RESUMEN

ResumenSe reporta el caso de un paciente que presentó de manera espontánea diátesis hemorrágica, sin tener causa alguna aparente que lo justificase. Tal diátesis hemorrágica forja un amplio apartado de posibilidades diagnósticas en cuanto a trastornos de la coagulación del adulto se refiere, en el contexto de un paciente conocido sano que nunca ha presentado episodios de sangrado mayor y debuta con hemorragias de forma masiva. Entre las muchas posibilidades diagnósticas se encuentra una poco conocida: la hemofilia adquirida. La hemofilia adquirida es un trastorno infrecuente de la hemostasia, caracterizado por la presencia de inhibidores adquiridos de los factores de la coagulación, en el plasma del paciente enfermo. Los inhibidores adquiridos son anticuerpos que a su vez podrían ser de tipo aloanticuerpos o autoanticuerpos. Los aloanticuerpos se desarrollan en pacientes deficitarios per se de factores de la coagulación, en respuesta a la terapia de sustitución de factores, lo que complica su tratamiento. Por su parte, los autoanticuerpos se desarrollan en sujetos sin defectos previos; son anticuerpos específicos contra un factor de la coagulación, afectando o no su función, alterando una o varias etapas de las vías de la coagulación. El caso que aquí se presenta es de un paciente masculino de 58 años, quien se presentó con sangrado espontáneo masivo y a quien se diagnosticó hemofilia adquirida por la presencia de autoanticuerpo específico del factor VIII.

AbstractA patient that presented with spontaneous hemorrhagic diathesis, with no apparent cause is presented. Hemorrhagic diathesis presents a wide range of diagnosis possibilities as of coagulation disorders are referred, in the context of a healthy patient with no previous major bleeding episodes and that debuts with massive hemorrhages. Acquired hemophilia, a little known disease, is one that must be considered.Acquired hemophilia is an uncommon hemostasis disorder characterized by the presence of acquired inhibitors of coagulation factors in the plasma of the sick patient. These acquired inhibitors, are antibodies that could be alloantibodies or autoantibodies. Alloantibodies are developed in patients who have coagulation factor deficiency, in response to factor replacement therapy, thus complicating treatment.On the other hand, autoantibodies are developed in people without previous defects and are specific against a factor of coagulation, affecting or not their function, obstructing one or several stages of the coagulation pathways. We report a case of acquired hemophilia due to an autoantibody against factor VIII in a 58 years old male patient with spontaneous massive bleeding.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To describe the experience with tranexamic acid (TXA) during the care of combat causalities treated in the Spanish military hospital based in Herat (Afghanistan) and to perform an analysis of the literature related to the military setting. MATERIAL AND METHODS: With the approval of the appropriate military institutions, an analysis was performed on the use of TXA in combat casualties treated between March and May 2014. Of the 745 patients seen, 10 were due to a firearm/explosive device (combat casualties). A descriptive analysis was performed on the data collected. Absolute and relative frequencies (%) were used for the categorical variables. For central tendency measurements, the arithmetic mean and standard deviation or the median and interquartile range was calculated. The data were obtained from the military records of patients treated in the Herat military hospital. RESULTS: All the patients in this series received TXA within the first 3 hours after the attack. The most frequent dose used was one gram i.v, with bleeding was controlled in 100% of cases. All the patients survived and none of them had secondary effects. These data agree with that recommended in the combat casualties treatment guide followed by military health in other countries in this setting. CONCLUSION: All combat casualties were treated with TXA within the first 3 hours. The most frequent dose used was one gram iv and bleeding was controlled in all cases. All the patients survived with no adverse effects being observed.

Asunto(s)