RESUMEN
Considering the lack of antiviral drugs worldwide, we investigated the antiviral potential of fucoxanthin, an edible carotenoid purified from Sargassum siliquastrum, against zika virus (ZIKV) infection. The antiviral activity of fucoxanthin was assessed in ZIKV-infected Vero E6 cells, and the relevant structural characteristics were confirmed using molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Fucoxanthin decreased the infectious viral particles and nonstructural protein (NS)1 mRNA expression levels at concentrations of 12.5, 25, and 50 µM in ZIKV-infected cells. Fucoxanthin also decreased the increased mRNA levels of interferon-induced proteins with tetratricopeptide repeat 1 and 2 in ZIKV-infected cells. Molecular docking simulations revealed that fucoxanthin binds to three main ZIKV proteins, including the envelope protein, NS3, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), with binding energies of -151.449, -303.478, and -290.919 kcal/mol, respectively. The complex of fucoxanthin with RdRp was more stable than RdRp protein alone based on MD simulation. Further, fucoxanthin bonded to the three proteins via repeated formation and disappearance of hydrogen bonds. Overall, fucoxanthin exerts antiviral potential against ZIKV by affecting its three main proteins in a concentration-dependent manner. Thus, fucoxanthin isolated from S. siliquastrum is a potential candidate for treating zika virus infections.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Simulación de Dinámica Molecular , Sargassum , Xantófilas , Virus Zika , Antivirales/farmacología , Antivirales/aislamiento & purificación , Antivirales/química , Virus Zika/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Sargassum/química , Chlorocebus aethiops , Xantófilas/farmacología , Xantófilas/aislamiento & purificación , Xantófilas/química , Células Vero , Infección por el Virus Zika/tratamiento farmacológico , Infección por el Virus Zika/virologíaRESUMEN
The upgrade of sustainable resource waste into a valuable and beneficial material is an urgent task. The current paper outlines the development of an economical, sustainable, and prolonged adsorbent derived from Sargassum siliquastrum biomass and its use for potent 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) removal. A simple carbonization approach was applied to obtain the highly functionalized carbon structure, which was subsequently transformed into a novel magnetic nanoadsorbent. The magnetic nanoadsorbent was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET)-specific surface area, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The characterization results confirm the successful formation of a high specific surface area and a uniform distribution of Fe3O4/NiS NPs grafted activated carbon. The adsorption kinetics was more accurately described via the pseudo-second order model; nevertheless, the isothermal data showed that the Langmuir model was most suitable. The monolayer adsorption capacity for 2,4-D was 208.26 ± 15.75 mg/g at 328 K. The favourability and spontaneity of the adsorption process were demonstrated by thermodynamic studies. The adsorbent displayed exceptional selectivity for 2,4-D and high stability in multi-cycle use. Electrostatic attraction, π-π stacking, and hydrogen bonding were all believed to have an impact on the sorbent's robust 2,4-D adsorption. Analyses of real tap and Nile River water samples showed little effect of the sample matrix on 2,4-D adsorption. This study presents an innovative approach for developing highly efficient adsorbent from natural biomass and offers an affordable way to recycle algal waste into beneficial materials.
Asunto(s)
Herbicidas , Nanotubos , Sargassum , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Adsorción , Carbón Orgánico/química , Fenómenos Magnéticos , Ácido 2,4-Diclorofenoxiacético , Cinética , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/química , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Concentración de Iones de HidrógenoRESUMEN
Brown seaweed is a rich source of fucoidan, which exhibits a variety of biological activities. The present study discloses the protective effect of low molecular weight fucoidan (FSSQ) isolated from an edible brown alga, Sargassum siliquastrum, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The findings of the study revealed that FSSQ increases cell viability while decreasing intracellular reactive oxygen species production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages dose-dependently. FSSQ reduced the iNOS and COX-2 expression, inhibiting the NO and prostaglandin E2 production. Furthermore, mRNA expression of IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α was downregulated by FSSQ via modulating MAPK and NF-κB signaling. The NLRP3 inflammasome protein complex, including NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1, as well as the subsequent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1ß and IL-18, release in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages was inhibited by FSSQ. The cytoprotective effect of FSSQ is indicated via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling activation, which is considerably reduced upon suppression of HO-1 activity by ZnPP. Collectively, the study revealed the therapeutic potential of FSSQ against inflammatory responses in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Moreover, the study suggests further investigations on commercially viable methods for fucoidan isolation.
Asunto(s)
FN-kappa B , Sargassum , Animales , Ratones , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Lipopolisacáridos/metabolismo , Sargassum/metabolismo , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR/metabolismo , Peso Molecular , Macrófagos , Transducción de Señal , Citocinas/metabolismo , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Células RAW 264.7 , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
This study aimed to investigate the dietary effects of Sargassum siliquastrum on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, cecal fermentation, microbial populations, antioxidant status, immune response, and intestine histomorphology of Japanese quails. A total of 450 Japanese quails, aged 7 days, weighing 27.35 ± 0.23 g, were randomly distributed to three dietary groups in a 42-day feeding experiment. Five replicates were prepared per group, with each replicate consisting of 30 chicks in a cage. The three dietary groups consisted of a basal diet (0% supplementation, which was the control) and diets supplemented with 1% and 2% of S. siliquastrum. The results showed that the S. siliquastrum-supplemented groups and the control group had similar final body weight (FBW), average body gain (ADG), and average feed intake (ADFI). However, the S. siliquastrum-supplemented groups had a better feed conversion ratio (FCR), as well as a lower mortality rate, compared to the control group. S. siliquastrum supplementation improved the nutrient digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and crude fiber (CF) (p < 0.05). The S. siliquastrum-supplemented groups exhibited the heaviest empty intestine and cecum weights, as well as the longest intestinal and cecal length. Furthermore, the total volatile fatty acid (VFA) and the propionic acid concentrations increased significantly in quails fed S. siliquastrum-supplemented diets (p < 0.05), although the concentration of NH3-N decreased (p < 0.05). The dietary inclusion of S. siliquastrum had a beneficial effect on cecal microbial populations, where the Lactobacillus sp. counts increased, and the E. coli and Clostridium perfringens counts decreased. The histopathological examination of the duodenum confirmed that S. siliquastrum dietary supplementation enhanced the height and width of the villi. Quails fed S. siliquastrum-supplemented diet exhibited the highest total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities, but the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance was decreased (p < 0.05). Serum IgA, IgG, and IgM concentrations increased considerably (p < 0.05) in S. siliquastrum-supplemented groups. In conclusion, S. siliquastrum supplementation in the diet of Japanese quail can provide beneficial effects on performance, cecal fermentation, beneficial bacteria populations, and the immune response, and could be considered as an alternative feed additive in poultry production.
RESUMEN
The complete S. siliquastrum mitogenome length was 34,765 bp. The mitogenome contains 67 genes, including 37 protein-coding, three rRNA, 25 tRNA genes, and two conserved open reading frames (ORFs). The overall GC content of the genome is 36.59%. The complete mitogenome sequence provided herein would help understand Sargassum evolution.
RESUMEN
Ultraviolet B (UVB) can induce oxidative damage to outermost layers of skin causing suntans, sunburns, and, in severe cases, blisters leading to photoaging. Low molecular weight (MW) fucoidan is renowned for possessing enhanced antioxidant activities. The present study discloses the use of step gradient ethanol precipitation in refining fucoidan fractions (SSQC1-SSQC4) from Sargassum siliquastrum and evaluation of their UVB-protective effects in human HaCaT keratinocytes. Among the fractions, SSQC4 indicated the best bioactive effects. 1H NMR, FTIR, monosaccharide composition by HPAEC-PAD analysis, MW estimation by agarose gel electrophoresis were used to characterize the fractions. SSQC4 was comprising of fucoidan, with an estimated MW distribution of 8-25 kDa. Exposure of UVB increased intracellular ROS, DNA damage, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, apoptotic body formation causing cell death through the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway. SSQC4 treatment could dose-dependently attenuate the ROS levels and suppress mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in UVB exposed keratinocytes. SSQC4 treatment enhanced cellular antioxidant defense by increasing Nrf2 mediated HO-1 generation, which was identified as the cause of observed bioactivities. The safety and stability of SSQC4 could be further evaluated to promote its use as a bioactive natural ingredient in UV-protective cosmetics.
Asunto(s)
Etanol/química , Polisacáridos/aislamiento & purificación , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Protectores contra Radiación/aislamiento & purificación , Protectores contra Radiación/farmacología , Sargassum/química , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversos , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Transformada , Daño del ADN , Precipitación Fraccionada/métodos , Hemo-Oxigenasa 1/metabolismo , Humanos , Queratinocitos/citología , Queratinocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Queratinocitos/efectos de la radiación , Queratinocitos/ultraestructura , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Peso Molecular , Monosacáridos/análisis , Monosacáridos/química , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Polisacáridos/análisis , Polisacáridos/química , Protectores contra Radiación/química , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismoRESUMEN
Inflammation is complex process involving a variety of immune cells that defend the body from harmful stimuli. However, pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators can also exacerbate diseases such as cancer. The aim of this study was to identify a natural effective remedy for inflammation. We isolated a functional algal chromene compound from Sargassum siliquastrum, named sargachromanol D (SD). We evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of SD on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-exposed RAW 264.7 cells by measuring cell viability, cytotoxicity, and production of inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1ß, and IL-6. SD inhibited production of NO and PGE2 from LPS-induced cells by preventing the expression of inflammatory mediators such as iNOS and COX-2 in a dose-dependent manner. Concurrently, levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6 were reduced with increasing concentrations of SD. In addition, SD inhibited the activation of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathways in a concentration-dependent manner. These results indicate that SD inhibits LPS-stimulated inflammation by inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPKs pathways in macrophages.
Asunto(s)
Benzopiranos/farmacología , Mediadores de Inflamación/antagonistas & inhibidores , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Línea Celular , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Ratones , Sargassum/químicaRESUMEN
Centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) can be used to isolate various bioactive compounds from natural materials by one-step. We confirmed antioxidative compounds existed in chloroform (CHCl3) fraction of Sargassum siliquastrum using online-HPLC. Fractions (A, B, C, D and E) were separated from the CHCl3 fraction by preparative CPC (n-hexane:ethyl acetate:methanol:water, 5:5:7:3, v/v). In this study, we proved that the isolated compounds exhibit anti-inflammatory activities using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The fraction A which exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) production level, was confirmed as sargachromanol E by LC-MS-ESI, (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR data. The sargachromanol E significantly reduced the inflammatory response in LPS induced macrophages, decreasing LPS-induced transcription factor of pro-inflammatory cyclooxygenase-2, NO synthase, phosphate P38, phosphate ERK1/2, LPS-stimulated tumor-necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta and prostaglandin E2 release. In conclusion, it was suggested that sargachromanol E inhibited inflammation in LPS induced RAW 264.7 cells via MAPK pathway.