RESUMEN

Mitochondria provide the energy to keep cells alive and functioning and they have the capacity to influence highly complex molecular events. Mitochondria are essential to maintain cellular energy homeostasis that determines the course of neurological disorders, including traumatic brain injury (TBI). Various aspects of mitochondria metabolism such as autophagy can have long-term consequences for brain function and plasticity. In turn, mitochondria bioenergetics can impinge on molecular events associated with epigenetic modifications of DNA, which can extend cellular memory for a long time. Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to pathological manifestations such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and calcium imbalance that threaten brain plasticity and function. Hence, targeting mitochondrial function may have great potential to lessen the outcomes of TBI.

Asunto(s)

Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo , Encéfalo , Metabolismo Energético , Mitocondrias , Plasticidad Neuronal , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/metabolismo , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Humanos , Animales , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Encéfalo/patología , Estrés Oxidativo

RESUMEN

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) to combat multidrug-resistant biofilms, which pose significant challenges to human health. As the key to producing ROS in SDT, the design of sonosensitizers with optimal molecular structures for sufficient ROS generation and activity in complex biofilm matrix is essential. In this study, we propose a π-expansion strategy and synthesize a series of small-molecule metal Ru(II) complexes (Ru1-Ru4) as sonosensitizers (Ru1-Ru4) to enhance the efficacy of SDT. Among these complexes, Ru4 demonstrates remarkable ROS generation capability (∼65.5-fold) that surpasses most commercial sonosensitizers (1.3- to 6.7-fold). Through catalyzing endogenous H2O2 decomposition, Ru4 facilitates the production of abundant O2 as a resource for 1O2 and the generation of new ROS (i.e., •OH) for improving SDT. Furthermore, Ru4 maintains the sustained ROS activity via consuming the interferences (e.g., glutathione) that react with ROS. Due to these unique advantages, Ru4 exhibits potent biofilm eradication ability against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) both in vitro and in vivo, underscoring its potential use in clinical settings. This work introduces a new approach for designing effective sonosensitizers to eliminate biofilm infections, addressing a critical need in healthcare management.

RESUMEN

Developing efficient and durable electrocatalyst for seawater splitting is crucial in hydrogen production. Herein, a multi-scale design strategy was employed to fabricate ruthenium clusters modification carbon layer-encapsulated nickel-cobalt-phosphorus (Ru/C/NiCoP) nanoneedles electrocatalyst supported on nickel foam (NF). We demonstrated that Ru/C/NiCoP/NF exhibited exceptional oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performances, with low overpotential, Tafel slope and superior stability. Furthermore, the electrocatalytic mechanism of Ru/C/NiCoP was elucidated through the combination of ex-situ and in-situ characterizations, along with comprehensive electrochemical tests. Strikingly, Ru clusters and the carbon layer engendered robust electronic interaction reaction, accelerated the charge transfer rate, provided more active sites, and enhanced intrinsic catalytic activity, thus substantially promoting the OER kinetics and HER reaction steps as well as stability. In addition, the two-electrode system constructed with Ru/C/NiCoP/NF achieved current density of 10 mA cm-2 in both pure water and seawater at ultra-low potential of 1.46/1.47 V, with Faraday efficiency close to 100%. Even at higher current density of 100 mA cm-2, the required driving voltage remained low at 1.75/1.77 V, maintaining stable operation for 150 h, outperforming most reported non-noble catalysts. This innovative strategy provides facile and versatile approach for developing advanced electrocatalysts in seawater electrolysis application.

RESUMEN

Behavioural flexibility plays a major role in the way animals cope with novel situations, and physiological stress responses are adaptive and highly efficient mechanisms to cope with unpredictable events. Previous studies investigating the role of stress responses in mediating behavioural flexibility were mostly done in laboratory rodents using stressors and cognitive challenges unrelated to the ecology of the species. To better understand how stress mediates behavioural flexibility in a natural context, direct manipulations of the stress response and cognitive tests in ecologically relevant contexts are needed. To this aim, we pharmacologically blocked glucocorticoid receptors (GR) in adult Neolamprologus pulcher using a minimally invasive application of a GR antagonist. GR blockade prevents the recovery after a stressful event, which we predicted to impair behavioural flexibility. After the application of the GR antagonist, we repeatedly exposed fish to a predator and tested their behavioural flexibility using a detour task, i.e. fish had to find a new, longer route to the shelter when the shortest route was blocked. While the latencies to find the shelter were not different between treatments, GR blocked fish showed more failed attempts during the detour tasks than control fish. Furthermore, weak performance during the detour tasks was accompanied by an increase of fear related behaviours. This suggests that blocking GR changed the perception of fear and resulted in an impaired behavioural flexibility. Therefore, our results support a potential link between the capacity to recover from stressors and behavioural flexibility in N. pulcher with potential consequences for an effective and adaptive coping with changing environments.

RESUMEN

A smartphone-assisted electrochemiluminescence (ECL) strategy based on Ru(bpy)2(L)4+ as chromophores confined with metal - organic frameworks (Ru(bpy)2(L)4+@MOF-5) for the signal-amplified detection of miRNA-21 was developed. We synthesized a derivative of tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) complex (Ru(bpy)2(L)4+) with high charges, which can be loaded into the MOF-5 by strong electrostatic interaction to prevent from leakage. In addition, nucleic acid cycle amplification was used to quench the signal of Ru(bpy)2(L)4+@MOF-5 by ferrocene. This method was applied to detect the concentration of miRNA-21 ranging from 1.0 × 10-14-1.0 × 10-9 M with a low LOD of 7.2 fM. This work demonstrated the construction of a signal quenching strategy ECL biosensor for miRNA using Ru(bpy)2(L)4+@MOF-5 systems and its application in smartphone-assisted ECL detection.

Asunto(s)

Técnicas Biosensibles , Técnicas Electroquímicas , Límite de Detección , Mediciones Luminiscentes , Estructuras Metalorgánicas , MicroARNs , Teléfono Inteligente , MicroARNs/análisis , MicroARNs/sangre , Técnicas Biosensibles/métodos , Mediciones Luminiscentes/métodos , Técnicas Electroquímicas/métodos , Técnicas Electroquímicas/instrumentación , Estructuras Metalorgánicas/química , Humanos , Complejos de Coordinación/química , Compuestos Organometálicos/química

RESUMEN

Active and durable electrocatalysts are essential for commercializing direct methanol fuel cells. However, Pt-based catalysts, extensively utilized in the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), are suffered from resource scarcity and CO poisoning, which degrade MOR activity severely. Herein, Pt1Rux bimetallic catalysts were synthesized by confining Pt1Rux alloys within the shells of mesoporous carbon hollow spheres (MCHS) via a vacuum-assisted impregnation method (Pt1Rux@MCHS). The confinement effect induced by mesoporous carbon hollow spheres resulted in a robust structure of Pt1Ru3@MCHS with an ultrafine dispersion of alloy nanoparticles. The experimental and theoretical results confirmed that the boosting electrocatalytic activity and stability of the MOR over Pt1Ru3@MCHS were contributed to the regulated electronic structure as well as the superior CO tolerance of atomic Pt site caused by the electronic interaction between single Pt atoms and Ru nanoparticles. This strategy is versatile for the rational design of Pt-based bimetallic catalysts and has a positive impact on MOR performance.

RESUMEN

Single-cluster catalysts (SCCs) representing structurally well-defined metal clusters anchored on support tend to exhibit tunable catalytic performance for complex redox reactions in heterogeneous catalysis. Here we report a theoretical study on an SCC of Ru3@Mo2CO2 MXene for N2-to-NH3 thermal conversion. Our results show that Ru3@Mo2CO2 can effectively activate N2 and promotes its conversion to NH3 through an association mechanism, in which the rate-determining step of NH2* + H* → NH3* has a low energy barrier of 1.29 eV. Notably, with the assistance of Mo2CO2 support, the positively charged Ru3 cluster active site can effectively adsorb and activate N2, leading to 0.74 |e| charge transfer from Ru3@Mo2CO2 to the adsorbed N2. The supported Ru3 also acts as an electron reservoir to regulate the charge transfer for various intermediate steps of ammonia synthesis. Microkinetic analysis shows that the turnover frequency of the N2-to-NH3 conversion on Ru3@Mo2CO2 is as high as 1.45 × 10-2 s-1 site-1 at a selected thermodynamic condition of 48 bar and 700 K, the performance of which even surpasses that of the Ru B5 site and Fe3/θ-Al2O3(010) reported before. Our work provides a theoretical understanding of the high stability and catalytic mechanism of Ru3@Mo2CO2 and guidance for further designing and fabricating MXene-based metal SCCs for ammonia synthesis under mild conditions.

RESUMEN

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) have emerged as the research hotspot due to their compelling merits, including high specific capacity (1675 mAh g-1), theoretical energy density (2600 Wh kg-1), environmental friendliness, and economic advantages. However, challenges still exist for further application due to their inherent issues such as the natural insulation, shuttle effect, and volume expansion of sulfur cathode during the continuous cycle processes. These factors obstruct the lithium ions (Li+) transfer process and sulfur utilization, resulting in significant impedance and inducing inferior battery performance. Herein, the core-shell nanocube anchoring ruthenium atoms and dicobalt phosphate (Ru@Co2P@NC) were fabricated as the effective catalyst and inhibited barrier for LSBs. On the one hand, the core-shell structure offers numerous channels to expedite Li+ diffusion. On the other hand, ruthenium (Ru) and dicobalt phosphate (Co2P) active sites facilitate the chemical capture of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), accelerating sluggish kinetics. Ru@Co2P@NC modified cells not only exhibited a high initial specific capacity (1609.35 mAh g-1) at 0.5C and enduring stability with high specific capacity retention of 906.60 mAh g-1 at 0.5C after 400 cycles but also possessed low capacity attenuation rate of 0.07 % per cycle after 600 cycles (1C, Sulfur loading: 1.2 mg). Interestingly, the modified cells demonstrated a high specific capacity and long-cycle stability with high sulfur loading (from 1.984 to 3.137 mg), which provides a promising research approach for high-performance LSBs.

RESUMEN

The development of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis is a promising technology for hydrogen production, which has always been restricted by the slow kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Although IrOx is one of the benchmark acidic OER electrocatalysts, there are still challenges in designing highly active and stable Ir-based electrocatalysts for commercial application. Herein, a Ru-doped IrOx electrocatalyst with abundant twin boundaries (TB-Ru0.3Ir0.7Ox@ITO) is reported, employing indium tin oxide with high conductivity as the support material. Combing the TB-Ru0.3Ir0.7Ox nanoparticles with ITO support could expose more active sites and accelerate the electron transfer. The TB-Ru0.3Ir0.7Ox@ITO exhibits a low overpotential of 203 mV to achieve 10 mA cm-2 and a high mass activity of 854.45 A g-1noble metal at 1.53 V vs RHE toward acidic OER, which exceeds most reported Ir-based OER catalysts. Moreover, improved long-term stability could be obtained, maintaining the reaction for over 110 h at 10 mA cm-2 with negligible deactivation. DFT calculations further reveal the activity enhancement mechanism, demonstrating the synergistic effects of Ru doping and strains on the optimization of the d-band center (εd) position and the adsorption free energy of oxygen intermediates. This work provides ideas to realize the trade-off between high catalytic activity and good stability for acidic OER electrocatalysts.

RESUMEN

This study explores the encapsulation of Ru(bpy)3 2+ within Zeolite Y (ZY) to improve photocatalytic singlet oxygen generation for the degradation of a mustard gas simulant, namely 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES). Mustard gas simulants are known to disrupt several biological processes; thus, their effective degradation is essential. Zeolite Y, with its hierarchical structure and adjustable Si/Al ratios, is an ideal host for Ru(bpy)3 2+, significantly improving its photocatalytic efficiency and stability. It is demonstrated through XRD and spectroscopic analyses that encapsulated Ru(bpy)3 2+ maintains its structural and photophysical properties, which are essential for generating singlet oxygen. Ru(bpy)3(1.0) loaded ZY(15) (where 1.0 and 15 represent the encapsulated amount of Ru(bpy)3 2+ and Si/Al ratio, respectively) outperforms other investigated photocatalytic systems in the oxidation of CEES, demonstrating high conversion rates and selectivity toward nontoxic sulfoxide products. Immobilization of Ru(bpy)3 2+-encapsulated zeolite Y onto cotton fabric results in effective degradation of CEES. The experimental results, validated by theoretical calculations, indicate an improved oxygen affinity and accessibility in zeolites with higher Si/Al ratios. This study advances the design of photocatalytic materials for environmental and defense applications, providing sustainable solutions for hazardous chemical degradation.

RESUMEN

Dual-mode readout platforms with colorimetric and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signal enhancement are proposed for the ultrasensitive and flexible detection of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) in different scenes. A new nanotag, Ru@U6-Ru/Pt NPs is constructed for dual-mode platforms by integrating double-layered ECL luminophores and the nanozyme using Zr-MOF (UiO-66-NH2) as the carrier, which not only generates enhanced ECL and colorimetric signals but also provide greater stability than that of commonly used nanotags. Dual-mode platforms are used within 15 min from the "sample in" to the "result out" steps, without nucleic acid amplification. The colorimetric mode allows the screening of MPXV with the visual limit of detection (vLOD) of 0.1 pM (6 × 108 copies µL-1) and the ECL mode supports quantitative detection of MPXV with an LOD as low as 10 aM (6 copies·µL-1), resulting in a broad sensing range of 60 to 3 × 1011 copies·µL-1 (10 orders of magnitude). Validation is conducted using 50 clinical samples, which is 100% concordant to those of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), indicating that Ru@U6-Ru/Pt NPs-based dual-mode sensing platforms showed great promise as rapid, sensitive, and accurate tools for diagnosis of the nucleic acid of MPXV and other infectious pathogens.

RESUMEN

Our study focuses on synthesizing and exploring the potential of three N-(4) substituted thiosemicarbazones derived from cinnamic aldehyde, alongside their Ru(II)-(η6 -p-cymene)/(η6-benzene) complexes. The synthesized compounds were comprehensively characterized using a range of analytical techniques, including FT-IR, UV-visible spectroscopy, NMR (1H, 13C), and HRMS. We investigated their electronic and physicochemical properties via density functional theory (DFT). X-ray crystal structures validated structural differences identified by DFT. Molecular docking predicted promising bioactivities, supported by experimental observations. Notably, docking with EGFR suggested an inhibitory potential against this cancer-related protein. Spectroscopic titrations revealed significant DNA/BSA binding affinities, particularly with DNA intercalation and BSA hydrophobic interactions. RuPCAM displayed the strongest binding affinity with DNA (Kb = 6.23 × 107 M-1) and BSA (Kb = 9.75 × 105 M-1). Assessed the cytotoxicity of the complexes on cervical cancer cells (HeLa), and breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231), revealing remarkable potency. Additionally, selectivity was assessed by examining MCF-10a normal cell lines. The active complexes were found to trigger apoptosis, a vital cellular process crucial for evaluating their potential as anticancer agents utilizing staining assays and flow cytometry analysis. Intriguingly, complexation with Ru(II)-arene precursors significantly amplified the bioactivity of thiosemicarbazones, unveiling promising avenues toward the creation of powerful anticancer agents.

Asunto(s)

Acroleína , Antineoplásicos , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Rutenio , Tiosemicarbazonas , Humanos , Tiosemicarbazonas/química , Tiosemicarbazonas/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Rutenio/química , Rutenio/farmacología , Ligandos , Acroleína/análogos & derivados , Acroleína/química , Acroleína/farmacología , Estructura Molecular , Complejos de Coordinación/química , Complejos de Coordinación/farmacología , Complejos de Coordinación/síntesis química , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , ADN/metabolismo , ADN/química , Ensayo de Materiales , Materiales Biocompatibles/química , Materiales Biocompatibles/farmacología , Materiales Biocompatibles/síntesis química , Tamaño de la Partícula , Albúmina Sérica Bovina/química , Albúmina Sérica Bovina/metabolismo , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga

RESUMEN

accurately synthesizing coordination-driven metal-organic cages with customized shape and cavity remain a great challenge for chemists. In this work, a bottom-up step-wise coordination-driven self-assembly approach was put forward. Employing this strategy, three terpyridyl heterometallic-organic truncated tetrahedral cages with different sizes and cavity were precisely synthesized. Firstly, the coordination of tripodal organic ligands with Ru2+ afforded dendritic metal-organic ligands L1-L3. Then the Ru building blocks complexed with Fe2+ and shrunk to form the desired heterometallic-organic cages (C1-C3). These discrete heterometallic-organic supramolecular cages were fully characterized and displayed the large and open cavities varied from 7205 Å3 to 9384 Å3. Notably, these cages could not be directly constructed by single-step assembly process using initial organic ligands or dimeric metal-organic ligands, indicative of the irreplaceability of a bottom-up step-wise assembly strategy for size-customized architectures. This work paves a new way for precisely constructing metal-organic cages with well-defined cavities.

RESUMEN

Background: Breast cancer lung metastasis occurs at a high rate and at an early stage, and is the leading cause of death in breast cancer patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Ru'ai Shuhou Recipe (RSR) intervention on the occurrence of recurrent metastases, especially lung metastases, in postoperative patients with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was implemented at Shuguang Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in China between January 2014 to January 2019. Female patients were included according to the propensity score matching (PSM) method and balanced on the basis of general and clinical information such as age, body mass index, neo-adjuvant therapy, and surgical approach. Patients with pathological diagnosis of breast cancer were included in this study. Breast cancer patients were divided into exposed and non-exposed groups according to whether they took RSR-based botanical drugs after surgery. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox survival analysis to explore the relationship between RSR and 5-year disease-free survival and incidence of lung metastases in breast cancer patients after surgery. Results: 360 female patients were assessed and 190 patients were included in the study after PSM (95 in each of the exposed and non-exposed groups). Of the 190 patients after PSM, 55.79% were over 50 years of age. The mean follow-up time was 60.55 ± 14.82 months in the exposed group and 57.12 ± 16.37 months in the non-exposed group. There was no significant baseline characteristics difference between two groups. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the 5-year incidence of lung metastases was significantly lower in the exposed group, and the disease-free survival of patients was significantly longer. Cox univariate and multivariate analysis showed that neoadjuvant chemotherapy and lymph node metastasis were independent risk factors for the development of breast cancer lung metastasis, with risk ratios of 17.188 and 5.812, while RSR treatment was an independent protective factor against the development of breast cancer lung metastasis, with a risk ratio of 0.290. Conclusion: Standard biomedical treatment combined with RSR intervention can better prevent breast cancer recurrence and metastasis, reduce the incidence of lung metastasis in patients, and improve long-term prognosis.

RESUMEN

Electrochemical water splitting has been considered as a key pathway to generate environmentally friendly green hydrogen energy and it is essential to design highly efficient electrocatalysts at affordable cost to facilitate the redox reactions of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this work, a novel micro-clustered Ru/CuMnBP electrocatalyst is introduced, prepared via hydrothermal deposition and soaking-assisted Ru doping approaches on Ni foam substrate. Ru/CuMnBP micro-clusters exhibit relatively low HER/OER turnover overpotentials of 11 mV and 85 mV at 10 mA/cm2 in 1 M KOH. It also demonstrates a low 2-E turnover cell voltage of 1.53 V at 10 mA/cm2 for the overall water-splitting, which is comparable with the benchmark electrodes of Pt/C||RuO2. At a super high-current density of 2000 mA/cm2, the dual functional Ru/CuMnBP demonstrates an exceptionally low 2-E cell voltage of 3.13 V and also exhibits superior stability for over 10 h in 1 M KOH. Excellent electrochemical performances originate from the large electrochemical active surface area with the micro cluster morphology, high intrinsic activity of CuMnBP micro-clusters optimized through component ratio adjustment and the beneficial Ru doping effect, which enhances active site density, conductivity and stability. The usage of Ru in small quantities via the simple soaking doping approach significantly improves electrochemical reaction rates for both HER and OER, making Ru/CuMnBP micro-clusters promising candidates for advanced electrocatalytic applications.

RESUMEN

An advanced materials solution utilizing the concept of "smart catalysts" could be a game changer for today's automotive emission control technology, enabling the efficient use of precious metals via their two-way switching between metallic nanoparticle forms and ionic states in the host perovskite lattice as a result of the cyclical oxidizing/reducing atmospheres. However, direct evidence for such processes remains scarce; therefore, the underlying mechanism has been an unsettled debate. Here, we use advanced scanning transmission electron microscopy to reveal the atomic-scale behaviors for a LaFe0.95Pd0.05O3-supported Ir-Pd-Ru nanocatalyst under fluctuating redox conditions, thereby proving the reversible dissolution/exsolution for Ir and Ru but with a limited occurrence for Pd. Despite such selective dissolution during oxidation, all three elements remain cooperatively alloyed in the subsequent reduction, which is a key factor in preserving the catalytic activity of the ternary nanoalloy while displaying its self-regenerating functionality and control of particle agglomeration.

RESUMEN

DNA phase separation participates in chromatin packing for the modulation of gene transcription, but the induction of DNA phase separation in living cells for disease treatment faces huge challenges. Herein, we construct a Ru(II)-polypyridyl-loaded upconversion nanoplatform (denoted as UCSNs-R) to achieve the manipulation of DNA phase separation and production of abundant singlet oxygen (1O2) for efficient treatment of gliomas. The utilization of the UCSN not only facilitates high loading of Ru(II)-polypyridyl complexes (RuC) but also promotes the conversion of near-infrared (NIR) laser to ultraviolet light for efficient 1O2 generation. The released RuC exhibit DNA "light-switch" behavior and high DNA binding affinity that induce phase separation of DNA in living cells, thus resulting in DNA damage and suppressing tumor-cell growth. In vivo investigation demonstrates the high capability of UCSNs-R in inhibiting tumor proliferation under NIR laser illumination. This work represents a paradigm for designing a DNA phase separation nanoinducer through integration of the UCSN with Ru(II)-polypyridyl-based complexes for efficient therapy of gliomas.

Asunto(s)

Glioma , Rayos Infrarrojos , Rayos Láser , Rutenio , Glioma/patología , Glioma/terapia , Humanos , Animales , Rutenio/química , Rutenio/farmacología , Ratones , ADN/química , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Oxígeno Singlete/metabolismo , Oxígeno Singlete/química , Ratones Desnudos , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/química , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patología , Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/terapia , Nanopartículas/química , Separación de Fases

RESUMEN

The review focuses on speciation and migration of anthropogenic ruthenium (Ru) originated from nuclear industry releases and presents updated information regarding Ru in the environment. It provides analysis of the main pathways of Ru species distribution in the aqueous and terrestrial environment, starting from its natural occurrence, generation and release from anthropogenic sources, predominant speciation, and ending with bioaccumulation, which can be directly or indirectly related to human health. Literature sources belonging to the post-Chernobyl time frame were preferentially considered, in which Ru-103 and Ru-106 are the major fission isotopes studied due to their traceability in the environment and their relatively long half-lives.

RESUMEN

The presence of lincomycin (LIN) residues in food poses significant health risks to humans, necessitating a highly sensitive and specific detection method for LIN. This study used a self-enhancing Ti3C2-TiO2-Ru probe to develop an electrochemiluminescence aptasensor to detect LIN. The Ti3C2-TiO2 was synthesized in situ by harnessing the unique reducibility of Ti3C2, with TiO2 serving as a co-reaction accelerator. Moreover, Ti3C2-TiO2 served as a carrier with an excellent negative charge, allowing for the immobilization of a substantial amount of Ru(bpy)32+ through electrostatic adsorption, thus forming a self-enhancing Ti3C2-TiO2-Ru probe. Furthermore, the specific affinity of LIN toward the aptamer and the chelating interaction between the Ti and phosphate groups ensured highly precise LIN detection. This sensor demonstrated excellent performance, with a detection limit of 0.025 ng mL-1 and a detection range of 1.0 × 10-1-1.0 × 104 ng mL-1. The LIN detection in milk showed commendable recovery rates, ranging from 94.4% to 106.0%.

Asunto(s)

Aptámeros de Nucleótidos , Técnicas Biosensibles , Técnicas Electroquímicas , Contaminación de Alimentos , Límite de Detección , Lincomicina , Mediciones Luminiscentes , Leche , Titanio , Titanio/química , Lincomicina/análisis , Técnicas Electroquímicas/instrumentación , Técnicas Electroquímicas/métodos , Leche/química , Mediciones Luminiscentes/instrumentación , Mediciones Luminiscentes/métodos , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Aptámeros de Nucleótidos/química , Técnicas Biosensibles/instrumentación , Técnicas Biosensibles/métodos , Animales , Rutenio/química , Antibacterianos/análisis

RESUMEN

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance of ruthenium-based oxides strongly correlates with the electronic structures of Ru. However, the widely adopted monometal doping method unidirectionally regulates only the electronic structures, often failing to balance the activity and stability. Here, we propose an "elastic electron transfer" strategy to achieve bidirectional optimization of the electronic structures of Sr, Cr codoped RuO2 catalysts for acidic OER. The introduction of electron-withdrawing Sr intrinsically activates the Ru sites by increasing the oxidation state of Ru. Simultaneously, Cr acts as an electron buffer, donating electrons to Ru in the presence of Sr in the as-prepared catalysts and absorbing excess electrons from Sr leaching during the OER. Such a bidirectional regulation feature of Cr prevents overoxidation of Ru and maintains its high oxidation state during the OER. The optimal Ru3Cr1Sr0.175 catalyst exhibits a low overpotential (214 mV @ 10 mA cm-2) and excellent stability (over 300 h).