RESUMEN
Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in the world. Cancer may occur due to gene mutation. Rhaphidophora pinnata is a plant that has many benefits, especially in the leaves which have been used traditionally to treat cancer. The aim of this research is to test the antimutagenic activity of nanoparticles R. pinnata using the micronucleus method. The mice were induced with cyclophosphamide and then followed with the administration of nanoparticles of R. pinnata at the doses of 50, 100, 200 mg/kg for 7 days. The antimutagenic activity was evaluated at the decrease in the number of micronucleus in 200 polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) cells of mice bone marrow. The result showed that the reduction of amount of micronucleus in PCE of a negative control group, treatment groups, and normal group is 22.65%, 60.3%, 79.6%, 93.8%, and 100%. These results indicate that the antimutagenic activity of nanoparticle of R. pinnata increases proportionally as the doses were increased. It can be concluded that nanoparticles R. pinnata at the doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg have antimutagenic activity.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.f.) Schott is one of the Indonesian plants, has known as a medicinal plant. This plant is a vine; round stems have sticky roots and hanging roots. The leaves have been used as traditional anticancer in Singapore. Indonesian people have also used R. pinnata plants as a diuretic agent, anticancer and antibacterial. R. pinnata plants contain active substances from alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and triterpenoids/steroids. AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the organic and inorganic content of Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.f.) Schott water extract in the form of fresh leaves, micro simplicia and nano simplicia. METHOD: The collected R. pinnata leaves are drained and grinded to make micro, and nano Simplicia powder of R. pinnata leaves. The size characterisation of R. pinnata leaves was analysing using Particles Size Analyzer. The water extract of R. pinnata leaves, micro simplicia, and nano simplicia R. pinnata leaves was made 10% (w / v) in water. Phytochemical screening of nano simplicia and nano simplicia water extract included an examination of alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, and steroids/triterpenoids. Thin-layer chromatography analysis of water extract was analysed using TLC scanner. The element that contains in the water extract was analysed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry methods. RESULT: The results of phytochemical screening of nano simplicia powder and nano simplicia water extract showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and glycosides. Eluent, which shows good elution is n-butanol: acetic acid: water (6: 2: 2). This eluent is used to elute polar and semipolar compounds and is very good for separating flavonoids. R. pinnata water extract contains the minerals potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium. CONCLUSION: R. pinnata water extract contains organic compounds in the form of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and glycosides. The nano simplicia water extract showed more chemical content than other water extracts on the TLC plate by detection at a wavelength of 250 nm and 300 nm. The most element content in R. pinnata water extract is potassium, followed by magnesium, sodium, and calcium.
RESUMEN
Rhaphidophora pinnata is suggested to prevent or treat cancer of genetic mutations. In this study, antimutagenic activity of an ethanol extract of Rhaphidophora pinnata leaves was evaluated by using a bone marrow micronucleus assay on mice. Male mice (20-30 g) were treated for sevendays with an ethanol extract of Rhaphidophora pinnata leaves at a dose of 500, 750 and 1000 mg/kg/day/orally, prior to exposure to cyclophosphamide (i.p. 30 mg/kg), 24 h after the end of the treatment. Antimutagenic activity was determined by the decrease of micronuclei (MN). The results showed that a single administration of all variant doses of the extract had significantly decreased the micronucleus formation in bone marrow cell of mice as compared to the cyclophosphamide group. The ethanol extract of Rhaphidophora pinnata leaves had antimutagenic activity against cyclophosphamide-induced gene mutation.