RESUMEN
ABSTRACT Caryomene comprises five species distributed in South America. For more than half a century, the genus has not received taxonomic treatment. However, many recent collections were carried out in Amazonia and new occurrences need to be inserted. The present study aimed to elaborate a synoptic treatment of the species collected in Amazonia and botanical specimens from 32 herbaria. The results pointed out the presence of five species in Amazonia, of which C. grandifolia, C. foveolada, C. olivascens and C. prumnoides are new occurrences. The states of Amazonas and Pará represent the two main distribution centers for the species. The fruit characters are the ones that best separate the species. An identification key, descriptions and illustrations of the species that occur in Amazonia are presented.
RESUMO Caryomene possui cinco espécies distribuídas na América do Sul. Há mais de meio século que o gênero não recebe tratamento taxonômico. No entanto, muitas coletas recentes foram realizadas na Amazônia e novas ocorrências precisam ser inseridas. O presente estudo visou elaborar um tratamento sinóptico das espécies coletadas na Amazônia e amostras depositadas em 32 herbários. Os resultados evidenciaram a presença de cinco espécies na Amazônia, das quais C. grandifolia, C. foveolada, C. olivascens e C. prumnoides são novas ocorrências. Os estados do Amazonas e Pará representam os dois principais centros de distribuição dessas espécies. Os caracteres dos frutos são os que melhor separam as espécies. São apresentadas uma chave de identificação, descrições e ilustrações para as espécies da Amazônia.
RESUMEN
PREMISE: The Crato Konservat-Lagerstätte in Brazil preserves an exceptionally rich assemblage of plant macrofossils from the Early Cretaceous (late Aptian), including rare early angiosperm fossils related to Nymphaeales, monocots, and magnoliids, and a variety of angiosperms of uncertain affinities. Macrofossils of eudicot angiosperms have not been described previously, despite the presence of tricolpate pollen. We describe a fossil leaf with morphology characteristic of eudicot angiosperms. METHODS: The fossil was collected from a quarry in the Lower Cretaceous (late Aptian) Crato Formation of northeastern Brazil in the state of Ceará. We compared the leaf architecture with that of ferns, gymnosperms, and similar living and fossil angiosperms. RESULTS: The leaf of Baderadea pinnatissecta gen. et sp. nov. is simple and petiolate, with leaf architecture similar to that of some herbaceous Ranunculales. The blade is 5 cm long and the margin is untoothed and twice pinnately lobed with narrow lobes (pinnatisect). The primary vein framework is pinnate and there are multiple orders of reticulate venation. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of characters preserved in the fossil supports the interpretation that B. pinnatissecta was an herbaceous eudicot similar to some members of Ranunculales and distinguished from other lobate Aptian angiosperms by leaf shape, presence of multiple orders of reticulate venation, and the absence of glandular teeth. The presence of eudicots in the flora of the Crato was already supported by pollen; the discovery of macrofossils like these provides additional information about their morphology and ecological role in low-latitude Early Cretaceous plant communities.