. Resultados: Foram selecionados 14 artigos, sendo seus conteúdos atribuídos a três eixos de discussão: barreiras físicas/organizacionais, barreiras sociais e barreiras relacionadas à educação/formação dos profissionais da saúde. Conclusões: É essencial expandir as discussões sociais acerca da temática de diversidade sexual e de gênero de modo a desconstruir os preconceitos instituídos; ademais, faz-se fundamental a revisão da estrutura física e organizacional bem como da formação dos profissionais da saúde para criar um ambiente assistencial inclusivo na atenção básica à população LGBTQIA+.
Introduction: The LGBT population is a group whose access to health care has historically been limited and is still crossed by complex issues ranging from the training of health professionals to the very organisational structure of the care system. Despite this, the scientific literature on the obstacles faced by these individuals in Primary Health Care, the gateway and coordinator of care, is particularly scarce. Objective: To characterize the barriers involved in the access of the LGBTQIA+ population to primary care. Methods: This is an integrative review of scientific studies selected from the PubMed and Virtual Health Library (VHL) Regional Portal search platforms, using as search descriptors the terms Sexual and Gender Minorities, LGBTQIA+, Primary Health Care, Health Services Accessibility. Complete articles were included without time restriction, in English, Portuguese and Spanish. Texts such as: literature reviews; editorials; study protocols; expert opinions and experience reports were excluded. Results: The review was composed by the selection of 14 studies, and their contents were assigned to three axes of discussion: physical/organizational barriers, social barriers, barriers related to education/training of health professionals. Conclusions: It is essential to expand the social discussions about the theme of sexual and gender diversity to deconstruct the established prejudices, moreover, it is essential to review the physical and organizational structure as well as the training of health professionals to create an inclusive care environment.
Introducción: La población LGTB es un colectivo cuyo acceso a la atención sanitaria ha estado históricamente limitado y sigue atravesado por complejas cuestiones que van desde la formación de los profesionales sanitarios hasta la propia estructura organizativa del sistema asistencial. A pesar de ello, la literatura científica sobre los obstáculos a los que se enfrentan estas personas en la Atención Primaria de Salud, puerta de entrada y coordinadora de la atención, es especialmente escasa. Objetivo: Caracterizar las barreras que supone el acceso de la población LGBT a la atención primaria. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integradora de estudios científicos seleccionados de las plataformas de búsqueda PubMed y Portal Regional de la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud (BVS), utilizando como descriptores de búsqueda los términos Minorías Sexuales y de Género, LGBT, Atención Primaria de Salud, Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud. Se incluyeron artículos completos sin restriccíon de período, en inglés, portugués y español. Se excluyeron textos como revisiones bibliográficas, editoriales, protocolos de estudio, opiniones de expertos e informes de experiencias. Resultados: El corpus final de artículos se compuso de la selección de 14 artículos, y sus contenidos se asignaron a tres ejes de discusión: barreras físicas/organizativas, barreras sociales, barreras relacionadas con la educación/formación de los profesionales sanitarios. Conclusiones: Es esencial ampliar las discusiones sociales sobre el tema de la diversidad sexual y de género de manera que se deconstruyan los prejuicios institucionales, además, se hace fundamental la revisión de la estructura física y organizacional así como la formación de los profesionales de la salud para crear un ambiente asistencial inclusivo.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Atención Primaria de Salud , Minorías Sexuales y de Género , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de SaludRESUMEN
Introdução: A disfunção sexual é mais frequente entre as mulheres, com prevalências entre 25 e 63% naquelas acima de 18 anos. Por meio do questionário Female Sexual Function Index, este estudo busca estimar a frequência de disfunções sexuais em mulheres adultas de duas Equipes de Saúde da Família em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a prevalência de disfunção sexual feminina (DSF) nessas populações e investigar a relação entre variáveis sociodemográficas e os domínios representados no escore FSFI. Métodos: Utilizamos o questionário FSFI para avaliar a frequência de disfunções sexuais e realizamos uma análise das variáveis sociodemográficas entre as unidades de saúde. Foram incluídas mulheres adultas atendidas em duas Equipes de Saúde da Família em Florianópolis. Resultados: A prevalência geral de DSF encontrada foi de 67,8%, com uma distribuição homogênea entre as diferentes unidades de saúde e variáveis sociodemográficas. Observamos associações entre anos de estudo e maiores índices de DSF, especialmente nos domínios de desejo, excitação e lubrificação, e entre maior idade e melhor desempenho nos domínios de desejo e excitação. Conclusões: A alta prevalência de distúrbios sexuais femininos em Florianópolis, distribuída de maneira homogênea entre as variáveis sociodemográficas estudadas, destaca a importância da capacitação dos profissionais de saúde na abordagem dessas questões na Atenção Primária
Introduction: Sexual dysfunction is more common among women, with prevalence ranging from 25 to 63% in those over 18 years of age. Through the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire, in this study we aim to estimate the frequency of sexual dysfunctions in adult women from two Family Health Teams in Florianópolis, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in these populations and investigate the relationship between sociodemographic variables and the domains represented in the FSFI score. Methods: The FSFI questionnaire was used to assess the frequency of sexual dysfunctions, and an analysis of sociodemographic variables among the health units was performed. Adult women seen at two Family Health Teams in Florianópolis were included. Results: The overall prevalence of FSD was 67.8%, with a homogeneous distribution among different health units and sociodemographic variables. We observed associations between years of formal education and higher rates of FSD, especially in the domains of desire, arousal, and lubrication, and between older age and better performance in the domains of desire and arousal. Conclusions: The high prevalence of female sexual disorders in Florianópolis, homogeneously distributed among the sociodemographic variables studied, underscores the importance of training healthcare professionals in addressing these issues in Primary Health Care.
Introducción: La disfunción sexual es más común entre las mujeres, con prevalencias que oscilan entre el 25 y el 63% en aquellas mayores de 18 años. A través del cuestionario del Índice de Función Sexual Femenina (FSFI, por sus siglas en inglés), este estudio tiene como objetivo estimar la frecuencia de disfunciones sexuales en mujeres adultas de dos Equipos de Salud Familiar en Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la prevalencia de la disfunción sexual femenina (DSF) en estas poblaciones e investigar la relación entre variables sociodemográficas y los dominios representados en la puntuación FSFI. Métodos: Utilizamos el cuestionario FSFI para evaluar la frecuencia de disfunciones sexuales y realizamos un análisis de variables sociodemográficas entre las unidades de salud. Se incluyeron mujeres adultas atendidas en dos Equipos de Salud Familiar en Florianópolis. Resultados: La prevalencia general de DSF fue del 67.8%, con una distribución homogénea entre diferentes unidades de salud y variables sociodemográficas. Observamos asociaciones entre años de estudio y mayores índices de DSF, especialmente en los dominios de deseo, excitación y lubricación, y entre mayor edad y mejor desempeño en los dominios de deseo y excitación. Conclusiones: La alta prevalencia de trastornos sexuales femeninos en Florianópolis, distribuida homogéneamente entre las variables sociodemográficas estudiadas, subraya la importancia de capacitar a los profesionales de la salud en abordar estas cuestiones en la Atención Primaria.
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Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Adulto Joven , Atención Primaria de Salud , Disfunciones Sexuales Fisiológicas , Disfunciones Sexuales PsicológicasRESUMEN
Resumen La investigación tuvo como objetivo comprender las experiencias alrededor de la sexualidad desde la teoría de los holones en un grupo de mujeres diagnosticadas con cáncer ginecológico en la ciudad de Pereira, Colombia. Se implementó un diseño cualitativo y fenomenológico, con la participación de seis mujeres entre 30 y 60 años, a quienes se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas explorando los holones de reproductividad, género, erotismo y vinculación afectiva interpersonal. Las entrevistas fueron transcritas y analizadas de forma manual, mediante codificación abierta y axial para identificar categorías emergentes. En los discursos de las mujeres se evidenciaron elementos relacionados a los holones de la sexualidad. En el holón de reproductividad, se encontró una resignificación del rol reproductivo como madres; en el holón de género, se presentaron actitudes positivas hacia el cuerpo y amenazas a la identidad de género por causa de los cambios provocados por la enfermedad; en el holón de erotismo, las mujeres relataron experiencias sexuales marcadas por el dolor y el apoyo erótico de la pareja; y en el holón de vinculación afectiva interpersonal, se evidenciaron situaciones de estabilidad conyugal, separación temporal con la pareja y sostenimiento de vínculos abusivos durante el proceso de tratamiento oncológico. Estos hallazgos muestran una amplia reconfiguración integral de la sexualidad femenina en cada uno de los holones y realizan un aporte significativo a la comprensión de las subjetividades de las mujeres en el proceso de afrontar el cáncer ginecológico. Se recomienda realizar nuevas investigaciones con mayor cantidad de participantes y en otras regiones de Colombia.
Abstract The research aimed to understand the experiences around sexuality, from the holon theory, in a group of women diagnosed with gynecological cancer from Pereira, Colombia. A qualitative and phenomenological design was carried out, with the participation of six women between 30 and 60 years of age, to whom semi-structured interviews were applied, exploring the holons of reproductivity, gender, eroticism and interpersonal affective bonding. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed manually, using open and axial coding to identify emerging categories. In the women's discourses, elements related to the holons of sexuality were evident. In the holon of reproductivity, a resignification of the reproductive role as mothers was found; in the holon of gender, positive attitudes towards their bodies and threats to gender identity due to the changes caused by the disease were presented; in the holon of eroticism, women reported sexual experiences characterized by pain and erotic support from their partners; and in the holon of affective interpersonal bonding, they reported situations of marital stability, temporary separation from their partners and abusive ties during the process of cancer treatment. These findings show a comprehensive reconfiguration of female sexuality in each of the holons and make a significant contribution to the understanding of women's subjectivities in the process of coping with gynecological cancer. Further research with a larger number of participants and in other regions of Colombia is recommended.
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Resumen Introducción: Existe un creciente interés en la relación entre la orientación sexual de una persona y su bienestar subjetivo, por el vínculo de dicha orientación con diversas esferas de la vida, como apoyo social, salud y satisfacción vital. Sin embargo, la investigación sobre la relación entre estas variables en función de la orientación sexual es escasa en población universitaria. Este estudio examina la asociación entre el apoyo de familia, amistades y otras personas con la satisfacción vital, de forma directa y mediada por la salud autopercibida; se comparan estas relaciones en estudiantes universitarios heterosexuales y lesbianas, gays, bisexuales y de otras orientaciones no heterosexuales (LGB+) en Chile. Método: La muestra (n = 525) respondió un cuestionario en línea con preguntas sociodemográficas, sobre apoyo social percibido, salud autopercibida y satisfacción vital. Los datos se analizaron utilizando un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales y análisis multigrupo. Resultados: El apoyo familiar se asoció positivamente con la satisfacción vital, directamente y mediado por la salud autopercibida, tanto en estudiantes heterosexuales como LGB+; el apoyo de amigos y de otras personas mostró asociaciones diferenciadas por orientación sexual. Sin embargo, este modelo fue estadísticamente similar para ambos grupos. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos destacan la relevancia de distintos tipos de apoyo social en la satisfacción vital de estudiantes universitarios según su orientación sexual.
Abstract Introduction: The literature shows an increasing interest in the relationship between individuals' sexual orientation and their subjective well-being, linking the former to various spheres of life, such as social support, health, and life satisfaction. However, research on the impact of sexual orientation in the relationship between subjective well-being variables is scarce in the university population. This study examined the associations between support from family, friends and other people with life satisfaction, directly and mediated by self-perceived health, comparing these relationships in heterosexual and lesbian, gay, bisexual and other non-heterosexual (LGB+) university students in Chile. Method: The sample (n = 525) answered an online questionnaire with sociodemographic questions about perceived social support, self-perceived health, and life satisfaction. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and multigroup analysis. Results: Family support was positively associated with life satisfaction, directly and mediated by self-perceived health, in both heterosexual and LGB+ students; support from friends and others showed differential associations by sexual orientation. However, the proposed model was statistically similar for both groups. Conclusion: These findings highlight the relevance of different types of support on the life satisfaction of university students according to their sexual orientation.
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O desempenho sexual humano é influenciado por uma variedade de fatores biopsicossociais e a prática regular de exercícios pode trazer efeitos benéficos sobre a saúde física e emocional e prevenir disfunções sexuais. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a influência do exercício físico no desempenho sexual humano. Para a população feminina, exercitar-se tem efeitos positivos sobre a função sexual pela melhora na excitação sexual em decorrência do aumento na atividade do sistema nervoso simpático e fatores endócrinos. Praticantes de exercícios regulares apresentam melhor função sexual e vascularização clitoriana e menor sofrimento sexual, em comparação com mulheres sedentárias, sendo os benefícios mediados por determinantes biológicos e psicológicos. Para a população masculina, níveis mais altos de atividade física estão associados à melhora da função erétil e ao controle da ejaculação, pelo aumento da consciência interoceptiva e melhor equilíbrio simpático-vagal durante essa atividade, mediados por vias psicológicas e fisiológicas. As evidências sugerem que níveis moderados a altos (mas não excessivos) de atividade física beneficia a saúde sexual, caracterizando uma estratégia não farmacológica para a promoção do bem-estar sexual. A relação entre exercício físico e desempenho sexual reforça a importância de incorporar atividades físicas regulares como parte de um estilo de vida saudável, visando não apenas a saúde geral, mas também o bem-estar sexual. Com a crescente prevalência de disfunções sexuais, o exercício físico emerge como intervenção preventiva e terapêutica promissora, enfatizando a necessidade de mais estudos para explorar plenamente o potencial dessa intervenção.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Ejercicio Físico , Salud Sexual , Disfunciones Sexuales Fisiológicas , Enfermedad Crónica , SexualidadRESUMEN
Contexto e objetivo: No envelhecimento ocorre um declínio na aptidão física e capacidade funcional do indivíduo e a prática da atividade física pode reduzir os riscos causados por este deletério. A atividade sexual é adotada como parte importante do ciclo de vida desse indivíduo, portanto, o objetivo do estudo foi comparar a aptidão física e a capacidade funcional de acordo com a atividade sexual de pessoas > 50 anos. Desenho e local: estudo transversal do Projeto Longitudinal de Envelhecimento e Aptidão Física de São Caetano do Sul. Método: Amostra de 531 mulheres e 62 homens. A aptidão física e a capacidade funcional foram medidas por: força de membros superiores, força de membros inferiores, flexibilidade, endurance cardiovascular, mobilidade, equilíbrio, mobilidade geral e agilidade. A atividade sexual foi medida por uma anamnese. Análise estatística: dados apresentados em média e desvio padrão, comparação feita por teste de Ancova, ajustada por idade, adotado P < 0,05. Resultados: Comparado o grupo sexualmente ativo com o grupo sexualmente inativo, é possível verificar que houve diferenças significativas na aptidão física e na capacidade funcional e força muscular dos membros superiores, equilíbrio e mobilidade geral nas mulheres, e força de membros inferiores e mobilidade geral para homens. Conclusão: Foi observada uma melhor aptidão física e capacidade funcional tanto em mulheres como nos homens no grupo sexualmente ativo.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Conducta Sexual , Anciano , Ejercicio Físico , Aptitud Física , Estado FuncionalRESUMEN
Objetivo: compreender o cuidado em saúde dispensado às pessoas LGBTQIAP+ por profissionais em Unidades Básicas de Saúde, a partir do referencial teórico da Política Nacional de Saúde LGBT (PNSILGBT) estabelecida pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Método: estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, que entrevistou 12 profissionais de saúde da Atenção Básica. Os dados coletados passaram pela Análise Lexical utilizando-se do software IRAMUTEQ. Resultados: emergiram três categorias temáticas que possibilitaram compreender que os profissionais reconhecem as violências praticadas na assistência a essa população, as barreiras no acesso e as dificuldades enfrentadas por pessoas LGBTQIAP+. Considerações finais: o desconhecimento das políticas e a não percepção das consequências dessas ações para a saúde dessa população remete muito mais ao (des)cuidado do que efetivamente ao cuidado condizente as suas reais necessidades em saúde.
Objective: to understand the health care provided to LGBTQIAP+ people by professionals in Primary Care Centers, based on the theoretical framework of the National LGBT Health Policy (PNSILGBT) established by the Unified Health System (SUS). Method: a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, which interviewed 12 primary care health professionals. The data collected was subjected to Lexical Analysis using the IRAMUTEQ software. Results: Three thematic categories emerged which made it possible to understand that professionals recognize the violence practiced in assisting this population, the barriers to access and the difficulties faced by LGBTQIAP+ people. Final considerations: the lack of knowledge of the policies and the lack of perception of the consequences of these actions for the health of this population leads much more to (lack of)care than to care in line with their real health needs.
Objetivo: comprender el cuidado en salud brindado a las personas LGBTQIAP+ por profesionales en Unidades Básicas de Salud, partiendo del marco teórico de la Política Nacional de Salud LGBT (PNSILGBT) establecida por el Sistema Único de Salud (SUS). Método: estudio descriptivo, con enfoque cualitativo, que entrevistó a 12 profesionales de salud de la Atención Básica. Los datos recogidos fueron analizados mediante Análisis Léxico utilizando el software IRAMUTEQ. Resultados: surgieron tres categorías temáticas que permitieron comprender que los profesionales reconocen las violencias ejercidas en la asistencia a esta población, las barreras en el acceso y las dificultades enfrentadas por personas LGBTQIAP+. Consideraciones finales: el desconocimiento de las políticas y la no percepción de las consecuencias de estas acciones para la salud de esta población reflejan mucho más el (des)cuido que efectivamente el cuidado acorde a sus reales necesidades en salud.
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Objetivo: avaliar o tônus do corpo perineal em mulheres jovens nulíparas e correlacionar com as funções sexuais e a presença de disfunção sexual. Método: foi realizado um estudo descritivo, observacional, transversal utilizando uma amostra de conveniência incluindo mulheres adultas jovens nulíparas. A avaliação das participantes consistiu na aplicação dos questionários socioclínico, Pelvic Organ Prolaps / Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12), Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) e exame físico do tônus do corpo perineal. Os dados foram analisados pelo programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS®), versão 23, adotando um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: participaram 77 mulheres jovens nulíparas (21,68 ± 2,94 anos), destas 77, 92% apresentavam vida sexual ativa e 66,03% tônus normal do corpo perineal. Dentre as alterações tônicas, o aumento do tônus predominou (33,76%). Houve alta prevalência de disfunção sexual (87,01%) pelo FSFI (23,38 ± 7,21) com maior queixa de dispareunia. Mulheres com tônus aumentado apresentaram maior disfunção sexual em relação a desejo e estímulo subjetivo (p=0,04), à excitação (p=0,01), satisfação (p=0,04) e dor ou a desconforto (p=0,03). Houve correlação inversa entre a presença de aumento do tônus e os domínios FSFI desejo e estímulo subjetivo (R= - 0,56) e excitação (R= - 0,34) e correlação direta para dor ou desconforto (R= 0,30). Conclusão: o aumento do tônus do corpo perineal piora a função sexual de mulheres jovens nulíparas.
Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and physical examination of the tone of the perineal body. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS®), version 23, adopting a significance level of 5%. Results: 77 young nulliparous women (21.68 ± 2.94 years) participated, of which 77, 92% had an active sexual life and 66.03% had normal tone of the perineal body. Among the tonic changes, increased tone predominated (33.76%). There was a high prevalence of sexual dysfunction (87.01%) according to the FSFI (23.38 ± 7.21) with greater complaints of dyspareunia. Women with increased tone had greater sexual dysfunction in relation to desire and subjective stimulation (p=0.04), excitement (p=0.01), satisfaction (p=0.04) and pain or discomfort (p=0.03). There was an inverse correlation between the presence of increased tone and the FSFI domains desire and subjective stimulus (R= - 0.56) and excitement (R= - 0.34) and a direct correlation for pain or discomfort (R= 0.30). Conclusion: increased perineal body tone worsens sexual function in young nulliparous women.
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Humanos , Femenino , AdultoRESUMEN
Abstract Objective Child sexual violence is a multidimensional problem of many contemporary societies, affecting people of all sexes, social stratum and age groups. Offenses involving children and adolescents are more serious, given their total or partial dependence on parents and caregivers. Information on child sexual violence in Brazil is found in raw form and without detail. The objective was to compare the information with social and economic data in the state of Paraná. Methods The authors conducted a retrospective study of secondary data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) on cases of sexual violence involving victims aged 0 to 19 years. Results are presented according to notification characteristics. The authors applied exploratory spatial data analysis to assess spatial autocorrelations and investigated relationships by the ordinary least squares regression model. Results Between 2017 and 2021, there were 13,403 reports of child sexual violence in Paraná State, Brazil. Most victims (82.8%) were female and aged between 10 and 14 years. The majority of sexual violence cases (67.8%) occurred in the home environment. The highest rates on a population basis were observed in the North Central and Greater Curitiba regions, mainly in cities with higher population density and with higher rates of other types of violence. Conclusion The results provide data that can promote a broader understanding of the distribution of sexual violence and the state and associated variations. It is expected to improve the provision of care for victims of child sexual violence and assist in strategic planning to prevent future offenses.
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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the relationship between body image and the level of sexual satisfaction in women who have undergone a hysterectomy. METHODS: This descriptive study utilized a relational screening model. Conducted between June 2023 and March 2024, the study included a total of 300 sexually active women who had undergone a hysterectomy 6 months prior. Data were collected using a personal information form, the Golombok-Rust Sexual Satisfaction Scale, and the Body Image Scale through face-to-face interviews lasting approximately 20-30 min. RESULTS: The average age of the participating women was 44.4±10.55 years. Of the participants, 96.7% were married and 42.4% had entered menopause. The average score on the Body Image Scale was 81.2±3.8, and the average score on the Golombok-Rust Sexual Satisfaction Scale was 33.0±15.1. A positive significant relationship was found between body image and sexual satisfaction (p<0.05). There was also a statistically significant positive relationship between the total scores on the Body Image Scale and the Golombok-Rust Sexual Satisfaction Scale with age and frequency of sexual intercourse (p=0.049, p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.047, and p=0.014). It was determined that as the age and frequency of sexual intercourse increased, the levels of body image and sexual satisfaction also increased. CONCLUSION: Our study found that women's self-image is negatively affected, and their level of sexual satisfaction decreases following a hysterectomy.
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BACKGROUND: Receptive vaginal penetration skills have been implicated in the etiology, explanatory models, and treatment of genito-pelvic pain penetration disorder (GPPPD). However, there are no psychometric skills measures designed to screen, assess, and stratify GPPPD. AIM: We aimed to develop and psychometrically evaluate a new scale-the Vaginal Penetration Skills Scale (VPSS)-to screen, assess, and stratify GPPPD. METHODS: This study included 148 Brazilian females with GPPPD symptoms (113 lifelong and 35 acquired) and 251 Brazilian females without sexual complaints. We conducted factor analyses considering all participants (n = 399). Then, we conducted latent class analysis within the GPPPD group to identify clusters of individuals with similar VPSS profiles. We assessed convergent validity through intercorrelation with the Brazilian versions of the Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS) and the 6-item Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI-6). OUTCOMES: We developed complete and short-form versions of the VPSS (VPSS-29 and VPSS-SF11, respectively), each with 3 dimensions, to screen, assess, and stratify GPPPD. RESULTS: Factor analysis yielded a 3-factor VPSS model with the "Nonsexual Genital Self-Exploration," "Nonsexual Vaginal Penetration Skills," and "Sexual Vaginal Penetration Skills" dimensions for both VPSS versions. The reliability was excellent for the VPSS-29 (ω = 0.981, α = 0.981) and the VPSS-SF11 (ω = 0.959, α = 0.961). All 3 dimensions could detect significant differences between patients with GPPPD and healthy females. They also differentiated the patients with GPPPD, distinguishing gradient levels. For convergent validity, we found moderate to strong correlations (rho = 0.715-0.745) between the VPSS, FGSIS, and FSFI-6. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The VPSS can be applied easily in both clinical and research settings. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS: The VPSS provides a concise and thorough evaluation of receptive vaginal penetration skills in both sexual and nonsexual contexts among patients with GPPPD. The sample had limited diversity regarding gender and sexual orientation; therefore, it is important to validate the use of this scale in populations beyond the cisgender heterosexual female population to ensure its applicability in diverse settings. CONCLUSION: These results support the reliability and psychometric validity of the VPSS as a self-report measure to screen, assess, and stratify GPPPD symptoms.
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In this research, we aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of an atomized extract of Cnidoscolus diacanthus (Pax & K. Hoffm.) J.F. Macbr., known in Peru as "huanarpo hembra", and its effect on sex hormone levels. Its phytochemical profile was determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), while its total phenol content (TPC) and total flavonoids (TFs) were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the aluminum chloride method. Its antioxidant activity was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), the radical 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazolin-6 sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The biological activity of C. diacanthus and its effect on sexual hormones were determined in Holtzman rats of both sexes. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds in its leaves and stems, mainly rutin, quercetin, chlorogenic acid, and genistein. However, the stem extract contained higher total phenol (464.38 ± 4.40 GAE/g) and flavonoid (369.17 ± 3.16 mg QE/g of extract) contents than the leaf extract (212.38 ± 3.19 mg GAE/g and 121.49 ± 2.69 mg QE/g). For DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP, the Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) was 597.20 ± 5.40 µmol/g, 452.67 ± 5.76 µmol/g, and 535.91 ± 1.56 µmol/g, respectively, for the stems, while for the leaves, it was 462.39 ± 3.99 µmol/g, 202.32 ± 5.20 µmol/g, and 198.13 ± 1.44 µmol/g, respectively. In terms of the values for hormonal levels, at a dose of 100 mg/kg of the extract, testosterone levels of 1.430 ng/mL (with the leaf extract) and 1.433 ng/mL (with the stem extract), respectively, were found in the male rats. Regarding estradiol levels, in the female rats, these were 10.425 ng/mL (leaf extract) and 8.775 ng/mL (stem extract), while their levels of luteinizing hormone were 0.320 mIU/mL (leaf extract) and 0.273 mIU/mL (stem extract). For the follicle-stimulating hormone, levels of 0.858 mIU/mL (leaf extract) and 0.840 mIU/mL (stem extract) were found in the female rats, and levels of 0.220 mIU/mL (leaf extract) and 0.200 mIU/mL (stem extract) were found in the male rats. It is concluded that the C. diacanthus stem extract had a greater antioxidant capacity than the leaf extract, while both extracts had a superior effect on the sex hormone levels in the female rats compared to the male rats.
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Antioxidantes , Extractos Vegetales , Hojas de la Planta , Tallos de la Planta , Animales , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Ratas , Masculino , Tallos de la Planta/química , Flavonoides/análisis , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/farmacología , Femenino , Perú , Hormonas Esteroides Gonadales/metabolismo , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/análisis , Fenoles/farmacología , Euphorbiaceae/química , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Fitoquímicos/química , Fitoquímicos/análisisRESUMEN
Urbanization is a global phenomenon that involves the transformation of natural areas into urban spaces, thereby subjecting organisms to new selective pressures including a wide variety of pollutants and changes in intra- and interspecific interactions. Considering that projections indicate that by the year 2050, 65% of the human population will live in urban areas and that urbanization is a phenomenon with an upward pattern, identifying these phenotypic traits is vital to implementing conservation and management plans for urban fauna. The urban environment may exert different selective pressures on sexually selected traits than more pristine environments, a phenomenon which has been well studied in birds but is less understood in other vertebrates such as lizards, although they are common inhabitants of urban environments. Here, we compare sexual coloration, parasite load, and immune response in Sceloporus torquatus lizards in urban and non-urban environments of Central Mexico. Our study shows that sexual coloration is more saturated (bluer) in male lizards from urban environments, while UV chroma was higher in non-urban lizards. The average parasite load is lower in urban lizards than in non-urban lizards, and we found a negative relationship between hemoparasite count and sexual coloration in male lizards from non-urban environments but not in male lizards from urban environments. Additionally, non-urban lizards exhibited a higher immune response. In female lizards, sexual coloration differed significantly between urban and non-urban environments, but parasite load and immune response did not differ. These results may be useful to improve herpetofauna conservation plans in urbanized environments.
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In December 2020, Argentina approved a new abortion law following decades of feminist and social advocacy. This paper presents qualitative findings from interviews and focus group discussions with people in local communities focusing on how individuals of reproductive age access and communicate sexual and reproductive health information, particularly regarding abortion. Sixteen in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants working in the field of SRHR and four focus group discussions took place with cisgender women and girls, transmasculine people and non-binary people of reproductive age. We found that information exchange and communication about sexual and reproductive health issues, particularly abortion, took place mainly through informal social networks engaging with activists and feminist grass-root organisations. These informal social networks were built on trust as a collective affect that enabled open communication about abortion. Information sharing through word of mouth, in person and via digital means using different social media platforms, is an important means of information sharing and communication in Argentina. Monitoring the implementation of abortion policies in this country should include investigating the impact of people accessing abortion through informal social networks in terms of abortion pathways and intersections with the formal health system.
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Introduction: A theoretical model of self-oriented cognitive schemata of sexual behaviour (SO-CSSB) was proposed after a previous disambiguation review on the definition and research of sexual attitudes. A quantitative exploration of the proposal may add real-world information regarding the internal structure and the adequacy of the defined factors. Consequently, the present study aims to 1) develop a questionnaire based on the theoretical review and 2) explore the structure of the SO-CSSB model. Method: Following the SO-CSSB principles, a questionnaire was developed and evaluated. An observational cross-sectional online survey was conducted. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a reliability analysis were performed. Results: A study sample, comprised of 188 subjects, was analysed (Age 18-56; M = 25.27; SD = 6.6; 62 male, 33.2%). The EFA yielded 16 factors with eigenvalues above 1, accounting for 67.21% of the variance (KMO = .672, Barlett's = 3958.7, sig.<.01; item communalities between .44 and .80). Items under .49 were cut off, which included values from .49 to .86. There was no correlation between components over .20, in a range from -.19 to .20. Reliability indexes varied from .46 to .86. Conclusion: A final model of 16 components following the SO-CSSB principles was presented. The analysis revealed certain modifications to the theoretical proposal, and the objective of adding a quantitative frame to empirically specify its factors was achieved. This outcome constitutes a step forward to developing a comprehensive model on sexual beliefs.
Introducción: Se propuso un modelo teórico de Esquemas Cognitivos Auto- orientados sobre Conducta Sexual (ECA-CS) tras una revisión previa de desam- biguación sobre la literatura actual de las actitudes sexuales. Una exploración cuantitativa de la propuesta puede añadir información real sobre la estructura interna y la adecuación de los factores definidos. En consecuencia, el presente estudio pretendió 1) desarrollar un cuestionario basado en la revisión teórica y 2) explorar la estructura del modelo ECA-CS. Método: Se elaboró y evaluó un cuestionario siguiendo los principios teóricos del ECA-CS. Se realizó una encuesta observacional transversal en línea. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y un análisis de fiabilidad. Resultados: Se analizó una muestra de 188 sujetos (Edad 18-56; M = 25.27; SD = 6.6) (62 varones, 33.2%). El AFE arrojó 16 factores con valores propios superiores a 1, que explicaban el 67.21% de la varianza (KMO = .672, Bar- lett's=3958.7, sig.<.01) (comunalidades de los ítems entre .44 y .80). Se estableció un punto de corte por debajo de .49, incluyendo valores entre .49 y .86. No hubo correlación entre componentes por encima de .20, en un rango de -.19 a .20. Los índices de fiabilidad variaron de .46 a .86. Conclusiones: Se presentó un modelo final de 16 componentes que sigue los principios del ECA-CS. El análisis reveló ciertas modificaciones a la propuesta teórica, y se logró el objetivo de agregar un marco cuantitativo para especificar empíricamente sus factores. Este resultado consti tuye un paso adelante en el desarrollo de un modelo integral sobre creencias sexuales.
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Background and Aims: Clonality is characterized by the formation of independent individuals of the same genotype that are capable of reproducing and propagating vegetatively. Although clonality is an important mechanism that facilitates the persistence of a population, its extensive use can lead to negative impacts on sexual reproduction due to trade-offs in the investment of resources. Therefore, studies on the sexual reproduction of species that exhibit clonality can provide information about resilience to environmental changes, information about fecundity, the risk of the absence of pollinators and the ability to persist in unfavourable conditions and to successfully occupy new areas. Here, we investigated the role of clonal propagation and sexual reproduction in Daphnopsis filipedunculata (Thymelaeaceae), a dioecious species distributed only in Serra dos Carajás. Methods: We evaluated the extent of clonality in this species using molecular tools and anatomical analyses of the underground system responsible for developing new ramets. Furthermore, we analysed the sexual system and its contribution to reproductive success through morphometric analyses of floral types and pollination experiments in the field. Key Results: Overall, we found that clonal propagation plays an important role in maintaining the population of D. filipedunculata. Specifically, we demonstrated that this species presents functional male and female plants, indicating that D. filipedunculata is an obligate xenogamous species but has low reproductive success. We also showed that clonal vegetative propagation is the main form of asexual reproduction in this species, with roots responsible for clonal growth. Finally, our results indicated that this species presents an intermediate phalanx-guerrilla clonal architecture. Conclusions: Our study provides the first insights into sexual reproduction and clonal propagation in D. filipedunculata and can inform management practices, conservation and the restoration of endemic species.
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Objective: To evaluate and compare the sexual function and pelvic floor muscles (PFM) function of women with endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain (CPP) with and without Myofascial Pelvic Pain Syndrome (MPPS). Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted between January 2018 and December 2020. Women with deep endometriosis underwent assessments for trigger points (TP) and PFM function using the PERFECT scale. Electromyographic activity (EMG) and sexual function through Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) were assessed. Statistical analyses included chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: There were 46 women. 47% had increased muscle tone and 67% related TP in levator ani muscle (LAM). Weakness in PFM, with P≤2 was noted in 82% and P≥3 in only 17%. Incomplete relaxation of PFM presented in 30%. EMG results were resting 6.0, maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) 61.9 and Endurance 14.2; FSFI mean total score 24.7. We observed an association between increased muscle tone (P<.001), difficulty in relaxation (P=.019), and lower Endurance on EMG (P=.04) in women with TP in LAM. Participants with TP presented lower total FSFI score (P=.02). TP in the right OIM presented increased muscle tone (P=.01). TP in the left OIM presented lower values to function of PFM by PERFECT (P=.005), and in MVIC (P=.03) on EMG. Conclusion: Trigger points (TP) in pelvic floor muscles (PFM) and obturator internus muscle (OIM) correlates with poorer PFM and sexual function, particularly in left OIM TP cases. Endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain raise muscle tone, weaken muscles, hinder relaxation, elevate resting electrical activity, lower maximum voluntary isometric contraction, and reduce PFM endurance.
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Electromiografía , Endometriosis , Síndromes del Dolor Miofascial , Diafragma Pélvico , Dolor Pélvico , Humanos , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Adulto , Síndromes del Dolor Miofascial/fisiopatología , Diafragma Pélvico/fisiopatología , Endometriosis/complicaciones , Endometriosis/fisiopatología , Dolor Pélvico/fisiopatología , Dolor Pélvico/etiología , Disfunciones Sexuales Fisiológicas/fisiopatología , Disfunciones Sexuales Fisiológicas/etiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Puntos Disparadores/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Background: Evidence suggests that the gastrointestinal microbiome plays a significant role in the biology of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). However, it remains unclear whether disparities in the gut microbiome across intestinal tissular compartments between the sexes lead to MASLD pathogenesis. Methods: Sex-specific analyses of microbiome composition in two anatomically distinct regions of the gut, the small intestine and colon, were performed using an experimental model of MASLD. The study involved male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats and the Wistar-Kyoto control rat strain, which were fed either a standard chow diet or a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to induce MASLD (12 rats per group). High-throughput 16S sequencing was used for microbiome analysis. Results: There were significant differences in the overall microbiome composition of male and female rats with MASLD, including variations in topographical gut regions. The beta diversity of the jejunal and colon microbiomes was higher in female rats than in male rats (PERMANOVA p-value=0.001). Sex-specific analysis and discriminant features using LEfSe showed considerable variation in bacterial abundance, along with distinct functional properties, in the jejunum and colon of animals with MASLD. Significantly elevated levels of lipopolysaccharide and protein expression of Toll-like receptor 4 were observed in the livers of male rats with MASLD compared with their female counterparts. Conclusion: This study uncovered sexual dimorphism in the gut microbiome of MASLD and identified microbial heterogeneity within intestinal compartments. Insights into sex-specific variations in gut microbiome composition could facilitate customised treatment strategies.
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Several models of maternal undernutrition reveal impairment of testicular development and compromise spermatogenesis in male offspring. The expansion of the litter size model, valuable for studying the impact of undernutrition on early development, has not yet been used to evaluate the consequences of early undernutrition in the adult male reproductive system. For this purpose, pups were raised in either normal litter (ten pups/dam) or large litter (LL; sixteen pups/dam). On postnatal day 90, sexual behaviour was evaluated or blood, adipose and reproductive tissues were collected for biochemical, histological and morphological analysis. Adult LL animals were lighter and thinner than controls. They showed increased food intake, but decrease of retroperitoneal white adipose tissue weight, glycaemia after oral glucose overload and plasma concentration of cholesterol. Reproductive organ weights were not altered by undernutrition, but histopathological analysis revealed an increased number of abnormal seminiferous tubules and number of immature spermatids in the tubular lumen of LL animals. These animals also showed reduction in total spermatic reserve and daily sperm production in the testes. Undernutrition decreased the number of Sertoli cells, and testosterone production was increased in the LL group. Mitochondrial activity of spermatozoa remained unchanged between experimental groups, suggesting no significant impact on the energy-related processes associated with sperm function. All animals from both experimental groups were considered sexually competent, with no significant difference in the parameters of sexual behaviour. We conclude that neonatal undernutrition induces histological and physiological testicular changes, without altering sperm quality and sexual behaviour of animals.