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Background: Endovascular coil embolization is increasingly being used for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms and other pathologies such as arteriovenous (AV) malformations and AV fistulas. Appropriate embolization technique requires a microcatheter with two radiopaque marks, one proximal and one distal. We present an alternative coils deployment technique for intracranial aneurysms, using a microcatheter without a proximal radiopaque mark. Methods: We describe the technique for embolization that was used in a 36-year-old female patient, in which we used a microcatheter without a proximal radiopaque mark for coil embolization of an intracranial aneurysm. Results: We used a Headway Duo flow directed microcatheter for a coiling embolization of an intracranial aneurysm, solving the absence of the proximal radiopaque mark by cannulating the microcatheter with a Traxcess 0.014 microguidewire, and placing an external mark on the screen in the proximal portion of the microguidewire 30 mm radiopaque tip to indirectly mark the proximal mark of the microcatheter. Conclusion: There is scarce evidence supporting the use of microcatheters with no proximal radiopaque mark for coil embolization. This report attempts to disclose how an easy and simple technique can be used as a rescue method to solve the proximal radiopaque mark absence during endovascular coil release procedures. To the best of our knowledge, this technique has not been previously described; therefore, its use is not widespread among neurointerventionists.

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ABSTRACT Cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD) is a non-neoplastic process usually confined to the tooth-bearing areas of the jaws or edentulous alveolar processes. It is mostly seen in women during the third and fourth decades of life. The mandible is the most common location in 70% of cases in the premolar-molar region. This case report presents a case of cemento-ossifying fibroma with clinical features and radiographic features in a 23-year-old female patient.

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OBJECTIVES: To test a more complete set of morphometric radiographic parameters to evaluate the idiopathic osteosclerosis (IO) lesions located in the maxillomandibular area and to know their features during routine radiographic evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Radiographs from patients attending the oral diagnosis clinic of our institution were reviewed. Evaluated parameters were gender and age of the patients, size, side, homogeneity, morphology, radiodensity, mineralization, borders, relation to roots, affected tooth or teeth and location of the analyzed lesions. RESULTS: Of the 6340 assessed patients, 354 (5.6%) harbored 362 lesions. IOs were more common during 2nd to 4th decades (mean age = 39 years). IO frequency rose from 1st to 3rd decades and then decreased. Size varied from 0.1 to 5.8 cm, and its frequency increased from 7 to 30 years age and then decreased too. The mandible and molar region were more commonly affected. Radiopaque image, radicular location, round shape, homogeneous core and well-defined boundaries were the more frequent IO features. CONCLUSIONS: Our method allows to analyze IO lesions with precise parameters. Analysis of the results does not support the previously suggested theories to explain their origin, and these figures suggest that the so-called IOs are developmental alterations of the bone.

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Introducción: Las radiopacidades en tejido blando bucofacial, aparecen habitualmente de manera incidental en radiografías panorámicas, exhibiendo una frecuencia relativamente baja. Objetivo: Identificar la frecuencia de lesiones radiopacas en tejido blando bucofacial en pacientes implantológicos, las implicaciones clínicas presentes y el manejo terapéutico implementado. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal en una muestra constituida por 578 pacientes, evaluados en la consulta multidisciplinaria de implantología de la Facultad de Estomatología Raúl González Sánchez, quienes contaban con estudio radiográfico panorámico, en el período comprendido entre enero de 2014 y enero de 2016 con criterios de inclusión debidamente establecidos. Cada paciente se sometió a interrogatorio, examen clínico y al análisis exhaustivo de su radiografía panorámica. Se analizaron las variables edad, sexo, tipo de desorden de la radiopacidad, denominación, presencia de entidades patológicas previas, hallazgos clínicos al examen actual y modalidad terapéutica implementada. Resultados: Se encontraron lesiones radiopacas en 4,7 por ciento de la muestra; predominaron en el sexo masculino (3,1 por ciento); prevalecieron las calcificaciones idiopáticas (66,6 por ciento) y los sialolitos (55,5 por ciento). El 66,6 por ciento de los hallazgos fue asintomático. Un 33,4 por ciento requirió exéresis de la radiopacidad con el tejido asociado. Conclusiones: Las lesiones radiopacas de tejido blando bucofacial en pacientes implantológicos son poco frecuentes, predominan las calcificaciones idiopáticas particularmente los sialolitos, y la mayoría de las lesiones requiere manejo terapéutico(AU)

Introduction: The radiopacities in the orofacial soft tissue appears habitually as an incidental finding in panoramic x-rays, exhibiting a relatively low frequency.Objective: To identify the frequency of orofacial radiopaque lesions in soft tissue in indwelling patients, its clinical consequences and therapeutic management.Material and Methods: A descriptive transversal study was carried out in the Dentistry Faculty Raúl Gómez García, from January 2014 to January 2016. The sample was constituted by 578 patients evaluated by the multidisciplinary Implantology service, who had a panoramic study with properly established inclusion criteria. To each patient was performed an interrogatory, clinical exam and exhaustive analysis of his panoramic x-ray. The analyzed variables included: age, sex, denomination, presence of pathological previous entities, presence of clinical findings at the moment of examination, and therapeutic management. Results: The radiopaque lesions appeared in 4,7 percent of the sample analyzed, they prevailed in males (3,1 percent), the idiopathic calcifications reported a 66,6 percent and the sialoliths a 55,5 percent. A 66,6 percent of discoveries were asymptomatic. A 33,4 percent needed removal of radiopacities with associate tissue.Conclusions: The radiopaque lesions of orofacial soft tissue in indwelling patients are not very frequent, the idiopathic calcifications prevails, particularly the sialoliths, and most of the lesions require therapeutic handling(AU)

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Introducción: Las radiopacidades en tejido blando bucofacial, aparecen habitualmente de manera incidental en radiografías panorámicas, exhibiendo una frecuencia relativamente baja. Objetivo: Identificar la frecuencia de lesiones radiopacas en tejido blando bucofacial en pacientes implantológicos, las implicaciones clínicas presentes y el manejo terapéutico implementado. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal en una muestra constituida por 578 pacientes, evaluados en la consulta multidisciplinaria de implantología de la Facultad de Estomatología Raúl González Sánchez, quienes contaban con estudio radiográfico panorámico, en el período comprendido entre enero de 2014 y enero de 2016 con criterios de inclusión debidamente establecidos. Cada paciente se sometió a interrogatorio, examen clínico y al análisis exhaustivo de su radiografía panorámica. Se analizaron las variables edad, sexo, tipo de desorden de la radiopacidad, denominación, presencia de entidades patológicas previas, hallazgos clínicos al examen actual y modalidad terapéutica implementada. Resultados: Se encontraron lesiones radiopacas en 4,7 por ciento de la muestra; predominaron en el sexo masculino (3,1 por ciento); prevalecieron las calcificaciones idiopáticas (66,6 por ciento) y los sialolitos (55,5 por ciento). El 66,6 por ciento de los hallazgos fue asintomático. Un 33,4 por ciento requirió exéresis de la radiopacidad con el tejido asociado. Conclusiones: Las lesiones radiopacas de tejido blando bucofacial en pacientes implantológicos son poco frecuentes, predominan las calcificaciones idiopáticas particularmente los sialolitos, y la mayoría de las lesiones requiere manejo terapéutico(AU)

Introduction: The radiopacities in the orofacial soft tissue appears habitually as an incidental finding in panoramic x-rays, exhibiting a relatively low frequency. Objective: To identify the frequency of orofacial radiopaque lesions in soft tissue in indwelling patients, its clinical consequences and therapeutic management. Material and Methods: A descriptive transversal study was carried out in the Dentistry Faculty Raúl Gómez García, from January 2014 to January 2016. The sample was constituted by 578 patients evaluated by the multidisciplinary Implantology service, who had a panoramic study with properly established inclusion criteria. To each patient was performed an interrogatory, clinical exam and exhaustive analysis of his panoramic x-ray. The analyzed variables included: age, sex, denomination, presence of pathological previous entities, presence of clinical findings at the moment of examination, and therapeutic management. Results: The radiopaque lesions appeared in 4,7 percent of the sample analyzed, they prevailed in males (3,1 percent), the idiopathic calcifications reported a 66,6 percent and the sialoliths a 55,5 percent. A 66,6 percent of discoveries were asymptomatic. A 33,4 percent needed removal of radiopacities with associate tissue. Conclusions: The radiopaque lesions of orofacial soft tissue in indwelling patients are not very frequent, the idiopathic calcifications prevails, particularly the sialoliths, and most of the lesions require therapeutic handling(AU)

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Introducción: el estreñimiento es un síntoma o afección que puede comprometer la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Su prevalencia global varía entre 2 por ciento y 28 por ciento.Objetivo: evaluar la concordancia entre los resultados de los exámenes imagenológicos y la manometría anorrectal, en pacientes con sospecha de estreñimiento funcional.Métodos: la muestra estuvo conformada por 37 pacientes, a los que se les realizó exámenes radiológicos de cecocolografía secuencial (o colon por ingestión), tiempo de tránsito colónico con marcadores radiopacos, defecografía y examen manométrico. Se calculó el índice de Kappa para determinar la concordancia.Resultados: 62,2 por ciento de los enfermos fueron del sexo femenino, la edad predominante estuvo entre 41 y 60 años (43,2 por ciento), predominó el ciego móvil (54,2 por ciento) como causa de estreñimiento. Se hicieron 14 estudios de tiempo de tránsito colónico con marcadores radiopacos, de ellos 28,6 por ciento presentó un tiempo de tránsito lento. Se realizó defecografía a 4 pacientes y 3 presentaron disfunción del suelo pelviano. Se constató que 94,6 por ciento de las pruebas imagenológicas y 78,4 por ciento de las manometrías resultaron positivas (Kappa p= 0,006).Conclusión: las técnicas imagenológicas que se investigaron son apropiadas para diagnosticar el estreñimiento funcional y la concordancia de dichas técnicas con la manometría anorrectal es adecuada(AU)

Introduction: constipation is a symptom or condition that can compromise the quality of patient's life. Its global prevalence varies between 2 percent and 28 percent.Objective: evaluate the correlation between the results of imaging tests and anorectal manometry in patients with suspected functional constipation.Methods: the sample consisted of 37 patients, who underwent radiological examinations of sequential cecocolografía (colon or swallowed), colonic transit time with radiopaque markers, defecography and manometric examination. Kappa index was calculated to determine the correlation.Results: 62.2 percent of patients were female, the predominant age was between 41 and 60 years (43.2 percent), mobile blind predominated (54.2 percent) as a cause of constipation. 14 studies of colonic transit time with radiopaque markers, were made, 28.6 percent of them presented a slow transit time. 4 patients underwent defecography and 3 had pelvic floor dysfunction. It was found that 94.6 percent of imaging tests and 78.4 percent of manometries were positive (Kappa p= 0.006).Conclusions: imaging techniques used in this study are suitable for diagnosing functional constipation and consistency of these techniques is suitable anorectal(AU) manometry

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INTRODUCCIÓN: el estreñimiento es un síntoma o afección que puede comprometer la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Su prevalencia global varía entre 2 % y 28 %. OBJETIVO: evaluar la concordancia entre los resultados de los exámenes imagenológicos y la manometría anorrectal, en pacientes con sospecha de estreñimiento funcional. MÉTODOS: la muestra estuvo conformada por 37 pacientes, a los que se les realizó exámenes radiológicos de cecocolografía secuencial (o colon por ingestión), tiempo de tránsito colónico con marcadores radiopacos, defecografía y examen manométrico. Se calculó el índice de Kappa para determinar la concordancia. RESULTADOS: 62,2 % de los enfermos fueron del sexo femenino, la edad predominante estuvo entre 41 y 60 años (43,2 %), predominó el ciego móvil (54,2 %) como causa de estreñimiento. Se hicieron 14 estudios de tiempo de tránsito colónico con marcadores radiopacos, de ellos 28,6 % presentó un tiempo de tránsito lento. Se realizó defecografía a 4 pacientes y 3 presentaron disfunción del suelo pelviano. Se constató que 94,6 % de las pruebas imagenológicas y 78,4 % de las manometrías resultaron positivas (Kappa p= 0,006). CONCLUSIÓN: las técnicas imagenológicas que se investigaron son apropiadas para diagnosticar el estreñimiento funcional y la concordancia de dichas técnicas con la manometría anorrectal es adecuada.

INTRODUCTION: constipation is a symptom or condition that can compromise the quality of patient's life. Its global prevalence varies between 2 % and 28 %. OBJECTIVE: evaluate the correlation between the results of imaging tests and anorectal manometry in patients with suspected functional constipation. METHODS: the sample consisted of 37 patients, who underwent radiological examinations of sequential cecocolografía (colon or swallowed), colonic transit time with radiopaque markers, defecography and manometric examination. Kappa index was calculated to determine the correlation. RESULTS: 62.2 % of patients were female, the predominant age was between 41 and 60 years (43.2 %), mobile blind predominated (54.2 %) as a cause of constipation. 14 studies of colonic transit time with radiopaque markers, were made, 28.6 % of them presented a slow transit time. 4 patients underwent defecography and 3 had pelvic floor dysfunction. It was found that 94.6 % of imaging tests and 78.4 % of manometries were positive (Kappa p= 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: imaging techniques used in this study are suitable for diagnosing functional constipation and consistency of these techniques is suitable anorectal manometry.

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El tránsito colónico es la medición objetiva del tiempo en el que trascurre el contenido intestinal a través del colon y representa un adelanto muy importante en la evaluación de pacientes con trastornos en el hábito intestinal. Valores normales de tránsito colónico (TC). Determinar valores normales de TC en voluntarios sanos en la ciudad de Caracas. En el Hospital Universitario de Caracas (HUC). Estudio descriptivo, transversal; se empleó anillos metálicos de 8Fr (2.7mm), como marcadores radioopacos, introducidos en capsulas de gelatina tamaño 00 largo (24 anillos/cápsula), se tomaron al azar 30 voluntarios sanos, personal médico y de enfermería del HUC, con edades entre 18 y 50 años, agrupados por género: 15 masculino y 15 femenino. Se realizó radiografías de abdomen simple en posición decúbito dorsal a las 72, 96 y 120 horas posteriores a la ingesta de la cápsula, cuantificando la cantidad de marcadores eliminados. Para el análisis de los resultados se aplicó la prueba no paramétrica U de Mann-Whitney; con un nivel de significación del 95%. No se realizó modificaciones en la dieta durante el estudio. 21 voluntarios (70%) evacuaron más del 80% de los marcadores radiopacos a las 96 horas. 20% (6 voluntarios) registraron la eliminación total de los marcadores antes de las 96 horas. 70% presentó la eliminación de más del 80% de los marcadores de TC a las 96 horas. No se evidenció diferencias estadísticas significativas entre los grupos etarios ni género. Los valores obtenidos son inferiores a los aceptados como normales, reportados en la literatura mundial (eliminación del 80% de los marcadores antes de las 120 horas), y superiores en comparación con un estudio mexicano semejante (eliminación del 80% de los marcadores a las 48 horas)...

The colonic transit is the objective measurement of the time lag in the intestinal contents through the colon and represents an important advancement in the evaluation of patients with intestinal disorders of habit. Normal colonic transit (CT). To determine normal values of CT in healthy volunteers in the city of Caracas. Hospital Universitario de Caracas (HUC). A descriptive cross-functional study; 8Fr (2.7mm) metal rings were used as radiopaque markers, placed into gelatin capsules of 00 long (24 rings / capsule), 30 healthy volunteers, medical and nursing staff of HCU, aged between 18 and 50 years, matched by gender were randomly taken: 15 male and 15 female. A simple abdominal radiography was performed on dorsal decubitus position at 72, 96 and 120 hours after ingesting the capsule, quantifying the amount of markers removed. For the analysis of the results we used the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test, with a significance level of 95%. No changes were made in the diet during the study. 21 volunteers (70%) evacuated more than 80% of the radiopaque markers at 96 hours. 20% (6 volunteers) reported the total elimination of the markers prior to 96 hours. 70% eliminated over 80% of the markers of the CT at 96 hours. No statistically significant differences were found between age groups or gender. The values obtained are below the ones accepted as normal, reported in the literature (80% elimination of the markers before the 120 hours) and higher compared to a similar Mexican study (80% elimination of the markers at 48 hours)...

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Purpose: To evaluate the effect of the addition of three radiopaque agents to an experimental adhesive on conversion kinetics, flexural strength and radiodensity. Methods: The model adhesive was formulated by mixing 50 wt% Bis-GMA, 25 wt% TEGDMA and 25 wt% HEMA. Barium sulfate, Titanium dioxide and Zirconium in 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 wt% were added separately resulting in 15 experimental groups and 1 control group. The conversion kinetics of the model adhesive was evaluated using real time Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The flexural tests were performed on 5 specimens (12 × 2 × 2 mm) for each group (total n = 80) in a universal testing machine. The radiodensity was evaluated by using an aluminum step-wedge and VistaScan phosphorous plates radiographs digital system with 0.6 s exposure and focal distance of 40 cm. Results: No statistical difference (P > 0.05) was found in flexural strength among all groups. The values of degree of conversion ranged from 45.51% e 62.46%. All groups showed higher values than 0.54 mm of aluminum for the evaluation of radiopacity. Conclusion: The addition of radiopaquing agents increased the adhesive radiodensity and did not affect its degree of conversion and flexural strength.

Objetivo: Avaliar a influência da adição de três substâncias radiopacificadoras na cinética de conversão, resistência à flexão e radiodensidade de um adesivo experimental. Metodologia: O adesivo foi formulado com 50% de Bis-GMA, 25% TEGDMA e 25% HEMA, em peso. Foram adicionados 0,1%; 0,2%; 0,4%; 0,8%; 1,6%, em peso, de Sulfato de Bário, Óxido de Titânio e Dióxido de Zircônia, totalizando 15 grupos experimentais e um grupo controle. A cinética de polimerização foi avaliada por FTIR em tempo real. O ensaio de miniflexão foi realizado com 5 espécimes (12 × 2 × 2 mm) para cada grupo (n total = 80) em uma máquina de ensaios universal. A radiodensidade foi obtida utilizando um sistema digital com placas de fósforo VistaScan, 0,6 s de exposição e distância focal de 40 cm e os valores foram comparados a uma escala de alumínio. Resultados: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa no ensaio de miniflexão entre os grupos (P > 0,05). Os valores de grau de conversão ficaram entre 45,51% e 62,46%, enquanto a radiodensidade foi superior a 0,54 mm de alumínio, sem diferença entre os grupos. Conclusão: O acréscimo das substâncias radiopacificadoras aumentou a radiopacidade do adesivo e não alterou o grau de conversão e a resistência à flexão.

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A tomografia computadorizada tem sido um exame radiológico de ampla indicação e escolha para fins diagnósticos, principalmente na última década. No entanto, apesar de ser bastante elucidativo, em diversos casos, o procedimento oferece riscos associados à exposição à radiação e ao meio de contraste iodado. Sobre estas questões é escassa a disponibilidade de publicações na literatura de enfermagem. Assim, apresenta-se uma revisão bibliográfica, com ênfase na exposição ao contraste iodado e nas reações adversas que podem advir do seu uso. Além disso, são descritas as ações que os profissionais da equipe de saúde, alocados em serviços desta natureza, podem realizar para diminuir a ocorrência desses eventos adversos ou minimizar sua gravidade.

Computed tomography is an X-ray exam that has been widely indicated and chosen for diagnostic purposes, especially during the last few decades. However, although it is highly revealing, in several cases the procedure presents risks associated with exposure to radiation and to the iodine contrast medium. Few publications are available in the nursing literature regarding these issues. Therefore, a review of literature is presented, emphasizing exposure to iodine contrast and adverse reactions that may arise from its use. In addition, actions are described that can be taken by the health care team professionals to reduce the occurrence of such adverse events or minimize their severity.

La tomografía computadorizada ha sido un examen radiológico muy indicado y escogido para fines diagnósticos, principalmente en la última década. Sin embargo, a pesar de ser bastante elucidativo, en diversos casos el procedimiento ofrece riesgos que están asociados a la exposición a la radiación y al medio de contraste yodado. Sobre ello es escasa la disponibilidad de publicaciones en la literatura de enfermería. Así, se presenta una revisión bibliográfica, con énfasis en la exposición al contraste yodado y en las reacciones adversas que pueden originarse de su uso. Además, se describen las acciones que los profesionales del equipo de salud, designados para servicios de esta naturaleza, pueden realizar para disminuir que ocurren esos eventos adversos o minimizar su gravedad.

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