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Objective: The current study aimed to develop and validate of human dignity questionnaire in nursing care. Methods: The present research is a sequential exploratory mixed method study. The questionnaire was developed and validated in three phases: (1) the concept of human dignity was defined through conventional content analysis qualitative approach, (2) early items of questionnaire was generated according to findings of the first phase, (3) validation of the questionnaire was evaluated using face, content and construct validity as well as reliability. The study was conducted with the participation of 13 nurses in the qualitative section and 203 nurses in the quantitative section in teaching hospitals affiliated to Jahrom University of Medical Sciences (Iran). Results: In the qualitative section, the definition and dimensions of the concept of human dignity in nursing care were discovered. In the quantitative section, the initial pool of items for the questionnaire of human dignity in nursing care was formed using the results of the qualitative section of the study and review of texts and related questionnaires. In factor analysis, four subscales including: respectful communication, equality of patient human value, preservation of privacy and patient-centered care were extracted by Eigen value above one. Internal consistency and stability of the questionnaire were calculated as 0.85 and 0.80, respectively, indicating an excellent reliability. Conclusion: The 20-item developed questionnaire is valid and reliable for measurement of human dignity questionnaire in nursing cares.

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Objective.The current study aimed to develop and validate of human dignity questionnaire in nursing care. Methods. The present research is a sequential exploratory mixed method study. The questionnaire was developed and validated in three phases: (1) the concept of human dignity was defined through conventional content analysis qualitative approach, (2) early items of questionnaire was generated according to findings of the first phase, (3) validation of the questionnaire was evaluated using face, content and construct validity as well as reliability. The study was conducted with the participation of 13 nurses in the qualitative section and 203 nurses in the quantitative section in teaching hospitals affiliated to Jahrom University of Medical Sciences (Iran). Results. In the qualitative section, the definition and dimensions of the concept of human dignity in nursing care were discovered. In the quantitative section, the initial pool of items for the questionnaire of human dignity in nursing care was formed using the results of the qualitative section of the study and review of texts and related questionnaires. In factor analysis, four subscales including: respectful communication, equality of patient human value, preservation of privacy and patient-centered care were extracted by Eigen value above one. Internal consistency and stability of the questionnaire were calculated as 0.85 and 0.80, respectively, indicating an excellent reliability. Conclusions. The 20-item developed questionnaire is valid and reliable for measurement of human dignity questionnaire in nursing cares.

Objetivo. Elaborar y validar un cuestionario sobre la dignidad humana en los cuidados de enfermería. Métodos. Estudio exploratorio secuencial de método mixto. El cuestionario se desarrolló y validó en tres fases: (1) se definió el concepto de dignidad humana mediante un enfoque cualitativo de análisis de contenido convencional, (2) se generaron los primeros ítems del cuestionario de acuerdo con los resultados de la primera fase, (3) se evaluó la validación del cuestionario mediante la validez facial, de contenido y de constructo, así como la fiabilidad. El estudio se llevó a cabo con la participación de 13 enfermeras en la sección cualitativa y 203 enfermeras en la sección cuantitativa en hospitales docentes afiliados a la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Jahrom (Irán). Resultados. En la fase cualitativa emergieron las dimensiones del concepto de dignidad humana en los cuidados de enfermería. En la sección cuantitativa, el grupo inicial de ítems para el cuestionario de dignidad humana en los cuidados de enfermería se formó utilizando los resultados de la sección cualitativa y de la revisión instrumentos relacionados. En el análisis factorial, se extrajeron cuatro subescalas con un valor Eigen superior a uno: comunicación respetuosa, igualdad del valor humano del paciente, preservación de la intimidad y cuidados centrados en el paciente, consistencia interna y la estabilidad del cuestionario se calcularon en 0.85 y 0.80, respectivamente, lo que indica una excelente fiabilidad. Conclusión.El cuestionario de 20 ítems desarrollado es válido y fiable para medir la dignidad humana en los cuidados de enfermería.

Objectivo. Desenvolver e validar um questionário sobre a dignidade humana nos cuidados de enfermagem. Métodos. Estudo exploratório sequencial misto de métodos exploratórios. O questionário foi desenvolvido e validado em três fases: (1) o conceito de dignidade humana foi definido utilizando uma abordagem de análise de conteúdo qualitativa convencional, (2) os primeiros itens do questionário foram gerados com base nos resultados da primeira fase, (3) a validação do questionário foi avaliada através da validade de face, de conteúdo e de construção, bem como da fiabilidade. O estudo foi realizado com a participação de 13 enfermeiros na secção qualitativa e 203 enfermeiros na secção quantitativa em hospitais universitários filiados na Universidade de Ciências Médicas de Jahrom (Irão). Resultados. Na fase qualitativa, emergiram as dimensões do conceito de dignidade humana nos cuidados de enfermagem. Na secção quantitativa, o conjunto inicial de itens para o questionário sobre a dignidade humana nos cuidados de enfermagem foi formado utilizando os resultados da secção qualitativa e a revisão de instrumentos relacionados. Na análise fatorial, foram extraídas quatro subescalas com um valor Eigen superior a 1: comunicação respeitosa, igual valor humano do doente, preservação da privacidade e cuidados centrados no doente. A consistência interna e a estabilidade do questionário foram calculadas em 0.85 e 0.80, respetivamente, indicando uma excelente fiabilidade. Conclusão. O questionário de 20 itens desenvolvido é válido e fiável para medir a dignidade humana nos cuidados de enfermagem.

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Resumen (analítico) En Colombia no existen estudios consolidados que muestren la existencia de conductas prosociales y menos indicadores que reflejen cómo estas conductas pueden influir en la reducción de los comportamientos agresivos. Lo que sí se sabe por estudios previos es que las conductas de naturaleza altruista parecen incompatibles con la agresividad. El artículo recoge los resultados de una investigación que describe las conductas prosociales de los niños de este contexto. El estudio de tipo transversal se realizó con 587 niños entre los 9 y 12 años. Los resultados evidencian niveles elevados de prosocialidad y diferencias significativas a favor de las niñas en casi todas las dimensiones evaluadas. Con la presencia de estos comportamientos se puede inferir que la prosocialidad representa un activo muy importante para prevenir manifestaciones agresivas en las escuelas.

Abstract (analytical) In Colombia there are no consolidated studies that evidence the existence of prosocial behavior. There are very few indicators that measure how these behaviors can help reduce levels of aggression and violence. What is known from previous studies is that altruistic behaviors seem incompatible with aggression. This article summarizes the results of an investigation that describes the prosocial behaviors of children in the Colombian context. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 587 children between 9 and 12 years of age. The results show high levels of prosocial behavior among girls and significant differences among members of this gender group in almost all of the dimensions that were evaluated. Based on these results, it can be inferred that prosocial behavior represents a very important asset that helps prevent acts of aggression in schools.

Resumo (analítico) Na Colômbia, não existem estudos consolidados que mostrem a existência de comportamentos pró-sociais e poucos indicadores que reflitam como esses comportamentos podem influenciar na redução de comportamentos agressivos. O que se sabe de estudos anteriores é que comportamentos de natureza altruísta parecem incompatíveis com a agressividade. O artigo recolhe os resultados de uma investigação que descreve os comportamentos pró-sociais de crianças neste contexto. O estudo transversal foi realizado com 587 crianças entre 9 e 12 anos de idade. Os resultados mostram altos níveis de pró-socialidade e diferenças significativas a favor das meninas em quase todas as dimensões avaliadas. Com a presença desses comportamentos, pode-se inferir que a pró-socialidade representa um recurso muito importante para prevenir manifestações agressivas nas escolas.

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BACKGROUND: Respect is essential to providing high quality healthcare, particularly for groups that are historically marginalized and stigmatized. While ethical principles taught to health professionals focus on patient autonomy as the object of respect for persons, limited studies explore patients' views of respect. The purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives of a multiculturally diverse group of low-income women living with HIV (WLH) regarding their experience of respect from their medical physicians. METHODS: We analyzed 57 semi-structured interviews conducted at HIV case management sites in South Florida as part of a larger qualitative study that explored practices facilitating retention and adherence in care. Women were eligible to participate if they identified as African American (n = 28), Hispanic/Latina (n = 22), or Haitian (n = 7). They were asked to describe instances when they were treated with respect by their medical physicians. Interviews were conducted by a fluent research interviewer in either English, Spanish, or Haitian Creole, depending on participant's language preference. Transcripts were translated, back-translated and reviewed in entirety for any statements or comments about "respect." After independent coding by 3 investigators, we used a consensual thematic analysis approach to determine themes. RESULTS: Results from this study grouped into two overarching classifications: respect manifested in physicians' orientation towards the patient (i.e., interpersonal behaviors in interactions) and respect in medical professionalism (i.e., clinic procedures and practices). Four main themes emerged regarding respect in provider's orientation towards the patient: being treated as a person, treated as an equal, treated without blame or prejudice, and treated with concern/emotional support. Two main themes emerged regarding respect as evidenced in medical professionalism: physician availability and considerations of privacy. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest a more robust conception of what 'respect for persons' entails in medical ethics for a diverse group of low-income women living with HIV. Findings have implications for broadening areas of focus of future bioethics education, training, and research to include components of interpersonal relationship development, communication, and clinic procedures. We suggest these areas of training may increase respectful medical care experiences and potentially serve to influence persistent and known social and structural determinants of health through provider interactions and health care delivery.

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OBJECTIVE: To adapt the Scale of Perception of Respect for and Maintenance of the Dignity of the Inpatient (CuPDPH) to the Brazilian language and culture and to assess its psychometric properties. RESULTS: The scale was evaluated by 15 experts, and 239 patients from three tertiary hospitals in Rio de Janeiro. All participants signed a consent form. Data have shown adequacy of the model (KMO=0.839, Bartlett's test of sphericity: χ2(171) = 2241.3, p = 0.000010), good adjusted content validity (CVCa ≥ 0.90), internal consistency and reliability, such as α = 0.927. DISCUSSION: CuPDPH is a rating scale on observable professional attitudes. Illnesses change lives and impose adaptation to a new situation, perceived as depersonalization, leading patients to try to regain control of their lives. Patients expressed "ill will" to fill out the scale. Psychiatric patients' scale filling time was higher than others. A sample from three Rio de Janeiro third-level hospitals may not reflect the country's population; also, this adaptation may not comprise all linguistic variations of Brazilian Portuguese and Portuguese-speaking countries. CONCLUSION: The Portuguese version of the Scale of Perception of Respect for and Maintenance of the Dignity of the Inpatient (CuPDPH), a 19-item, six-component version is a reliable instrument to measure the perception of internal medicine, surgical, and psychiatric patients on the maintenance of their dignity in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This knowledge could be used in advancing research on patients' perception of dignity, as well as professional ethical competencies, staff-patient relationship skills, and leadership development in medical and other healthcare professional education.

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Family honour, protecting and upholding the family name, is central to familism. Yet, it has been somewhat neglected by scholarship on Latin American and Latino families. Familism involves prioritising the family over the individual. Likewise, the family of origin holds particular significance, offering material, social and emotional support, and shaping one's identity, honour and sense of belonging. Heteronormativity and patriarchy portray queer individuals as the causes of family shame. This study examined how family honour, as a component of familism, operates within kin dynamics, specifically focusing on same-sex cohabitation, as this living arrangement serves as a tangible expression of a non-normative sexual orientation. A life course perspective was used to study 24 cases of cohabiting lesbian, gay and bi/pansexual individuals in Chile. The results show the enduring significance of families in providing support, sociability, identity, and a sense of belonging. Nevertheless, it reveals notable instances of family rejection towards queer kin. In Chile, both families of origin and queer individuals employ subtle strategies to conceal their queerness, guided by notions of 'respect' associated with family honour and decency. These strategies involve unspoken agreements to maintain family bonds through discreet displays of queer behaviour without explicit acknowledgement of sexual identity.

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Abstract Objective To adapt the Scale of Perception of Respect for and Maintenance of the Dignity of the Inpatient (CuPDPH) to the Brazilian language and culture and to assess its psychometric properties. Results The scale was evaluated by 15 experts, and 239 patients from three tertiary hospitals in Rio de Janeiro. All participants signed a consent form. Data have shown adequacy of the model (KMO=0.839, Bartlett's test of sphericity: χ2(171) = 2241.3, p = 0.000010), good adjusted content validity (CVCa ≥ 0.90), internal consistency and reliability, such as α = 0.927. Discussion CuPDPH is a rating scale on observable professional attitudes. Illnesses change lives and impose adaptation to a new situation, perceived as depersonalization, leading patients to try to regain control of their lives. Patients expressed "ill will" to fill out the scale. Psychiatric patients' scale filling time was higher than others. A sample from three Rio de Janeiro third-level hospitals may not reflect the country's population; also, this adaptation may not comprise all linguistic variations of Brazilian Portuguese and Portuguese-speaking countries. Conclusion The Portuguese version of the Scale of Perception of Respect for and Maintenance of the Dignity of the Inpatient (CuPDPH), a 19-item, six-component version is a reliable instrument to measure the perception of internal medicine, surgical, and psychiatric patients on the maintenance of their dignity in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This knowledge could be used in advancing research on patients' perception of dignity, as well as professional ethical competencies, staff-patient relationship skills, and leadership development in medical and other healthcare professional education.

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This paper explores the ethical considerations surrounding research on echinoderms, a group of invertebrates that has recently garnered attention in the scientific community. The importance of responsible animal handling and the need for an ethical framework that encompasses echinoderms are emphasized. The 3Rs principle, advocating for the replacement of conscious living vertebrates with non-sentient material in research, is discussed as a guiding tool in current animal research practices. As invertebrates are generally classified as non-sentient animals, the replacement dimension tends to favor them as prevalent models in experimental research. While it currently lacks the means to assess the mental states of invertebrates, there is undeniable evidence of social behavior in many species, suggesting that a lack of interactions with these organisms could potentially adversely affect their wellbeing. In the last few years, considerable progress has been made in developing an ethical framework that takes invertebrates into account, particularly cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms. In this context, we discuss the development of a broader conceptual framework of 5Rs that includes responsibility and respect, which may guide practices ensuring welfare in echinoderms, even in the absence of any particular normative.

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La salud y la atención de las personas enfermas implican no solo aspectos de diagnósticos y tratamientos médicos; por el contrario, encierran un conjunto de aspectos que están intrínsecamente vinculados (o deberían estarlo) aun cuando aparentemente no sean visibilizados con facilidad. La salud de las personas involucra las perspectivas de respeto a la dignidad de las personas, el ejercicio de sus derechos, y el desempeño ético de los protagonistas (los que atienden y los atendidos), que no deben ser dejadas de lado en el momento real que sucede cada atención de salud.

SUMMARY Health and care for sick people involve not only aspects of medical diagnosis and treatment; on the contrary, it contains a set of aspects that are intrinsically linked (or should be) even though they are apparently not easily visible. The health of the people involves the perspectives of respect for the dignity of the people, the exercise of their rights, and the ethical performance of the protagonists (those who attend and those attended), which should not be left aside in the real moment. that happens every health care.

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La forma como el clínico percibe al paciente y sus conocimientos sobre el consentimiento informado (CI) se reflejan en prácticas de respeto hacia el paciente, con relación a su autonomía y privacidad, desde un marco ético, deontológico y legal. El objetivo fue analizar las percepciones y prácticas de cirujanos en relación con el respeto de la autonomía del paciente durante el proceso de toma del CI en un hospital de la ciudad de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador. Metodología Cualitativa. La muestra fue por saturación, aplicando una entrevista semiestructurada. Los datos se analizaron por medio del programa Atlas Ti 8.0®, utilizando rastreo de categorías estructuradas. La mayoría de los médicos asume el consentimiento como un documento legal y obligatorio, por el miedo a procesos sancionatorios. Además, suele delegar su responsabilidad a otros profesionales, desconociendo componentes estructurales y éticos de la toma del consentimiento informado. Concluimos que la falta de conocimiento sobre CI lleva a percepciones y, por ende, a prácticas que vulneran la autonomía y la confidencialidad, además del respeto de recibir la información por parte del clínico que realiza la intervención.

The way in which the clinician perceives the patient and his knowledge about informed consent (IC) are reflected in practices of respect for the patient, in relation to their autonomy and privacy from an ethical, deontological and legal framework. Objective. Analyze the perceptions and practices by surgeons in relation to the respect of the autonomy of the patient during the process of taking the IC in a hospital in the city of de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas / Ecuador. Methodology. Cualitattivo. The sample was by saturation applying a semi-structured interview. The data were analyzed using the Atlas Ti 8.0 ® program using structured category tracking. Result. Most doctors take consent as a legal and mandatory document, for fear of sanctioning processes. In addition, they usually delegate their responsibility to other professionals ignoring structural and ethical components of taking informed consent. Conclusion. It is evident that the lack of knowledge about IQ leads to perceptions, and therefore, to practices that violate autonomy and confidentiality, in addition to the respect of receiving information from the clinician who performed the intervention.

A forma como o médico percebe o paciente e seus conhecimentos sobre o consentimento informado (IC) se refletem nas práticas de respeito ao paciente, em relação à sua autonomia e privacidade a partir de um arcabouço ético, deontológico e jurídico. Objetivo. Analise as percepções e práticas dos cirurgiões em relação ao respeito à autonomia do paciente durante o processo de tomada do IC em um hospital na cidade de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas/Equador. Metodologia. Qualitativo. A amostra foi por saturação aplicando uma entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram analisados utilizandose o programa Atlas Ti 8.0 ® utilizando rastreamento estruturado de categorias. Resultado. A maioria dos médicos toma o consentimento como documento legal e obrigatório, por medo de sancionar processos. Além disso, eles geralmente delegem sua responsabilidade a outros profissionais ignorando componentes estruturais e éticos de obter consentimento informado. Conclusão. É evidente que a falta de conhecimento sobre o QI leva a percepções e, portanto, a práticas que violam autonomia e confidencialidade, além do respeito ao recebimento de informações do médico que realizou a intervenção.

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INTRODUCCIÓN: El Buen Trato es una forma de relación entre profesionales y usuarios del sistema de salud, basada en un profundo respeto y valoración de la dignidad de la persona. Objetivo: Describir el proceso de diseño y validación de la Herramienta de auto instrucción para el Buen Trato en el encuentro clínico. MÉTODO: Estudio de métodos mixtos basado en el análisis de contenido propuesto por Kyngas sobre una muestra de docentes clínicos y estudiantes de pregrado, revisión sistemática de la literatura científica y el consenso y opinión de expertos nacionales en educación en salud. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante grupos focales y encuestas. RESULTADOS: Se construyó una Herramienta de autoevaluación del Buen Trato (HBT) durante el encuentro/atención clínica formada por tres instrumentos: a) Pauta de Autoevaluación; b) Lista de acciones relacionadas con las dimensiones del Buen Trato en el encuentro clínico y c) Pauta para la elaboración de un Plan Personal de mejora y seguimiento. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados muestran que el Buen Trato requiere profesionales responsables de su quehacer, que hayan alcanzado las competencias para brindar una atención de salud respetuosa. La HBT puede entenderse como una propuesta de mejoramiento continuo en la formación clínica de estudiantes y profesionales de la salud.

INTRODUCTION: Respectful care is a relationship between professionals and patients based on deep respect and assessment of the person's dignity. Aim: Describe the design and validation process of the auto-instruction tool for Respectful Care in healthcare. METHOD: A mixed methods study based on the content analysis proposed by Kyngäs was conducted with a sample of clinical teachers and undergraduate students, a systematic review ofscientific literature, and the consensus and opinion of national experts in health education. The data were obtained through focus groups and surveys. RESULTS: A Respectful Care self-instruction tool was built by three instruments: a) assessment guideline; b) a List of actions related to the dimensions of respectful care and health care, and c) a Modelfor elaborating a personal improvement and monitoring plan. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that Respectful care requires professionals responsible for their work who have achieved competencies to provide respectful health care. In that sense, HBT can be understood as a proposalfor continuous improvement in the clinical training of students and health professionals.

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El trato digno, igualitario e inclusivo se ha constituido en un fenómeno de estudio en el contexto de la atención sanitaria, pero su abordaje es aún limitado frente al desconocimiento respecto al tema por parte del equipo de salud hacia las personas de la comunidad de la diversidad sexual, hoy conocida con la sigla que les representa como LGBTIQA+, quienes están inmersos fundamentalmente, en una sociedad heteronormada, donde la formación profesional con enfoque de género y diversidad sexual es aún limitada. El objetivo de la argumentación del escrito es presentar algunas referencias conceptuales, derechos legales, consecuencias para la salud que fundamentan una propuesta para el cambio de las instituciones de salud y de las enfermeras y enfermeros que iluminen el derecho de las personas de esta comunidad a recibir un trato digno.

Dignified, equal and inclusive treatment has become a study phenomenon in the context of health care, but its approach is still limited due to the lack of knowledge on the subject by the health team towards people from the diversity sexual, today known by the acronym that represents them as LGBTIQA+, who are fundamentally immersed in a heteronormative society, where professional training with a gender and sexual diversity approach is still limited. The objective of the argumentation of the writing is to present some conceptual references, legal rights, health consequences that support a proposal for the change of the health institutions and of the nurses that illuminate the right of people in this community to receive a decent deal.

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ABSTRACT Objective: to discuss the process of allowing blood donation by the LGBTQIAP+ community by the Federal Supreme Court in contrast to the Legislation of the Regulatory Agency for Blood and Blood Components. Method: this is a reflective study, considering the principles and concepts of Pierre Bourdieu's symbolic capital as a theoretical-methodological framework. Analysis was carried out in documents that dealt with the permission of blood donation by gay and bisexual men, such as bills, FSC decisions and media materials relevant to the proposed theme. Results: we argue that two historical events were decisive for the vote on the act of unconstitutionality by the Federal Supreme Court: the mobilization of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender social movements and the coronavirus pandemic. Conclusion: validation of the right to blood donation contributes to the exercise of citizenship of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people.

RESUMEN Objetivo: discutir el proceso de autorización de la donación de sangre por parte de la comunidad LGBTQIAP+ por parte del Supremo Tribunal Federal en contraste con la Legislación de la Agencia Reguladora de Sangre y Hemoderivados. Método: estudio reflexivo, considerando los principios y conceptos del capital simbólico de Pierre Bourdieu como marco teórico-metodológico. El análisis se llevó a cabo en los documentos que trataban sobre el permiso de donación de sangre por parte de hombres homosexuales y bisexuales, como proyectos de ley, decisiones del STF y materiales de prensa relevantes para el tema propuesto. Resultados: argumentamos que dos hechos históricos fueron decisivos para la votación del acto de inconstitucionalidad por parte del Supremo Tribunal Federal: la movilización de los movimientos sociales de lesbianas, gays, bisexuales y transexuales y la pandemia del coronavirus. Conclusión: la validación del derecho a la donación de sangre contribuye al ejercicio de la ciudadanía de las personas lesbianas, gays, bisexuales y transgénero.

RESUMO Objetivo: discutir o processo de permissão da doação de sangue pela comunidade LGBTQIAP+ pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal em contraponto à Legislação da Agência Reguladora de Sangue e Hemoderivados. Método: estudo do tipo reflexivo, considerando os princípios e conceitos do capital simbólico de Pierre Bourdieu como referencial teórico-metodológico. A análise foi realizada nos documentos que tratavam da permissão da doação de sangue por homens gays e bissexuais tais como: projetos de lei, decisões do STF e materiais de mídias pertinentes ao tema proposto. Resultados: argumentamos que dois eventos históricos foram decisivos para a votação do ato de inconstitucionalidade pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal: a mobilização dos movimentos sociais de Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais e Transgênero e a Pandemia de Coronavírus. Conclusão: a validação do direito à doação de sangue contribui para o exercício da cidadania das pessoas Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais e Transgênero.

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RESUMO O presente ensaio teve como objeto de estudo a luta das prostitutas brasileiras pelo reconhecimento do trabalho sexual como profissão. Utilizando revisão bibliográfica, apresenta a formação do Movimento das Prostitutas no Brasil e suas reivindicações, busca definir o que é trabalho sexual e, ao final, discorre sobre o percurso dessas reivindicações no Poder Legislativo. Conclui-se que os entraves ao reconhecimento da profissão pelo Estado brasileiro estão relacionados com o estigma que marca as trabalhadoras do sexo.

ABSTRACT This essay aimed to study the struggle of Brazilian prostitutes for the recognition of sexual work as a profession. Through a bibliographic review, it presents the establishment of the Brazilian Prostitutes Movement and its claims, seeks to define sex work, and, finally, shows the trajectory of their claims in the Legislative Branch. It concluded that the obstacles to the recognition of the profession by the Brazilian State are related to the stigma that marks sex workers.

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BACKGROUND: A work that dignifies, that is adequately rewarded and is carried out with social protection is considered decent by the International Labor Organization. AIM: To describe and understand the different dimensions of the dignity of medical work from the perspective of Chilean male and female doctors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From a qualitative approach, the first stage of the study consisted in the application of an open response survey which was answered by doctors from all over the country. The second stage consisted in discussion instances about dignity of medical work. In the third stage, semi-structured in-depth interviews with doctors of both sexes and of different generations were conducted. The analysis of the data was carried out following the approaches of the Grounded Theory. RESULTS: The concept of dignity of medical work arises from a historical process of social conquest and implies the recognition of the rights of professionals and patients. Optimal conditions are required to provide quality health care. However, even in unworthy conditions, doctors do everything possible to provide a decent care. The need to humanize the relationships that occur in the context of health care is proposed. Carrying out medical work with excellence and professionalism contributes to personal fulfillment. Associativity contributes to dignify medical work. CONCLUSIONS: The dignity of medical work is understood by doctors as a polysemic and relational concept.

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Objetivo: identificar consensos e divergências nas representações sociais sobre dignidade de estudantes de enfermagem e enfermeiros. Método: estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido com o suporte da teoria das representações sociais por meio de sua abordagem estrutural. Os dados foram coletados por um questionário numa plataforma Google Forms®, respondido por 47 enfermeiros e 214 estudantes de uma Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Portugal. O estudo foi aprovado pela comissão de ética. Resultados: o respeito emergiu como termo central em ambos os grupos como duas dimensões semânticas: conceitual e relacional. Esta, vinculada às práticas de cuidado, foi mais forte no grupo de enfermeiros, que incluiu também a ideia de humanitude. Conclusões: os resultados sugerem que as vivências profissionais e as reflexões sobre as práticas de cuidado, oportunizadas ao grupo de enfermeiros, ampliaram e matizaram as representações da dignidade, acentuando aspectos relacionais, o que pode repercutir na qualidade das práticas profissionais.

Objective: to identify consensus and divergence in the social representations about the dignity of nursing students and nurses. Method: this qualitative, descriptive study was conducted with the support of the structural approach of social representation theory. Data were collected using a questionnaire on the Google Forms® platform, which was answered by 47 nurses and 214 students from a Nursing School in Portugal. The study was approved by the ethics committee. Results: respect emerged as a central term in both the groups as two semantic dimensions: one conceptual and the other relational. The latter, in connection with care practices, was stronger in the group of nurses, who also included the idea of humanity. Conclusions: the results suggest that professional experiences of, and thinking about, care practices afforded to the group of nurses, expanded and nuanced their representations of dignity, emphasizing relational aspects, which can have repercussions on the quality of professional practice.

Objetivo: identificar consensos y divergencias en las representaciones sociales sobre la dignidad de los estudiantes de enfermería y enfermeros. Método: estudio descriptivo, con enfoque cualitativo, desarrollado con el apoyo de la teoría de las representaciones sociales a través de su enfoque estructural. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de un cuestionario en la plataforma Google Forms®, respondido por 47 enfermeros y 214 estudiantes de una Escuela de Enfermería en Portugal. El estudio fue aprobado por el comité de ética. Resultados: el respeto surgió como término central en ambos grupos como dos dimensiones semánticas: conceptual y relacional. Esto, ligado a las prácticas de cuidado, fue más fuerte en el grupo de enfermeros, que también incluía la idea de humanitud. Conclusiones: los resultados sugieren que las experiencias profesionales y las reflexiones sobre las prácticas de cuidado, proporcionadas al grupo de enfermeros, ampliaron y matizaron las representaciones de la dignidad, enfatizando aspectos relacionales, que pueden repercutir en la calidad de las prácticas profesionales.

RESUMEN

Objetivo: Analizar los factores que contribuyen en la percepción de la humanización del cuidado de niñas, niños y adolescentes hospitalizados. Material y Método: Se realizó una revisión integrativa de literatura entre los años 2016 y 2021, utilizando las bases de datos de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud. Para la búsqueda y selección de artículos se utilizó la metodología de Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). La muestra quedó conformada por 20 artículos. La calidad de los artículos se evaluó a través de las guías: Metodología e Investigación en Cirugía (MINCIR) para estudios observacionales descriptivos y Programa de Habilidades en Lectura Crítica Español CASPe. Resultados: Los factores asociados a la humanización del cuidado se agrupan en factores del sistema de salud, como el establecimiento y personal de salud. Un segundo grupo de factores se relacionan con la percepción del niño(a) o adolescente, lo que se asocia con factores de salud mental, ámbito corporal y satisfacción. Conclusión: Entre los factores asociados a la humanización del cuidado desde la percepción de niños(as) y adolescentes destacan aspectos relacionados a la mirada del Otro como ser humano y sujeto de derecho.

Objective: To analyze the factors that contribute to the perception of the humanization of the care of hospitalized children and adolescents. Material and Method: An integrative literature review was conducted between 2016 and 2021, using the Virtual Health Library databases. For the search and selection of articles, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology was used. The simple consisted of 20 articles. The quality of the articles was evaluated through the Methodology and Research in Surgery (MINCIR) for descriptive observational studies and Spanish Critical Reading Skills Program (CASPe) guidelines. Results: The factors associated with the humanization of care are grouped into health system factors, such as the health facility and personnel. A second group of factors is related to the perception of the child or adolescent, which is associated with mental health factors, body environment and satisfaction. Conclusion: Among the factors associated with the humanization of care from the perception of children and adolescents, aspects related to the view of the Other as a human being and subject of rights stand out.

Objetivo: Analisar os fatores que contribuem para a percepção da humanização do atendimento de crianças e adolescentes hospitalizados. Material e Método: Uma revisão integrativa da literatura foi realizada entre 2016 e 2021, utilizando as bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Para a busca e seleção dos artigos, foi utilizada a metodologia Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A amostra consistia em 20 artigos. A qualidade dos artigos foi avaliada utilizando as diretrizes Metodologia e Pesquisa em Cirurgia (MINCIR) para estudos observacionais descritivos e Programa de Habilidades Críticas de Leitura em Espanhol (CASPe). Resultados: Os fatores associados à humanização do atendimento estão agrupados em fatores do sistema de saúde, tais como a instalação de saúde e o pessoal de saúde. Um segundo grupo de fatores está relacionado à percepção da criança ou adolescente, que está associado a fatores de saúde mental, ambiente corporal e satisfação. Conclusão: Entre os fatores associados à humanização do cuidado a partir da percepção das crianças e adolescentes, destacam-se aspectos relacionados à visão do Outro como ser humano e sujeito de direitos.

RESUMEN

El proceso de envejecimiento se percibe de manera diferente en cada cultura y puede estar marcado por aspectos positivos y negativos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los pensamientos y sentimientos sobre el envejecimiento de pequeños y grandes productores rurales de la ciudad de Diamantino -MT. Para el análisis se utilizó la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales y el método de Análisis de Contenido del Discurso. Los significados sobre el envejecimiento se clasificaron en las siguientes categorías: Posibilidad de envejecer, Afrontar el envejecimiento, Determinismo en la vida, Autorrealización, Negatividad del envejecimiento y habla sin sentido. Los sentimientos y pensamientos sobre el envejecimiento se clasificaron en las siguientes categorías: afrontamiento, desesperación, integridad, sujeción / sumisión, agresión y sin sentido. Las categorías atribuidas al envejecimiento están relacionadas con el bienestar y calidad de vida, capacidad funcional, nivel socioeconómico, estado emocional, interacción social, actividad intelectual, autocuidado, apoyo familiar, estado de salud, religiosidad, entre otrasAU.

The aging process is seen differently in each culture and can be marked by positive and negative aspects. This study aimed to analyze the thoughts and feelings about aging for small and large rural producers in the municipality of Diamantino -MT. For analysis, the Social Representations Theory and the Discourse Content Analysis method were used. The meanings about aging were classified in the following categories: Possibility of aging, Coping with aging, Determinism in life, Self-realization, Negativeness of aging and meaningless speech. The feelings and thoughts about aging were classified into: Confrontation, Despair, Integrity, Subjection / Submission, Aggression and senseless. The categories attributed to aging are related to well-being and quality of life, and functional capacity, socioeconomic status, emotional state, social interaction, intellectual activity, self-care, family support, health status, religiosity, among othersAU.

O processo de envelhecer é visto de forma diferenciada em cada cultura, podendo ser marcado por aspectos positivos e negativos. O presente estudo objetivou analisar os pensamentos e sentimentos sobre envelhecimento para pequenos e grandes produtores rurais do município de Diamantino ­MT. Para a análise, utilizou-se a Teoriadas Representações Sociais e o método de análise de conteúdo dodiscurso. Os significados sobre envelhecimento foram clasificados nas seguintes categorías: Positividad do envejecimiento, Enfrentamiento do envejecimiento, Determinismo na vida, Auto realização, Negatividad del envejecimiento e discurso sem sentido. Os sentimentos e pensamentos sobre envelhecimento foram classificadas nas seguintes categorias: Enfrentamento, Desespero, Integridade, Sujeição/Submissão, Agressãoe sem sentido. As categorías atribuídas ao envelhecimento estão relacionadas ao bem-estar e qualidade de vida, e a capacidade funcional, nível socioeconômico, estadoemocional, interação social, atividade intelectual, autocuidado, suportefamiliar, estado de saúde, religiosidade, entre outrosAU.

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RESUMEN

Resumo Os avanços tecnológicos na área da saúde reforçam a importância da bioética na garantia de direitos fundamentais relativos não só à vida, mas também à morte. Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre o morrer e as contribuições que a bioética tem dado ao assunto, seja por meio dos princípios tradicionais de autonomia e dignidade, seja por meio da defesa de uma nova categoria: a libertação, proposta pela bioética de intervenção com base em Paulo Freire. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, de abordagem hermenêutica, reflexiva, sociocrítica e analítica, cujo objetivo é demonstrar que a libertação pode contribuir para formar profissionais e pacientes mais críticos, comprometidos e livres, capazes de enfrentar um momento de tanta vulnerabilidade como é o momento da morte. O artigo defende que a adoção do conceito de libertação na reflexão bioética sobre cuidados paliativos pode contribuir ao processo de "morrer bem".

Abstract Technological advances in the health field reinforce the importance of bioethics in guaranteeing fundamental rights related not only to life, but also to death. This article reflects on dying and the contributions that bioethics has made to the topic, either by the traditional principles of autonomy and dignity, or by the defense of a new category: liberation, proposed by intervention bioethics based on Paulo Freire. This qualitative research study, with a hermeneutic, reflective, sociocritical and analytical approach, aims to show that liberation can contribute to train more critical, committed and free professionals and patients, capable of facing a moment of such vulnerability as the moment of death is. The article argues that adopting the concept of liberation in the bioethical reflection on palliative care can contribute to the "dying well" process.

Resumen Los avances tecnológicos en el ámbito de la salud refuerzan la importancia de la bioética en la garantía de derechos fundamentales relativos no solo a la vida, sino también a la muerte. Este artículo presenta una reflexión sobre el morir y las contribuciones de la bioética al tema, ya sea por medio de los principios tradicionales de autonomía y dignidad, ya sea por medio de la defensa de una nueva categoría: la liberación, propuesta por la bioética de intervención con base en Paulo Freire. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, de enfoque hermenéutico, reflexivo, sociocrítico y analítico, cuyo objetivo es demostrar que la liberación puede contribuir a la formación de profesionales y pacientes más críticos, comprometidos y libres, capaces de enfrentarse a un momento de tanta vulnerabilidad como es el momento de la muerte. Este artículo defiende que la adopción del concepto de liberación en la reflexión bioética sobre los cuidados paliativos puede contribuir al proceso de "morir bien".

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Resumen La ley de derechos y deberes de los usuarios en salud, promulgada en Chile en 2012, ha llevado a posicionar el proceso de consentimiento informado como un aspecto importante para el respeto de su autonomía. Por este motivo, resulta pertinente evaluar los conocimientos que tiene el personal médico respecto de esta temática, especialmente en el área quirúrgica. Se llevó a cabo un estudio cuantitativo en 90 médicos especialistas del área quirúrgica en un hospital público de alta complejidad, a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario para evaluar sus conocimientos sobre el consentimiento informado. Se encontró que el 76,6 % de los encuestados tenía un nivel de conocimiento deficiente, lo cual crea un escenario en el que se pueden vulnerar los derechos de los usuarios.

Abstract The Patients' Rights and Duties Act, promulgated in Chile in 2012, has made the informed consent process a critical step to respect the patient's autonomy. It is then relevant to test health workers' knowledge of the subject, especially in the surgery department. We carried out a quantitative study on 90 specialists from the surgery department in a public tertiary hospital, to whom a questionnaire was administered to test their knowledge of informed consent. We found that 76.6 % of the respondents have a low level of knowledge, creating a setting in which patients' rights can be violated.

Resumo A lei de direitos e deveres dos usuários em saúde, promulgada no Chile em 2012, tem posicionado o processo de consentimento informado como aspecto importante para o respeito de sua autonomia. Por esse motivo, é pertinente avaliar o conhecimento que a equipe médica tem sobre essa temática, especialmente na área cirúrgica. Foi realizado estudo quantitativo com 90 médicos especialistas da área cirúrgica em um hospital público de alta complexidade, aos quais foi aplicado questionário para avaliar seu conhecimento sobre o consentimento informado. Foi constatado que 76,6 % dos entrevistados tinham nível de conhecimento deficiente, o que cria um cenário no qual podem ser violados os direitos dos usuários.

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