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Purpose: This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between physical exercise and emotional states among university students, focusing on the mediating role of sense of coherence. Method: A total of 1,215 university students (aged 18-25 years) were recruited and completed questionnaires assessing physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form), emotional states (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule), and sense of coherence (Sense of Coherence Scale-13) at three time points over a three-month period. Preliminary analyses included independent samples t-tests, chi-square tests, and Pearson correlations. Cross-lagged panel mediation analysis was conducted using Mplus 8.3, with bootstrapping employed to test indirect effects. Results: Results indicated that sense of coherence significantly predicted positive affect (ß = 0.259-0.369, p < 0.001). Positive affect, in turn, predicted physical exercise (ß = 0.083-0.182, p < 0.05), while negative affect also influenced physical exercise (ß = -0.096-0.203, p < 0.05). Physical exercise indirectly influenced positive affect through sense of coherence (ß = 0.037, p = 0.045), and positive affect indirectly influenced physical exercise through sense of coherence (ß = 0.029, p = 0.028). Other indirect effects involving physical exercise, sense of coherence, and negative affect were non-significant. Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of sense of coherence in promoting emotional well-being among university students and in the reciprocal relationship between physical exercise and positive emotional states. Findings suggest that interventions targeting sense of coherence may enhance the emotional benefits of physical exercise. Future research should explore other potential mediators and moderators of the relationship between physical exercise and emotions and examine the effectiveness of sense of coherence-based interventions on well-being in this population.

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Oral health problems prove to be a significant public health issue due to their high prevalence and their impacts on people's self-confidence and basic physical functions such as talking, chewing and smiling, all of which affect an individual's social role. For that, this study aims to determine oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and its association with a sense of coherence (SOC) and perceived social support among Yemeni adults residing in Malaysia. Data was collected from 223 Yemeni adults residing in Malaysia for over a year. The data collection instruments used were: a short version of the sense of coherence Scale (SOC-13), a new short version of the oral health impact profile (OHIP-5) questionnaire, the multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS), and a questionnaire containing socio-demographic and oral health behaviours information. Simple and adjusted binary logistic regression analyses with the level of significance p < 0.05 were used to determine the association between the independent factors and OHRQoL. Negative impacts on quality of life due to oral health issues were reported by (57.8%) of the participants, and a statistically significant association between SOC and OHRQoL was found; participants with weak SOC were more likely to have a negative impact on their OHRQol than individuals with strong SOC (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI 1.4-5.5). Additionally, self-assessment of oral health as poor (AOR = 4.6, 95% CI 1.5-14.1) were also associated with a negative impact OHRQoL. On the other hand, this study found that a longer period since the last dentist visit was a protective factor against negative impacts on quality of life (p < 0.05). In terms of perceived social support, no association was found between any categories of perceived social support and OHRQoL. In Conclusion, sense of coherence showed a statistically significant association with OHRQoL, emphasizing psychological factors' potential role in oral health. The findings support the hypothesis that SOC is a psychosocial determinant that could act as a protective factor against negative impact on OHRQoL.

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Background: The dimensionality of the sense of coherence (SOC-L9) scale has been in contention due to the varied factor structure revealed in the literature. In this study, we assessed the dimensionality of the SOC-L9 scale using Ghanaian university students while guarding against the method effect. The study also examined the gender measurement invariance of the scale. Methods: This research conveniently sampled 1062 students who responded to the SOC-L9 scale with negative items reversed to positive items. A larger proportion of the participants were male students (n = 769, 72.4 %), with 293(27.6 %) being female students. The youngest participant was 18 years old, whereas the oldest was 42 years old. Following all validation studies protocols, four distinct confirmatory factor analysis models were fitted and compared (i.e., unidimensional, three-factor first-order, three-factor second-order and bifactor models). Results: The initial model comparison revealed that the bifactor CFA model [CFI = 0.958, SRMR = 0.036, AIC = 21231.35, BIC = 21370.45] was superior to the unidimensional [CFI = 0.914, SRMR = 0.046, AIC = 26280.67, BIC = 26414.8] and 3-factor models [CFI = 0.932, SRMR = 0.040, AIC = 26221.67, BIC = 26370.71]. Upon further probing, it was discovered that SOC-L9 functions best as a unidimensional scale for the university student population. Gender measurement invariance was established for configural invariance [CFI = 0.986, SRMR = 0.044], metric invariance [CFI = 0.894, SRMR = 0.051] and scalar invariance [CFI = 0.983, SRMR = 0.047]. Conclusion: The SOC-L9 scale has a nested structure with the various sub-scales interacting to produce a summary total observed score. The structure of the SOC-L9 requires scholars to treat the scale as a unidimensional scale rather than a multidimensional one. This latent structure was found to be consistent with male and female university students.

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Psychiatric nurses face moral dilemmas that affect their mental health. We investigated whether sense of coherence (SOC) buffers psychiatric nurses' perceived effects of moral dilemmas on their psychological distress. A total of 418 nursing professionals in 6 psychiatric hospitals in Japan completed self-administered questionnaires. A negative correlation was observed between "patient rights" (r = -0.24, p < 0.001), "relationships other than patient" (r = -0.28, p < 0.001), "nursing care" (r = -0.25, p < 0.001) of moral dilemmas and "manageability" of SOC. Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between "patient rights" (r = -0.22, p < 0.001), "relationships other than patient" (r = -0.21, p < 0.001) of moral dilemmas and "comprehensibility" of SOC. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis used the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-10 (K10), which assessed the degree of mental distress, as the dependent variable, and moral dilemmas and SOC as the independent variables, along with their interaction terms. The K10 scores significantly changed depending on the degree of moral dilemmas in the low SOC group, but not in the high SOC group. SOC buffers the effects of psychiatric nurses' perceived moral dilemmas on their psychological distress.

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Migrant nurses face many challenges as they adapt and assimilate into their new working environments. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the perceptions of work-related strain, sense of coherence and intercultural sensitivity among nurses who were employed at a public mental health facility in Qatar. We used three self-report questionnaires: the work-related strain inventory, sense of coherence scale and an intercultural sensitivity scale. A cohort of 136 nurses voluntarily engaged in the study. The majority of participants were male, migrated from South Asia and were in their mid-30s. The study found that both sense of coherence and intercultural sensitivity were inversely proportional to work-related strain. Work-related strain was found to be lower than expected; the factors that appear to protect against work-related strain include longer clinical experience, a high sense of coherence, and intercultural sensitivity. Additionally, greater age and extended clinical experience, combined with a history of work in three or more countries, associated with higher scores on the sense of coherence scale. Lastly, being female, having a postgraduate degree and holding a senior-level position were associated with increased intercultural sensitivity. As nurses' migration across national and international borders increases in response to global demand, this study has important implications for nursing administrators, educators and policymakers in relation to the development and implementation of strategies to enhance nurses' sense of coherence and intercultural sensitivity and prevent work-related strain. Trial Registration number: NCT04196751.

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Background: The aim of this pilot study is to determine, in the context of a controlled intervention study, whether the health-promoting personal protective factors of sense of coherence, resilience, and self-compassion are strengthened by the practice of Metta meditation in individuals with cardiovascular disease. The interactions between mind and body play a pivotal role in health and mortality. Lifestyle factors and especially stress also play a decisive role in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. With health-promoting personal protective factors, which can be actively formed over the entire lifespan, stressors can be managed more adequately. Methods: Data collection will be conducted as part of a controlled nonrandomized longitudinal pilot intervention study that will enrol individuals with cardiovascular disease (n=29). After the first interview, a 12-week Metta meditation course will start for the intervention group (IG) (n=9), while the control group (CG) (n=20) will receive no intervention. The Minnesota Living with Heart Failure® Questionnaire (MLHFQ), the 13-item Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13), the Resilience Scale, the Self-Compassion Scale short form (SCS-sf) German version, the German version of the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and the Stress Coping subscale of the Stress and Coping Inventory (SCI) are used at both measurement time (MT) points. In addition, blood pressure parameters are collected. Furthermore, selected literature will be consulted to integrate the evaluated data into existing research findings. Results: The health-promoting personal competencies of sense of coherence, resilience, and self-compassion were not strengthened by the practice of Metta meditation in individuals with cardiovascular disease. However, there was a significant reduction in perceived stress {F[1, 27] =4.351, P=0.047, f=0.402} and improved stress coping skills {F[1, 26] =6.790, P=0.02, f=0.511} in the IG. Furthermore, the frequency of rehospitalization {F[1, 27] =5.607, P=0.03, f=0.456} differed significantly in the pre-post comparison. Conclusions: Due to the insufficient size of the sample, the results are only exploratory in nature and should therefore only be considered preliminary. Also, the correlations between the significant changes in the parameters and Metta meditation cannot be finally assessed. For this purpose, further studies with larger samples are needed.

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AIM: We aimed to examine the mediating effects of the Sense of Coherence (SOC) on the relationship between stress and sleep in nurses during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey targeting nurses in Chiba and Tokyo during the summer of 2021 was conducted using Google Forms. Responses were obtained using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the 13-item version of the SOC scale (SOC-13), and questions regarding COVID-19-related stress. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to investigate relevant relationships. RESULTS: A total of 181 valid responses were obtained from 400 surveyed nurses. SEM analysis showed that COVID-19 stress was indirectly related to PSQI via its effect on SOC-13, with higher SOC-13 negatively correlated with PSQI. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest the need for interventions designed to promote SOC for nurses working under stressful conditions.

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With the trend towards ageing population globally, the salutogenic model can be integrated in interventions for pre-ageing and older adults to better support healthy ageing. However, there is limited research examining the salutogenic model's pathway amongst pre-ageing and older adults. Hence, this study aims to investigate pathways of the salutogenic model amongst pre-ageing and older adults with chronic diseases. Two hundred and eight pre-ageing and older adults were recruited from 11 Senior Activity Centres in Singapore. Data was collected using a self-reported questionnaire and analysed using path analyses. The indirect pathway from Subjective Cognitive Complaints to self-care abilities via sense of coherence and health practices were significant. Participants with higher sense of coherence may have increased capacities to execute more complex forms of self-care. Future interventions integrating the salutogenic model could enhance pre-ageing and older adults' self-care abilities to cope with chronic diseases and contribute to healthy ageing.

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AIM: The pathways to post-operative pain are complex and encompass factors that extend beyond the treatment protocol employed. This study aimed to identify patient-related predictors of post-operative pain following root canal treatment. METHODOLOGY: A total of 154 patients received a single-visit root canal treatment for asymptomatic necrotic mandibular molars. Before treatment, dental anxiety, dental fear and sense of coherence (SOC) were measured as predictors for each patient using validated questionnaires. Other measured predictors included gender, age, previous negative experiences at the dental offices and prior root canal treatment. Post-operative pain was assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale at multiple time-points over 30 days. Structural equation analysis was employed to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of patient-related predictors on a theoretical model of post-operative pain. The irrigant solution was also included in the model, as it was the only aspect that varied in the treatment protocol (sodium hypochlorite 2.5% and 8.25%). RESULTS: Dental anxiety (coefficient 0.028; p < .01), dental fear (coefficient 0.007; p = .02) and irrigant solution (coefficient 0.004; p = .03) exerted a direct effect on post-operative pain. SOC exerted an indirect effect on post-operative (coefficient 0.006; p = .01) through dental anxiety and dental fear. Moreover, previous negative experiences (coefficient 0.048; p = .04) exerted an indirect effect on post-operative pain through dental anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: Dental anxiety, dental fear, previous negative experiences and SOC are patient-related predictors of post-operative pain following root canal treatment. These factors should be taken into consideration in clinical practice, as patients with these characteristics may be at an increased risk of experiencing post-operative pain.

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Sense of coherence (SoC) refers to how individuals cope with stress and maintain health, yet its concept remains no consensus about how it is defined and applied in the context of stroke care. This study aims to clarify the concept of SoC by reviewing its applications in various stroke populations and its changes across different stages of stroke. The adapted steps of Rodger's evolutionary approach of concept analysis were used to explore the attributes, surrogate or related terms, antecedents, and consequences of SoC in stroke. Twenty-five articles were included after evaluating 1065 records and 80 full-text articles. The SoC's attributes, characterized with dynamicity of comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness in stroke, lie within the different stroke phases (acute, sub-acute and chronic). There is no surrogate term to SoC. Related terms included coping, resistance resources, resilience, hardiness, and readiness. Antecedents related to stroke survivors and informal caregivers included sociodemographic factors, body functioning factors, social factors, stroke-related factors, and caring factors. Consequences for stroke survivors, informal caregivers, and dyads included psychological status, health behavior, marital satisfaction, care provision, and perception of rehabilitation needs. The findings of the concept analysis of SoC in stroke reveal that this concept extends beyond survivors experienced stroke, and its comprehensive understanding needs considering various aspects including the SoC of informal caregivers, dyads, and family. This paper serves as a novel perspective for future stroke care, focusing on the needs for dynamic monitoring and adaptations to changes of SoC at different stages of stroke care. A proper understanding of SoC can also contribute to developing assessment tools and theoretical models in stroke care with some emphasis on the phases of strokes (attributes), demographic and functional characteristics (antecedents), and both stroke survivor-caregiver-related outcomes sensitive to SoC.

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BACKGROUND: Salutogenesis focuses on understanding the factors that contribute to positive health outcomes. At the core of the model lies the sense of coherence (SOC), which plays a crucial role in promoting well-being and resilience. OBJECTIVE: Using the validscale Stata command, we aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the French version of the 3-dimension 13-item SOC questionnaire (SOC-13), encompassing the comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness dimensions. We also aimed to determine if a refined scale, assessed through this method, exhibits superior psychometric properties compared to the SOC-13. METHODS: A sample of 880 consecutive primary care patients recruited from 35 French practices were asked to complete the SOC-13. We tested for internal consistency and scalability using the Cronbach α and Loevinger H coefficients, respectively, and we tested for construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis and goodness-of-fit indices (root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] and comparative fit index [CFI]). RESULTS: Of the 880 eligible patients, 804 (91.4%) agreed to participate (n=527, 65.6% women; median age 51 years). Cronbach α and Loevinger H coefficients for the SOC-13 were all <0.70 and <0.30, respectively, indicating poor internal consistency and poor scalability (0.64 and 0.29 for comprehensibility, 0.56 and 0.26 for manageability, and 0.46 and 0.17 for meaningfulness, respectively). The RMSEA and CFI were >0.06 (0.09) and <0.90 (0.83), respectively, indicating a poor fit. By contrast, the psychometric properties of a unidimensional 8-item version of the SOC questionnaire (SOC-8) were excellent (Cronbach α=0.82, Loevinger H=0.38, RMSEA=0.05, and CFI=0.97). CONCLUSIONS: The psychometric properties of the 3-dimension SOC-13 were poor, unlike the unidimensional SOC-8. A questionnaire built only with these 8 items could be a good candidate to measure the SOC. However, further validation studies are needed before recommending its use in research.

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PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of a theory-driven multimodal cancer rehabilitation intervention (MCRI) programme among Hong Kong Chinese women treated for female reproductive cancers (FRC). METHODS: A single-blinded randomised controlled trial was conducted in two regional hospitals in Hong Kong involving 35 women treated for FRC. The intervention group (n = 18) received a 12-week MCRI which included 30 modules of app-based health education and three nurse-led individual counselling sessions. The control group (n = 17) received attention from the research nurse through telephone calls. Sense of coherence, health-related quality of life, and cancer-specific distress were measured at baseline (T0), immediately after completion of the intervention (T1) and 12 weeks post-intervention (T2). Twelve intervention completers were interviewed to explore the acceptability of the programme. RESULTS: Recruitment, consent, and retention rates, counselling session attendance rate, and app usage were satisfactory. The intervention participants reported to have significant improvement in physical well-being at T1 (Cohen's d effect size (d) = 1.04, 95% CI 0.24, 1.83), sense of coherence (d = 0.76, 95% CI - 0.03, 1.54), and cancer-specific distress (d = 1.03, 95% CI - 1.83, - 0.21) at T2. Interviewed participants acknowledged the benefits of the programme and provided comments for improvement. CONCLUSIONS: The MCRI is found to be feasible and acceptable and may improve their sense of coherence, distress, and physical health. A full-scale trial using a larger and more representative sample is warranted to confirm the effects of the programme. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: Women treated for FRC may be benefited from the MCRI in improving sense of coherence, physical well-being, and distress. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was registered on ISRCTN registry with ID ISRCTN73177277.

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INTRODUCTION: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder originating from early childhood. Although there are studies investigating the sense of coherence in caregivers of children with ASD, there is not a previous study in our country. In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between the sense of coherence and depression levels in mothers of children with ASD. METHOD: Seventy-five mothers of children followed up in rehabilitation centers with the diagnosis of ASD were included in this study. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Sense of Coherence Scale-13 (SOC-13) were administered to mothers. Participants were divided into two groups: a depressive group and a control group according to the BDI cut-off score. SOC-13 total score and sub-scores were compared between these groups. RESULTS: According to the BDI cut-off score, 45 participants (60%) were included in the depressive group. Total SOC-13 score and sub-scores were found to be statistically significantly lower in the depressive group compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: Our study is the first study in our country to examine the relationship between the sense of coherence and depression in mothers of children with ASD. The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between depression scores and sense of coherence. It is predicted that psychological interventions that will improve the sense of coherence of mothers with children with ASD may play an important role in the treatment of depression, thus leading to an increase in the quality of care provided by parents.

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BACKGROUND: Despite the growing recognition of the importance of social support and physical literacy in managing hypertension among young and middle-aged patients, there is a lack of research exploring the mediating effects of sense of coherence and self-efficacy in this relationship. This study aims to bridge this gap by investigating the interplay between social support, physical literacy, sense of coherence, and self-efficacy, thus contributing to a deeper understanding of effective interventions for hypertension management. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using convenience sampling to survey 280 young and middle-aged patients diagnosed with hypertension from five community settings in Zhejiang and Anhui provinces between January and February 2024. Measurement instruments included the General Information Questionnaire, Physical Literacy Scale for Young and Middle-aged Patients with Hypertension, Sense of Coherence Scale 13, General self-efficacy Scale, and Perception Social Support Scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 27.0 and AMOS 28.0, with reporting following the STROBE checklist. RESULTS: A total of 270 valid questionnaires were collected. The total score of physical literacy for young and middle-aged patients with hypertension ranged from 18 to 90, with a mean score of 62.30 ± 13.92, indicating a moderate level. There was a positive correlation between the physical literacy score and the scores of social support (r = 0.557, P<0.01), sense of coherence (r = 0.392, P<0.01), and self-efficacy (r = 0.466, P<0.01) among young and middle-aged patients with hypertension. Furthermore, social support was found to have multiple mediating effects through sense of coherence and self-efficacy on physical literacy. CONCLUSION: This study sheds light on the interconnectedness of social support, physical literacy, sense of coherence, and self-efficacy among young and middle-aged patients with hypertension. The findings underscore the importance of considering these factors holistically in hypertension management strategies.

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OBJECTIVES: To identify the associated factors of self-neglect in older adults from a salutogenic perspective. METHODS: A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted in two communities in Beijing with 486 older adults recruited from April to December 2022. Data were collected by a set of questionnaires. RESULTS: Sense of coherence (ß=-0.138), socio-demographic generalized resistance resources (GRRs) (smoking: ß=0.156), social GRRs (living alone: ß=0.093), psychological GRRs (self-esteem: ß=-0.126), and motivational GRRs (powerful others locus of control: ß=-0.199, chance locus of control: ß=0.119) were all associated with self-neglect among older adults (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Sense of coherence and GRRs are vital to improve self-neglect in older adults. It is suggested to increase the level of self-esteem and the tendency of the health locus of control to largely facilitate self-neglect management in older adults.

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Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the sense of coherence and its relationship with oral health and other study variables among adult patients at university dental hospital. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study included adult patients visiting the Dental Hospital of the College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam. Sense of coherence was determined by Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence scale (SOC-13), which consists of 13 items on a 7-point Likert. DMFT index, plaque index, gingival index, and simplified oral hygiene index were used to evaluate the oral health of study participants. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed, and 0.05 level of significance was used in the study. Results: The study included the data of 558 participants with a mean age of 32.19±10.11 years. The mean score of SOC was 52.77±13.11, which was significantly higher in high-income participants (P <0.001), participants without a medical condition (P=0.021), non-smokers (P <0.001), and those who visited the dentist in less than one year (P=0.028). Bivariate analysis showed statistically significant negative correlations between SOC and DMFT index (P=0.002), SOC and plaque index (P <0.001), SOC and gingival index (P=0.002), and SOC and simplified oral hygiene index (P=0.001). Multivariable analysis also showed that SOC was significantly correlated with DMFT index (P=0.001), plaque index (P <0.001), gingival index (P <0.001), and oral hygiene index (P=0.004) after controlling for age, gender, education, and monthly income. Conclusion: This study found that high-income and healthy participants, non-smokers, and those who visited the dental office during the last one year demonstrated significantly higher SOC. In addition, there was a statistically significant correlation between SOC and oral health. These study findings highlight the importance of raising awareness about SOC to improve oral health outcomes in adult patients.

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BACKGROUND: Prenatal depression is associated with adverse health outcomes for both mothers and their children. The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has presented new risks and challenges for expectant mothers. The aims of the study were to investigate the underlying mechanism between COVID-19 risk perception of Chinese pregnant women and their prenatal depressive symptoms and potential protective factors such as family sense of coherence (FSOC). METHOD: A total of 181 Chinese pregnant women (Mage = 31.40 years, SD = 3.67, ranged from 23 to 43) participated in an online survey from April 22 to May 16, 2020. Risk perception and negative emotions (fear and anxiety) related with COVID-19, FSOC, and prenatal depressive symptoms were assessed. RESULTS: The experience of maternal COVID-19 related negative emotion fully mediated the positive relationship between COVID-19 risk perception and prenatal depressive symptoms of pregnant women (ß = 0.12, 95% CI [0.06, 0.19]). When confronting COVID-19 related fear and anxiety, expectant mothers from higher coherent families experienced a significantly lower level of prenatal depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Contextual negative emotional experience was demonstrated to explain how risk perception impacts depressive symptoms during severe public health crisis for pregnant women. FSOC may be a psychological resource protecting pregnant women from experiencing adverse psychological outcomes during COVID-19 pandemic.

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Introduction: Mindful movement is a comprehensive approach that integrates various bodily, emotional and cognitive aspects into physical activity, promoting overall well-being. This study assessed the impact of a mindful movement program, known as Movimento Biologico (MB), on participants psychological well-being (PWB), positive mental health (PMH), sense of coherence (SOC), and interoceptive awareness. Methods: MB program was conducted for students attending the bachelor's degree in Kinesiology and Sport Sciences of University of Perugia over 8 weeks (from October 16 to November 27, 2022). Participants were requested to fill in four questionnaires before and after the MB program: (1) 18-item PWB scale; (2) 9-item PMH scale; (3) 13-item SOC scale; (4) 32-item scale for Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA). Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to assess changes, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Thirty-eight students (mean age 21.2, 60.5% male) participated. Several MAIA subscales, including noticing (p = 0.003), attention management (p = 0.002), emotional awareness (p = 0.007), self-regulation (p < 0.001), body listening (p = 0.001), and trusting (p = 0.001), showed significant improvements. PMH increased significantly (p = 0.015), and there was a significant enhancement in the autonomy subscale of PWB (p = 0.036). SOC and overall PWB also improved, though not significantly. Conclusion: The MB program significantly improved participants' positive mental health and interoceptive awareness. This likely resulted from better recognition and management of positive physiological sensations, a stronger link between physical sensations and emotions, enhanced confidence in one's body, and increased autonomy.

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Sense of Coherence (SOC) is conceptualized as promoting resistance to stress. The study aimed to assess the impact of the Big Five personality traits and Social Capital (SC) on SOC levels during COVID-19, comparing associations with the pre-pandemic period. Another aim was to explore how personality and SC relate differently to SOC domains: Comprehensibility, Manageability, and Meaningfulness, reflecting perceptions of order, resource adequacy, and life's significance, respectively. SOC, Big Five personality traits, SC (using by the 13 items SOC scale, NEO-FFI and PSCS inventories, respectively) and demographic data were obtained from 2717 Israeli participants during the heights of the third COVID-19 wave (November 2020-March 2021). Strong relationships between SOC and personality traits have been found through regression analysis, but these associations differed between SOC domains. Big Five traits demonstrated comparable association with Comprehensibly and Manageability, but different from those with Meaningfulness, particularly in Neuroticism, Openness and Extraversion. Significant SC-SOC associations were observed, though weaker than those reported in the pre-pandemic period. Age and female sex were also associated with stronger SOC. Overall, effect sizes for SOC domains were medium to large for Big Five personality traits and small to medium for demographic variables. SC demonstrated a negligible effect size. Significant interactions of demographic, SC and personality traits were also observed. The study highlights SOC's strong links with personality and demographics, but weaker ties with psychosocial factors. Variations across SOC domains may explain diverse crisis effects.