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In the complex and dynamic landscape of cyber threats, organizations require sophisticated strategies for managing Cybersecurity Operations Centers and deploying Security Information and Event Management systems. Our study enhances these strategies by integrating the precision of well-known biomimetic optimization algorithms-namely Particle Swarm Optimization, the Bat Algorithm, the Gray Wolf Optimizer, and the Orca Predator Algorithm-with the adaptability of Deep Q-Learning, a reinforcement learning technique that leverages deep neural networks to teach algorithms optimal actions through trial and error in complex environments. This hybrid methodology targets the efficient allocation and deployment of network intrusion detection sensors while balancing cost-effectiveness with essential network security imperatives. Comprehensive computational tests show that versions enhanced with Deep Q-Learning significantly outperform their native counterparts, especially in complex infrastructures. These results highlight the efficacy of integrating metaheuristics with reinforcement learning to tackle complex optimization challenges, underscoring Deep Q-Learning's potential to boost cybersecurity measures in rapidly evolving threat environments.

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El propósito de este artículo de actualización es brindar información de la epidemiología, etiología manifestaciones clínicas para un diagnóstico preciso, recomendaciones para solicitar exámenes de laboratorio y gabinete y finalmente el tratamiento sintomático con corticoides y cuando hacer uso de epinefrina o adrenalina. La laringotraqueítis es una infección respiratoria aguda desencadenada por una infección viral de la vía aérea superior que afecta al 3% de los niños de seis meses a tres años. Es responsable del 7% de las hospitalizaciones anuales por fiebre y/o enfermedad respiratoria aguda en niños (as) menores de 5 años. Es la causa más frecuente de obstrucción de la vía aérea superior, secundaria a la inflamación de la laringe, la tráquea y los bronquios que genera estridor respiratorio y tos perruna o de foca. En la mayoría de los casos, el agente causal de la enfermedad es el virus parainfluenza. Si bien, muchos niños experimentan fiebre de bajo grado, su presencia no es necesaria para el diagnóstico, el cual es esencialmente clínico y rara vez se necesitan exámenes de laboratorio y gabinete para este propósito. El cultivo viral y la prueba rápida para identificar antígenos, tienen mínimo impacto en el tratamiento y no se recomiendan de rutina. La radiografía y la laringoscopia deben reservarse cuando se sospechan diagnósticos alternativos. El tratamiento es sintomático con el uso habitual de corticoides y en ocasiones epinefrina o adrenalina. Una sola dosis de dexametasona oral, intramuscular o endovenosa mejora los síntomas y disminuye las visitas de retorno, readmisiones y la duración de hospitalización en niños con LT de cualquier gravedad. La adición de epinefrina nebulizada mejora los síntomas en niños con LT moderada o severa, disminuye el porcentaje de intubación y evita la insuficiencia respiratoria. La intervención oportuna al inicio de la enfermedad, disminuye la severidad de los síntomas, la atención médica en servicios de urgencia pediátrica y la internación hospitalaria.

The purpose of this update article is to provide information on the epidemiology, etiology, clinical manifestations for an accurate diagnosis, recommendations for requesting laboratory and cabinet tests, and finally symptomatic treatment with corticosteroids and when to use epinephrine or adrenaline. Laryngotracheitis (LT) is an acute respiratory infection triggered by a viral infection of the upper airway that affects 3% of children from six months to three years. It is responsible for 7% of annual hospitalizations for fever and / or acute respiratory illness in children under 5 years. It is the most frequent cause of obstruction of the upper airway, secondary to inflammation of the larynx, trachea and bronchi that causes respiratory stridor and barking cough. In most cases, the causative agent of the disease is the parainfluenza virus. While many children experience low-grade fever, their presence is not necessary for diagnosis, which is essentially clinical and laboratory and cabinet tests are rarely needed for this purpose. Viral culture and rapid test to identify antigens have minimal impact on treatment and are not recommended routinely. Radiography and laryngoscopy should be reserved when alternative diagnoses are suspected. The treatment is symptomatic with the usual use of corticosteroids and sometimes epinephrine or adrenaline. A single dose of oral, intramuscular or intravenous dexamethasone improves symptoms and decreases return visits, readmissions and length of hospitalization in children with LT of any severity. The addition of nebulized epinephrine improves symptoms in children with moderate or severe LT, decreases the percentage of intubation and prevents respiratory failure. Timely intervention at the onset of the disease, decreases the severity of symptoms, medical attention in pediatric emergency services and hospitalization.

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Abstract The aim of this paper is to present the development of a real-time measurement system for glucose in aqueous media. The proposed system incorporates two lines of research: i) design, synthesis, and implementation of a non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Copper nanoparticles (MWCNT-Cu) and ii) design and implementation of a machine learning algorithm based on an Artificial Neural Network Multilayer Perceptron (ANN-MLP), which is embedded in an ESP32 SoC (System on Chip). From the current data that is extracted in real-time during the oxidation-reduction process to which an aqueous medium is subjected, it feeds the algorithm embedded in the ESP32 SoC to estimate the glucose value. The experimental results show that the nanostructured sensor improves the resolution in the amperometric response by identifying an ideal place for data collection. For its part, the incorporation of the algorithm based on an ANN embedded in a SoC provides a level of 97.8 % accuracy in the measurements. It is concluded that incorporating machine learning algorithms embedded in low-cost SoC in complex experimental processes improves data manipulation, increases the reliability of results, and adds portability.

Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es presentar el desarrollo de un sistema de medición en tiempo real de glucosa en medios acuosos. El sistema que se implementa incorpora dos lineas de investigación: i) diseño, síntesis e implementación de un sensor electroquímico no enzimático de Nanotubos de Carbono de Pared Múltiple con nanopartículas de Cobre (NTCPM-Cu) y ii) diseño e implementación de un algoritmo de aprendizaje automático basado en una Red Neuronal Perceptrón Multicapa (RN-PM), embebido en un ESP32 SoC (Sistema en Chip). Un dato de corriente que se extrae en tiempo real durante el proceso de oxidación-reducción a la que se somete un medio acuoso, alimenta el algoritmo embebido en el ESP32 para estimar el valor de glucosa. De los resultados experimentales se demuestra que el sensor nanoestructurado mejora la resolución en la respuesta amperométrica al identificar un lugar ideal para la toma de datos. Por su parte, la incorporación del algoritmo basado en una RN embebido en SoC otorga un nivel de 97.8 % de exactitud en la mediciones. Se concluye que incorporar algoritmos de aprendizaje automático embebidos en SoC de bajo costo en procesos experimentales complejos, mejora la manipulación de datos, incrementa la confiabilidad en resultados y adiciona portabilidad.

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BACKGROUND: The Sense of Coherence (SOC) construct has been used worldwide in oral health research, but rigorous factor analyses of the scale are scarce. We aim to test the dimensional structure of the Brazilian short version of the SOC scale with 13 items. METHODS: This study is a secondary analysis of four independent cross-sectional Brazilian studies on oral health, using the 13-items SOC scale. Sample 1 was conducted on 1760 mothers and 1771 adolescents. Sample 2 comprised 1100 adults. Sample 3 had 720 adults and older individuals. Sample 4 comprised 664 adolescent students. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted on sample 1 to compare two models: 3-factor versus 1-factor. Because they were refuted, Exploratory Factor Analysis was implemented in samples 2 and 3. Modified models were tested in sample 4 using CFA. All analyses were conducted with MPlus version 7.11. RESULTS: CFA of sample 1 resulted in an unacceptable fit (RMSEA = 0.12;CFI = 0.78; TLI = 0.73; and WRMR = 3.28) for 1-factor model and 3-factor (RMSEA = 0.10; CFI = 0.87; TLI = 0.84; and WRMR = 2.50). The EFA on samples 2 and 3 showed, respectively, two eigenvalues greater than 1 (4.11 and 1.56) and (4.32 and 1.42), but the scale items soc1, soc2 and soc3 formed an uninterpretable second factor. Another CFA, using sample 4, showed acceptable model fit after removing those three items and also soc11 (RMSEA = 0.05; CFI = 0.98; TLI = 0.99; and WRMR = 0.71). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the SOC-13 scale needs further adjustments. The one-factor model with nine items showed a good statistical fit, but the implications of excluding items should be further investigated, considering the scale's content validity, cross-cultural adaptation and theoretical background.

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Cucurbita moschata D. seed oil contains approximately 75% unsaturated fatty acids, with high levels of monounsaturated fatty acids and antioxidant compounds such as vitamin E and carotenoids, constituting a promising food in nutritional terms. In addition, the Brazilian germplasm of C. moschata exhibits remarkable variability, representing an important source for the genetic breeding of this vegetable and other cucurbits. The present study evaluated the productivity and profile of the seed oil of 91C. moschata accessions from different regions of Brazil maintained in the Vegetable Germplasm Bank of the Federal University of Viçosa (BGH-UFV). A field experiment was conducted between January and July 2016. The accessions showed high genetic variability in terms of characteristics related to seed oil productivity (SOP), such as the weight of seeds per fruit and productivity of seeds, providing predicted selection gains of 29.39 g and 0.26 t ha-1, respectively. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic correlations, a greater SOP can be achieved while maintaining a high oleic acid concentration and low linoleic acid concentration, providing oil of better nutritional and chemical quality. In the variability analysis, the accessions were clustered into five groups, which had different averages for SOP and fatty acid concentration of seed oil, an approach that will guide the use of appropriate germplasm in programs aimed at genetic breeding for SOP and seed oil profile. Per se analysis identified BGH-4610, BGH-5485A, BGH-6590, BGH-5556A, BGH-5472A, and BGH-5544A as the most promising accessions in terms of SOP, with an average (µ + g) of approximately 0.20 t ha-1. The most promising accessions for a higher oleic acid concentration of seed oil were BGH-5456A, BGH-3333A, BGH-5361A, BGH-5472A, BGH-5544A, BGH-5453A, and BGH-1749, with an average (µ + g) of approximately 30%, almost all of which were also the most promising in terms of a lower linoleic acid concentration of the seed oil, with an average (µ + g) of approximately 45%. Part of the C. moschata accessions evaluated in the present study can serve as a promising resource in genetic breeding programs for SOP and fatty acid profile, aiming at the production of oil with better nutritional and physicochemical quality.

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The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the SOC-13 in Colombian adults. The SOC-13 questionnaire was administered to 489 individuals aged ≥18 years who were in lockdown from March to July 2020 in Nariño County, Colombia. Psychometric properties of the scale were examined using a cross-validation method via exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Additionally, configural and metric invariance were tested. To determine the internal consistency of the questionnaire, McDonald's omega (ω), Cronbach's alpha (α), and composite reliability (CR) coefficients were estimated. The EFA determined that a three-factor structure best fit the data (comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness) and CFA confirmed this three-factor model structure showing a good fit (χ2S-B = 188.530, χ2S-B/(62) = 3.615, p = 0.001; NNFI = 0.959; CFI = 0.968; RMSEA = 0.052 (90% CI [0.041-0.063]) and SRMR = 0.052).The invariance analysis indicated the same underlying theoretical structure between genders. Additionally, (ω), (α), and (CR) coefficients confirmed a high internal consistency of the instrument. The SOC-13 scale, reflecting comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness, is a reliable and valid tool for assessing the sense of coherence in Colombian populations.

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El sentido de coherencia se conforma por tres factores: comprensibilidad, manejabilidad y significatividad. En la investigación se analizó su estructura factorial a partir de la escala SOC-29 y su relación con de apego. Se plantearon tres hipótesis para valorar la confiabilidad, validez convergente y estructura factorial. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 445 participantes. El análisis estadístico se basó en técnicas descriptivas, alfa de Cronbach, correlación de Pearson y análisis factorial confirmatorio. Los resultados obtenidos aportan evidencias en favor de las hipótesis, con una consistencia interna de α=.82, una correlación significativa de apego r=.27 a .83 y un ajuste aceptable del modelo x²=1275.88, CFI=.85, RMSEA=.07 [.06-.07], SRMR=.04. Terminado el estudio, se ha destacado la importancia del cambio lingüístico realizado para adaptar la escala al contexto ecuatoriano; se mencionan dos limitaciones importantes referentes a su aplicación como autorrelato y la localización geográfica, a considerar para trabajos posteriores. (AU)

O senso de coerência é formado por três fatores: compreensibilidade, gerenciabilidade e significância. Na pesquisa, sua estrutura fatorial foi analisada por ser avaliada com a escala SOC-29 e sua relação com o apego. Três hipóteses foram propostas para avaliar confiabilidade, validade convergente e estrutura fatorial. A amostra foi composta por 445 participantes. A análise estatística foi baseada em técnicas descritivas, alfa de Cronbach, correlação de Pearson e análise fatorial confirmatória. Os resultados fornecem evidência para as hipóteses com uma consistência interna de α = 0,82, uma correlação significativa r = 0,27 a 0,83 e ajuste aceitável do modelo x² = 1275.88, CFI = 0,85, RMSEA = 0,07 [0,06-0,07], SRMR = 0,04. O artigo está terminado, enfatizando a importância da mudança linguística feita para adaptar a escala ao contexto equatoriano. Duas limitações importantes são mencionadas em relação à sua aplicação como autorrelato e localização geográfica, a serem levadas em conta para o trabalho subsequente. (AU)

The Sense of Coherence is formed by three factors: comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness. In this study, its factorial structure was analyzed through assessment with the SOC-29 scale and its relationship with attachment. Three hypotheses were proposed to assess the reliability, convergent validity and factorial structure, using a sample of 445 participants. Statistical analysis was based on descriptive techniques, Cronbach's alpha, Pearson's correlation and confirmatory factor analysis. The results obtained provide evidence in favor of the hypotheses, with an internal consistency of α=.82, a significant correlation with attachment r=.27 to .83 and an acceptable fit of the model x²=1275.88, CFI=.85, RMSEA=.07 [.06-.07], SRMR=.04. The study highlights the importance of the linguistic changes made to adapt the scale to the Ecuadorian context. Two important limitations are mentioned regarding its application as a self-report and the geographical location, which need to be taken into consideration in subsequent studies. (AU)

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Protecting soil fertility represents a fundamental effort of sustainable development. In this study we investigate how different altitudes affect soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and soil organic carbon (SOC), and their ratio, MBC/SOC in Hyperalic Alisol. MBC and SOC are well established and widely accepted microbial quotients in soil science. Our work hypothesis was that a decrease in MBC and SOC should be observed at higher altitudes. This initial assumption has been verified by our measurements, being attributed to the increase in MBC and SOC at low altitudes. Our approach should contribute to the better understanding of MBC and SOC distribution in soil and changes in MBC/SOC at various altitudes in the region.

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Based on international guidelines, the elaboration of national carbon (C) budgets in many countries has tended to set aside the capacity of grazing lands to sequester C as soil organic carbon (SOC). A widely applied simple method assumes a steady state for SOC stocks in grasslands and a long-term equilibrium between annual C gains and losses. This article presents a theoretical method based on the annual conversion of belowground biomass into SOC to include the capacity of grazing-land soils to sequester C in greenhouse gases (GHG) calculations. Average figures from both methods can be combined with land-use/land-cover data to reassess the net C sequestration of the rural sector from a country. The results of said method were validated with empirical values based on peer-reviewed literature that provided annual data on SOC sequestration. This methodology offers important differences over pre-existing GHG landscape approach calculation methods: •improves the estimation about the capacity of grazing-land soils to sequester C assuming these lands are not in a steady state and•counts C gains when considering that grazing lands are managed at low livestock densities.

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Resumen Introducción: El sentido de coherencia es una constructo de la salud que permite al individuo enfrentar las dificultades y situaciones difíciles de la vida. Está configurado por tres factores: significado, comprensión y manejo. Se ha propuesto como método de valoración de este constructo a la escala SOC con 29 ítems. Objetivo: En esta investigación se plantea como objetivo, proponer una escala SOC reducida. Métodos: Se trabajó con una muestra de 445 participantes saludables de Quito-Ecuador, 145 hombres (32.5%) y 300 mujeres (67.4%). Resultados: Se obtuvo que la escala reducida en 15 ítems presenta adecuada consistencia interna en sus tres factores: comprensión α=.74, manejo α=.82 y significado α=.82. En el análisis factorial confirmatorio se encontró un ajuste aceptable del modelo reducido (SOC-15) x 2=317.90, GL=87, p=<.001, CFI=.92, RMSEA=.07 (.06-.08) y SRMR=.04. Conclusiones: Se discuten los datos en relación a los beneficios de contar con una escala reducida para su futuro aplicación en el contexto clínico sanitario y científico.

Abstract Introduction: The sense of coherence is a construct of health that allows the individual to face difficult situations of life. It is configured by three factors: meaning, understanding and management. As a method of assessment of this construct, has been proposed the SOC scale with 29 items in its original version. Objective: The objective of this study is to propose a reduced SOC scale. Methods: We worked with a sample of 445 healthy participants from Quito-Ecuador, 145 men (32.5%) and 300 women (67.4%). Results: It was obtained that the reduced scale of 15 items presents an adequate internal consistency in its three factors: understanding α = .74, management α = .82 and meaning α = .82. In the confirmatory factor analysis, an acceptable adjustment of the reduced model was found (SOC-15) x 2 = 317.90, DF = 87, p = <. 001, CFI = .92, RMSEA = .07 (.06-.08) and SRMR = .04. Conclusions: The data is discussed in relation to the benefits of counting with a reduced scale for its future application in the clinical and health scientific context.

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Assuming a steady state between carbon (C) gains and losses, greenhouse gases (GHG) inventories that follow a widely used simplified procedure (IPCC Tier 1) tend to underestimate the capacity of soils in grazing-land to sequester C. In this study we compared the C balance reported by (i) national inventories that followed the simplified method (Tier 1) of IPCC (1996/2006), with (ii) an alternative estimation derived from the meta-analysis of science-based, peer-reviewed data. We used the global databases (i) EDGAR 4.2 to get data on GHG emissions due to land conversion and livestock/crop production, and (ii) HYDE 3.1 to obtain historical series on land-use/land cover (LULC). In terms of sequestration, our study was focused on C storage as soil organic carbon (SOC) in rural lands of four countries (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay) within the so-called MERCOSUR region. Supported by a large body of scientific evidence, we hypothesized that C gains and losses in grazing lands are not in balance and that C gains tend to be higher than C losses at low livestock densities. We applied a two-way procedure to test our hypothesis: i) a theoretical one based on the annual conversion of belowground biomass into SOC; and ii) an empirical one supported by peer-reviewed data on SOC sequestration. Average figures from both methods were combined with LULC data to reassess the net C balance in the study countries. Our results show that grazing lands generate C surpluses that could not only offset rural emissions, but could also partially or totally offset the emissions of non-rural sectors. The potential of grazing lands to sequester and store soil C should be reconsidered in order to improve assessments in future GHG inventory reports.

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The present dominant trend of retreating and shrinking glaciers is leading to the formation of new soil in proglacial zones. The Cordillera Blanca located in the Peruvian Andes includes the Lake Parón catchment known for the Artesonraju Glacier and its rapid retreat, forming the largest proglacial lake in the region. This work aims to gain knowledge of soil and vegetation development on the most representative proglacial landforms existing in the Parón catchment. Previous research in proglacial environments suggests that soil properties might indicate different ages of ice retreat besides the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), which is known to be a powerful tool for assessing vegetation development. In the area surrounding Lake Parón up to the glacier tongue, an altitudinal transect (4200-4700 m a.s.l.) was established for sampling topsoils. A total of 40 surface soil samples (0-3 cm) were collected from the main glacial landforms, moraines, colluvium, glacio-fluvial terraces and alluvial fans, developed after different stages of glacier retreat. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and SOC fractions (active and stable), total nitrogen (TN) and 137Cs were analysed. A multitemporal analysis of NDVI was performed to assess the vegetation dynamics in the Parón catchment and over the different glacial landforms over time (1987-2018). The NDVI increase in recent decades indicates an expansion of vegetation cover and density. We compared NDVI values with the SOC and TN content to assess the relationships with vegetation growth in mountain soils. NDVI and the distribution of SOC and TN content show a positive correlation between vegetation evolution and the enrichment in soil nutrients that are more abundant in older moraines in coincidence with highest NDVI. These results outline the effect of shrinking mountain glaciers on generating new soils in parallel with the growth of vegetation.

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The authors examined the mediation effect of the perceived motor ability (PMA) on the direct "effects" of age (third vs. fourth age) and residential status (institutionalized vs. communitarians) on selection, optimization, and compensation (SOC) strategies. With a non-probabilistic sample of 107 elders (Mdn = 80 years) from urban areas, and controlled for cognitive impairment and depression, the authors analysed the structural component of the path model with latent constructs that represents those relationships. This was made only after the structural validity of the constructs had been assured. Constructs were operationalized through the PMA questionnaire and a 16-item version of the SOC questionnaire. Only age had direct effects on the constructs: lower PMA and lower SOC of the elders in the fourth age. Authors also verified that the PMA mediation effect was partial.

Neste artigo examinou-se o "efeito" de mediação da capacidade motora percebida (CMP) nos efeitos diretos da idade (terceira vs. quarta idade) e do estatuto residencial (institucionalizados vs. comunitários) sobre estratégias de seleção, otimização e compensação (SOC). Com uma amostra não probabilística de 107 idosos (Mdn = 80 anos) residentes em meio urbano e controlados para demência e depressão, procedeu-se à análise da componente estrutural do modelo de trajetórias com construtos latentes que representa essas relações. Isto só foi feito depois de garantida a validade estrutural dos construtos, operacionalizados através do Questionário de CMP e de uma versão de 16 itens do Questionário SOC. Só a idade teve efeitos diretos sobre os construtos: menor CMP e menor SOC dos idosos na quarta idade. A CMP teve um efeito direto sobre as estratégias SOC: quanto menor CMP, menor SOC. Verificou-se, ainda, que o efeito de mediação da CMP foi parcial.

En este artículo se examinó el "efecto" de mediación de la capacidad motora percibida (CMP) en los efectos directos de la edad (tercera vs. cuarta edad) y del ámbito residencial (institucionalizados vs. comunitarios) sobre estrategias de selección, optimización y compensación (SOC). Con una muestra no probabilística de 107 ancianos (Mdn = 80 años) residentes en medio urbano y controlados para demencia y depresión, se procedió el análisis del componente estructural del modelo de trayectorias con constructos latentes que representan estas relaciones. Eso fue hecho después de garantizada la validez estructural de los constructos, operacionalizados a través del Cuestionario de CMP y de una versión de 16 ítems del Cuestionario SOC. Sólo la edad tuvo efectos directos sobre los constructos: menor CMP y menor SOC de los ancianos en la cuarta edad. La CMP tuvo un efecto directo sobre las estrategias SOC: cuanto menor CMP, menor SOC. Se verificó, aún, que el efecto de mediación de la CMP fue parcial.

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The authors examined the mediation effect of the perceived motor ability (PMA) on the direct "effects" of age (third vs. fourth age) and residential status (institutionalized vs. communitarians) on selection, optimization, and compensation (SOC) strategies. With a non-probabilistic sample of 107 elders (Mdn = 80 years) from urban areas, and controlled for cognitive impairment and depression, the authors analysed the structural component of the path model with latent constructs that represents those relationships. This was made only after the structural validity of the constructs had been assured. Constructs were operationalized through the PMA questionnaire and a 16-item version of the SOC questionnaire. Only age had direct effects on the constructs: lower PMA and lower SOC of the elders in the fourth age. Authors also verified that the PMA mediation effect was partial.(AU)

Neste artigo examinou-se o "efeito" de mediação da capacidade motora percebida (CMP) nos efeitos diretos da idade (terceira vs. quarta idade) e do estatuto residencial (institucionalizados vs. comunitários) sobre estratégias de seleção, otimização e compensação (SOC). Com uma amostra não probabilística de 107 idosos (Mdn = 80 anos) residentes em meio urbano e controlados para demência e depressão, procedeu-se à análise da componente estrutural do modelo de trajetórias com construtos latentes que representa essas relações. Isto só foi feito depois de garantida a validade estrutural dos construtos, operacionalizados através do Questionário de CMP e de uma versão de 16 itens do Questionário SOC. Só a idade teve efeitos diretos sobre os construtos: menor CMP e menor SOC dos idosos na quarta idade. A CMP teve um efeito direto sobre as estratégias SOC: quanto menor CMP, menor SOC. Verificou-se, ainda, que o efeito de mediação da CMP foi parcial.(AU)

En este artículo se examinó el "efecto" de mediación de la capacidad motora percibida (CMP) en los efectos directos de la edad (tercera vs. cuarta edad) y del ámbito residencial (institucionalizados vs. comunitarios) sobre estrategias de selección, optimización y compensación (SOC). Con una muestra no probabilística de 107 ancianos (Mdn = 80 años) residentes en medio urbano y controlados para demencia y depresión, se procedió el análisis del componente estructural del modelo de trayectorias con constructos latentes que representan estas relaciones. Eso fue hecho después de garantizada la validez estructural de los constructos, operacionalizados a través del Cuestionario de CMP y de una versión de 16 ítems del Cuestionario SOC. Sólo la edad tuvo efectos directos sobre los constructos: menor CMP y menor SOC de los ancianos en la cuarta edad. La CMP tuvo un efecto directo sobre las estrategias SOC: cuanto menor CMP, menor SOC. Se verificó, aún, que el efecto de mediación de la CMP fue parcial.(AU)

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The aim of this paper is to present the trans-cultural adaptation and reliability of the Sense of Coherence scale (SOC-13 from Antonovsky) into Portuguese language using a sample of mothers of preschool children. The originally validated scale demonstrated a low return percentage and high number of extreme answers when applied to mothers of preschool children selected by convenience sampling in Brazil. Adaptations were made through cognitive interviews and involved rewording items, the usage of five rather than seven alternatives and the insertion of middle anchoring phrases. Three independent samples took part in the study for the psychometric tests. These samples consisted of one group of 36 and another of 38 mothers selected by convenience, as well as an additional group of 546 mothers randomly selected from the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Instrument reliability was accessed by internal consistency, test-retest and item-to-total-score correlations with each of the three samples, respectively. Findings indicate that the adapted scale is comprehensible and obtained a greater response rate than the originally validated scale. Internal consistency increased from 0.67 for the original scale to 0.71 for the adapted scale. This value was extended to 0.80 in the test with the randomly selected sample. Medium weighted Kappa coefficients were 49.5 percent. The Spearman test demonstrated that the questions were correlated with total SOC scores. Results indicate that the adapted scale is valid and consistent for mothers of preschool children from different social classes.(AU)

O objetivo do presente estudo é apresentar a adaptação trans cultural e a confiabilidade da escala de Senso de Coerência (SOC-13 de Antonovsky) para a língua portuguesa em uma amostra de mães de crianças pré-escolares. A escala originalmente validada demonstrou um baixo percentual de resposta e um elevado número de respostas extremas quando aplicada a mães de crianças pré-escolares de uma amostra de conveniência na cidade de Belo Horizonte, Brasil. Com o auxílio de entrevistas cognitivas, foram feitas adaptações que envolveram a alteração de palavras, o uso de cinco opções de respostas ao invés de sete e a inserção de explicação por escrito para as respostas intermediárias. Três amostras independentes participaram do estudo para os testes psicométricos. Estas três amostras consistiram de um grupo de 36 e outro de 38 mães selecionadas por conveniência, e um terceiro grupo composto por 564 mães selecionadas aleatoriamente. A confiabilidade foi verificada através da consistência interna, teste-reteste e correlação intem-escore total, em cada uma das três amostras respectivamente. Os resultados indicam que a escala adaptada é consistente e obteve uma taxa de respostas superior à da escala originalmente validada. A consistência interna aumentou de 0,67 para 0,71 para a escala adaptada. Este valor aumentou para 0,80 no teste com a amostra aleatoriamente selecionada. Os coeficientes de Kappa ponderado atingiram valores médios de 49,5 por cento. A correlação de Spearman mostrou que todos os itens se correlacionaram com os escores totais de SOC. Os resultados indicam que a escala adaptada é válida e consistente para mães de crianças pré-escolares de diferentes classes sociais.(AU)

RESUMEN

Objetivo: describir las características y casuística de los accidentes en niños que consultan al Hospital del Niño "Ovidio Aliaga U". Diseño: Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo de serie de casos. Lugar: Hospital del Niño de la ciudad de La Paz, Bolivia. Centro estatal, de tercer nivel. Participantes: 422 niños menores de 10 años que consultaron al Hospital del Niño por motivo de un accidente. Mediciones del resultado principal: a todos los padres o tutores de los niños se les aplicó una entrevista donde se consignaron datos generales del paciente, antecedentes socioeconómicos de la familia, agentes etiológicos, tipos de lesiones, lugar de ocurrencia del accidente. Resultados: De 422 casos registrados, fueron varones el 55%, la edad promedio fue de 5.3 años. En el 84% de los casos el niño no se encontraba con sus padres y en un 56% se encontraba al cuidado de otro menor de edad. El 20% de los pacientes tenía antecedentes de accidentes previos en los últimos 6 meses. Las causas más comunes fueron: caídas 36%, quemaduras 20%, accidentes de tráfico 15.4%, envenenamientos 6% y mordeduras de animales 4.5%. Según el tipo de lesión producida fueron: heridas 31%, quemaduras 17%, fracturas 16% y el resto lesiones superficiales Conclusiones: los accidentes en niños constituyen una causa importante de consulta e internación a un hospital de tercer nivel. Es remarcable mencionar que existen factores de riesgo prevenibles como la ausencia de los padres en el momento del accidente, la disponibilidad de elementos inflamables en domicilio que favorecen las quemaduras. Por lo anterior consideramos importante la puesta en marcha de campañas educativas de prevención.

Objective: To describe the characteristics of accidents in children treated at the Dr. Ovidio Aliaga Uría Children´s Hospital Design: Descriptive, prospective study of a series of cases Participants: 422 children under 10 years of age that were treated at the Children's Hospital because of accidents. Study method: All parents and tutors were interviewed to obtain general information on the patient, family, social and economic background and details about the accident. Results: Out of 422 cases, 55% were male, average age 5.3 years. In 84% of all cases the child was not with his parents and 56 % were under the care of a minor. 20% of the patients had a history of previous accidents within the past 6 months. The most common accidents were: falls (36%), burns (20%), traffic accidents (15.4%), poisoning (6%) and animal bites (4,5%). The most common lesions were: wounds (31%), burns (17%), fractures (16%) and the rest were superficial lesions. Conclusions: Accidents are an important cause of consultation and admission at a third level hospital. It is important to mention that there are preventable risk factors, like the absence of parents, the presence of flammable objects in the home, leading to burns. In view of these facts we consider it important to educate the population in the prevention of home accidents.

RESUMEN

Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia y severidad de la deficiencia de hierro en diferentes grupos etáreos, mediante la determinación de los niveles de hemoglobina, además de observar su correlación clínica con la palidez palmar, de niños internados en un hospital pediátrico. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo prospectivo Lugar: Hospital de Niños Ovidio Aliaga Uría de la ciudad de La Paz Pacientes: 247 niños internados en diferentes servicios pediátricos. Métodos: Se registraron los valores de hemoglobina cuantificados al ingreso del paciente, la edad, sexo y correlación clínica con la palidez palmar. Resultados: Se encontró niveles de hemoglobina inferiores a 12 g/dL en más del 50% de los niños menores de cinco años, sobre todo en los lactantes y niveles mayores a 10 g/dL en la mayoría de ellos. La correlación con la palidez palmar fue adecuada, requiriendo mayor investigación.

Objectives: To determine the incidence and severity of iron deficiency in children of different age groups by identifying hemoglobin levels, and also to observe clinical co- relation to pale palms; patients were children admitted to a pediatric hospital. Pattern: Prospective descriptive study. Location: Ovidio Aliaga Uría Children's Hospital, La Paz, Bolivia. Patients: 247 children admitted to the hospital's different wards. Method: Hemoglobin levels were measured and registered upon admission of children to the hospital as well as age, sex and clinical co-relation to palm paleness. Results: Hemoglobin levels lower than 12g/dl were found in more than 50% of children under 5 years of age, particularly in nursing babies; levels higher than 10g/dl in the majority of them. The co- relation to palm paleness was adequate, requiring more investigation.

RESUMEN

Se presenta a un paciente de 7 años de edad que ingresa con cuadro de oclusión arterial desde arterial aorta abdominal hasta arterial iliacas. El síndrome Antifosfolípido se trata de una entidad bien establecida asociada a un incremento del riego trombotico en enfermedad inmuno reumatologica poco diferenciada. El mecanismo de la trombosis en complejo y multifactorial. Se trata de síndrome antifosfolído primario si no forma parte de ninguna enfermedad auto inmune, y secundaria cuando se asocia a alguna, particularmente Lupus Eritematoso Sistemico. La trombosis arterial o venosa puede ocurrir en cualquier territorio pero mas frecuentes en las extremidades. No hay consenso acerca de los requisitos para establecer el diagnostico de este síndrome, sin embargo se toma los criterios de Alarcón Segovia (1989). Según clasificación de Síndrome antifosfolípido asociado a trombosis, el tipo II involucra pacientes con arteriopatía coronaria o periférica. Las pruebas para detectar los anticuerpos antifosfolípidos son serologia para sífilis falsamente positiva, anticoagulante lúpico, anticuerpos anticardiolipina. Las bases para el tratamiento no están bien establecidas, las que presentan episodios de trombosis arterial o venosa el tratamiento anticoagulante se impone, sin embargo el riego de recurrencia es alto. Se han intentado también tratamiento con corticoides y inmunosupresores con alguna respuesta. Existen drogas de experimentación con resultados aun no bien establecidos.

Congenital hypothyroidism is one of the most frequent endocrinological disease in pediatrics and the most common cause of mental retardation. It is important the diagnosis thru the routine screening of neonatal TSH, because most of the newborn are asymptomatic. We describe an 11 day-old infant seen at the Hospital del Niño "Dr. Ovidio Aliaga Uría", the follow up for 5 months shows a good response to treatment. We emphasize the importance of the routine screening for the disease and the importance of the early treatment.