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Benign hyperplasia (BHP) is a common disorder that affects men over the age of 60 years. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is the gold standard for operative treatment, but a range of drugs are also available to improve quality of life and to reduce BHP-associated urinary tract infections and complications. Darifenacin, an anti-muscarinic agent, has been found effective for relieving symptoms of overactive bladder associated with BHP, but the drug has poor solubility and bioavailability, which are major challenges in product development. An inorganic/organic bio-composite with gastric pH-resistant property was synthesized for the targeted oral delivery of Darifenacin to the lower gastrointestinal tract (GIT). This development was accomplished through co-precipitation of calcium carbonate in quince seed-based mucilage. The FTIR, XRD, DSC, and TGA results showed good drug-polymer compatibility, and the SEM images showed calcite formation in the quince hydrogel system. After 72 h, the drug release of 34% and 75% were observed in acidic (0.1N HCl) and 6.8 pH phosphate buffer, respectively. A restricted/less drug was permeated through gastric membrane (21.8%) as compared to permeation through intestinal membrane (65%.) The developed composite showed significant reduction in testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia (2.39 ± 0.12***) as compared to untreated diseased animal group. No sign of organ toxicity was observed against all the developed composites. In this study, we developed an inorganic-organic composite system that is highly biocompatible and effective for targeting the lower GIT, thereby avoiding the first-pass metabolism of darifenacin.
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Benzofuranos , Pirrolidinas , Solubilidad , Administración Oral , Animales , Benzofuranos/administración & dosificación , Benzofuranos/farmacocinética , Benzofuranos/química , Benzofuranos/farmacología , Masculino , Pirrolidinas/química , Pirrolidinas/administración & dosificación , Liberación de Fármacos , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos/métodos , Ratas , Hiperplasia Prostática/tratamiento farmacológico , Antagonistas Muscarínicos/administración & dosificación , Antagonistas Muscarínicos/farmacocinética , Disponibilidad Biológica , Carbonato de Calcio/química , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Hidrogeles/química , Polímeros/químicaRESUMEN
This study aimed to investigate the impact of polysaccharide type on the physicochemical, structural, and thermal properties of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma glycosylated sodium caseinate (SC). The polysaccharides Quince seed gum (QSG), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and maltodextrin (MD) were mixed with SC and treated with DBD plasma at 18 kV for 10 min. The grafting degree, electrophoresis pattern, FTIR, XRD, carbonyl, sulfhydryl, and di-tyrosine content, FE-SEM, color, and thermal properties of SC and its polysaccharide mixtures before and after plasma treatment were analyzed. Results showed that the SC-QSG conjugate had the highest glycation degree and color change after plasma treatment. The SC-CMC and SC-QSG conjugates exhibited disappearance of distinct SC bands in electrophoresis pattern compared to SC. Also, significant changes in functional group and crystallinity were occurred in SC-CMC conjugate. Plasma treatment caused oxidation of SC, but the presence of polysaccharides offered protection against oxidation. The microstructure of SC was altered by mixing with polysaccharides and exposure to plasma. Also, the mixtures indicated higher thermal stability after plasma treatment. Results confirmed that the generation of protein-polysaccharide conjugates through DBD plasma technique was depended on with SC-MD conjugate unable to form through this method.
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Caseínas , Polisacáridos , Glicosilación , Polisacáridos/química , Caseínas/química , Gases em Plasma/química , Fenómenos Químicos , TemperaturaRESUMEN
Injectable hydrogels play an important role in tissue engineering as a filling and repairing material. This study aimed to develop a new injectable hydrogel based on hyaluronic acid (HA) and quince seed gum (QSG) and investigate the effect of QSG on hydrogel performance. The amount of unreacted 1,4-Butanediol diglycidyl ether is maintained at an undetectable level for HA-QSG hydrogels. Amino acid analysis showed that the HA-QSG hydrogel had rich amino acid concentrations of leucine, arginine, and valine. After thermal sterilization, the elastic modulus of HA-QSG gels for dermal and intraarticular filler applications is 63 Pa and 92 Pa, respectively. Pore size was found below 200 µm and the dense homogeneous pore structure was observed.
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Neglected and underutilised plants such as Pseudocydonia sinensis (Chinese quince) have garnered global interest as invaluable sources of natural bioactive compounds. Herein, a wide-targeted metabolomics-based approach revealed 1199 concurrent metabolites, with further analysis of their fluctuations across with the five stages of fruit growth. The bioactive compounds in Chinese quince primarily comprised sugars and organic acids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. Moreover, 395 metabolites were identified as having medicinal properties and rutin was the most content of them. Transcriptome analysis further provided a molecular basis for the metabolic changes observed during fruit development. By thoroughly analysing metabolite and transcriptome data, we revealed changes in bioactive compounds and related genes throughout fruit development. This study has yielded valuable insights into the ripening process of Chinese quince fruit, presenting substantial implications for industrial applications, particularly in quality control.
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Frutas , Metabolómica , Frutas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Frutas/química , Frutas/metabolismo , Frutas/genética , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Transcriptoma , Flavonoides/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/químicaRESUMEN
Mucilage is a gelatinous mixture of polysaccharides secreted from the seed coat and/or pericarp of many plant seeds when soaked in water. Mucilage affected seed germination while maintaining hydration levels during scarcity. Cydonia oblonga (quince) seeds are natural hydrocolloids extruding biocompatible mucilage mainly composed of polysaccharides. Quince seed mucilage (QSM) has fascinated researchers due to its applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. On a commercial scale, QSM preserved the sensory and physiochemical properties of various products such as yogurt, desserts, cakes, and burgers. QSM is responsive to salts, pH, and solvents and is mainly investigated as edible coatings in the food industry. In tablet formulations, modified and unmodified QSM as a binder sustained the release of various drugs such as cefixime, capecitabine, diclofenac sodium, theophylline, levosulpiride, diphenhydramine, metoprolol tartrate, and acyclovir sodium. QSM acted as a reducing and capping agent to prepare nanoparticles for good antimicrobial resistance, photocatalytic characteristics, and wound-healing potential. The present review discussed the extraction optimization, chemical composition, stimuli-responsiveness, and viscoelastic properties of mucilage. The potential of mucilage in edible films, tissue engineering, and water purification will also be discussed.
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Embalaje de Alimentos , Semillas , Xilanos , Semillas/química , Embalaje de Alimentos/métodos , Xilanos/química , Rosaceae/química , Polisacáridos/química , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Mucílago de Planta/químicaRESUMEN
Phytochemical investigation on the fruits of Cydonia oblonga Mill., a traditional Uighur medicine, led to the isolation of seven undescribed and nine known megastigmane glycosides. Their structures including absolute configurations were characterized by an extensive analysis of spectroscopic data including HRESIMS and NMR, combined with ECD calculations. Additionally, compounds 1, 2, 4, and 6-16 exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the secretion of cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) with inhibitory rates of 10.79%-44.58% at 20 µM.
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Ciclohexanonas , Glicósidos , Lipopolisacáridos , Norisoprenoides , Norisoprenoides/química , Norisoprenoides/farmacología , Norisoprenoides/aislamiento & purificación , Ratones , Glicósidos/química , Glicósidos/aislamiento & purificación , Glicósidos/farmacología , Células RAW 264.7 , Animales , Ciclohexanonas/química , Ciclohexanonas/farmacología , Ciclohexanonas/aislamiento & purificación , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Lipopolisacáridos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Estructura Molecular , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/química , Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , Interleucina-6/antagonistas & inhibidores , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , GlucósidosRESUMEN
This research focused on developing pH-regulated intelligent networks using quince and mimosa seed mucilage through aqueous polymerization to sustain Capecitabine release while overcoming issues like short half-life, high dosing frequency, and low bioavailability. The resulting MSM/QSM-co-poly(MAA) hydrogel was evaluated for several parameters, including complex structure formation, stability, pH sensitivity, morphology, and elemental composition. FTIR, DSC, and TGA analyses confirmed the formation of a stable, complex cross-linked network, demonstrating excellent stability at elevated temperatures. SEM analysis revealed the hydrogels' smooth, fine texture with porous surfaces. PXRD and EDX results indicated the amorphous dispersion of Capecitabine within the network. The QMM9 formulation achieved an optimal Capecitabine loading of 87.17 %. The gel content of the developed formulations ranged from 65.21 % to 90.23 %. All formulations exhibited excellent swelling behavior, with ratios between 65.91 % and 91.93 % at alkaline pH. In vitro dissolution studies indicated that up to 98 % of Capecitabine was released after 24 h at pH 7.4, demonstrating the potential for sustained release. Furthermore, toxicological evaluation in healthy rabbits confirmed the system's safety, non-toxicity, and biocompatibility.
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Capecitabina , Preparaciones de Acción Retardada , Hidrogeles , Mimosa , Semillas , Hidrogeles/química , Capecitabina/química , Capecitabina/farmacocinética , Semillas/química , Animales , Conejos , Mimosa/química , Liberación de Fármacos , Rosaceae/química , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Mucílago de Planta/química , Portadores de Fármacos/químicaRESUMEN
The Chinese quince (Chaenomeles sinensis (Thouin) Koehne), belongs to the Rosaceae family, is widely distributed throughout Asia, including Republic of Korea. It is used as a traditional treatment for asthma, common cold, and dry pharynx. Numerous recent pharmacological studies on antiinfluenza, antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties have confirmed the medicinal properties of the Chinese quince fruit (Chun et al., 2012). In March 2022, leaf spots on Chinese quince, resulting in defoliation, were observed in Andong, Gyeongsangbuk Province, Korea (Fig. 1A). The disease symptoms are dark brown spots on leaves. Later, the chlorophyll is lost, causing the entire leaf to become wilted and fell off (Fig. 1B). To identify the pathogen, symptomatic leaves were brought to the laboratory, cut into small pieces, and surface-disinfected in 70% ethanol for 15 s and rinsed with sterile distilled water (SDW). The specimens were then treated with 1% NaOCl for 15 s, followed by rinsing with SDW. Thus, surface-disinfected tissues were placed onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates and incubated at 25°C for 7 d. A total of four isolates were obtained from the infected leaves. The colonies were transferred onto freshly prepared PDA plates by the single spore method for further purification. GYUN-10746 isolate was selected as the representative strain among the four isolates and deposited in the Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC 410367). They initially produced white mycelia, which turned dark brown or pale brown at the center and beige at the periphery after 7 d (Fig. 1C and D). Conidiophores were pyriform, sometimes ovoid, or ellipsoidal and brown, measuring 30.8 ± 0.49 × 12.9 ± 0.26 µm (length × width) (n=100) (Fig. 1E). The morphological characteristics were consistent with those of Alternaria alternata (Woudenberg et al. 2015). For molecular identification, DNA was amplified using the following primers: ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990), EF1-728F/EF1-986R (Carbone et al. 1999), Gpd-R/Gpd-F (Berbee et al. 1999), Alt a1-F/Alt a1-R (Hong et al. 2005) and rpb2F/rpb2R (Liu et al. 1999) by PCR. DNA sequences from all 4 isolates (GYUN-10746, GYUN-11193, GYUN-11194 and GYUN-11195) were identical. The ITS (OP594615), TEF1-α (OR327062), GAPDH (OR372157), Alt a 1 (OR327061), and RPB2 (OR352741) sequences from the representative isolate GYUN-10746 were 100% identical to those of previously identified A. alternate isolates. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using sequences of ITS, TEF1-α, GAPDH, Alt a l, and RPB2 to illustrate their relationship with A. alternata and related Alternaria species (Fig. 2). For the pathogenicity test, healthy Chinese quince branch containing leaves were inoculated with 7-day-old mycelial plugs of A. alternata, while leaves on a branch inoculated with PDA plugs alone served as a control group. Thus inoculated branches were incubated at 25°C for 7 d. Disease symptoms were developed on leaves of the branches inoculated with mycelial plugs of the fungal pathogen (Fig. 1F), while no symptoms developed on control group. The resulting leaf spots resembled those on the original infected plants. To confirm Koch's postulates, the pathogen was re-isolated from inoculated leaves with identical morphological and molecular characteristics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf spot caused by A. alternata in C. sinensis in Korea. The identification of the pathogen may provide pertinent information for the development of disease controlling strategies.
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Introduction: Pseudocydonia sinensis, also known as Chinese quince, is a perennial shrub or small tree highly valued for its edibility and medicinal properties. Method: This study presents the first chromosome-level genome assembly of P. sinensis, achieved using HiFi sequencing and Hi-C scaffolding technology. Results: The assembly resulted in a high-quality genome of 576.39 Mb in size. The genome was anchored to 17 pseudo-chromosomes, with a contig N50 of 27.6 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 33.8 Mb. Comprehensive assessment using BUSCO, CEGMA and BWA tools indicates the high completeness and accuracy of the genome assembly. Our analysis identified 116 species-specific genes, 1196 expanded genes and 1109 contracted genes. Additionally, the distribution of 4DTv values suggests that the most recent duplication event occurred before the divergence of P. sinensis from both Chaenomeles pinnatifida and Pyrus pyrifolia. Discussion: The assembly of this high-quality genome provides a valuable platform for the genetic breeding and cultivation of P. sinensis, as well as for the comparison of the genetic complexity of P. sinensis with other important crops in the Rosaceae family.
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In the present study, the effect of the addition of quince and collagen type I and III to dessert chocolate on its functional properties was determined. The study evaluated the antioxidant potential of the tested formulations using the FRAP method and the linoleic acid oxidation test and beta-carotene bleaching test. The tested samples were also evaluated for inhibitory activity against enzymes important in preventive health (inflammation and neurodegenerative disorders) namely: AChE, BChE, GR, GPx, COX, and SOD. The addition of quince and collagen to the chocolate samples resulted in higher activity compared to the control sample, as indicated by the FRAP test. The experiment highlighted the impact of including quince fruit on the antioxidant activity of the chocolate samples. Interestingly, merely increasing the quince fruit amount did not consistently enhance antioxidant potential. Specifically, chocolate samples with a lower proportion of quince fruit (2 g/100 g) exhibited greater antioxidant activity when supplemented with collagen I. Conversely, in samples with higher quince percentages (3 g and 4 g), those enriched with collagen III showed higher antioxidant activity. Similar correlations were observed in the linoleic acid oxidation test. Notably, samples containing 3 g and 4 g of quince and type III collagen demonstrated statistically similar highest antioxidant properties. Regardless of the collagen type used, there was no observed increase in activity towards the tested enzymes for samples with the lowest percentage of quince fruit. Both collagen types exhibited the highest activity in the inhibition assay against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase when combined with 3 g and 4 g of quince. Overall, the experimental incorporation of both fruit and collagen enhanced the chocolates' activity. Similarly to the antioxidant activity findings, chocolates with lower quince fruit quantities showed increased activity when supplemented with collagen III, while those with higher quince content (3 g and 4 g) displayed higher activity with collagen I. Bitter chocolate by itself is an attractive food product, rich in many bioactive compounds. However, enriching it with other attractive raw materials can make its properties and taste even more attractive.
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Antioxidantes , Chocolate , Rosaceae , Chocolate/análisis , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Animales , Rosaceae/química , Colágeno , Inflamación/prevención & control , Frutas/química , Porcinos , Oxidación-Reducción/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
This study presents the rheological properties of quince seed gum (Q) solution in comparison with xanthan gum (X) and locust bean gums (L) and the polymeric interactions of different ratios of Q:X and Q:L blends (1:1, 1:3 and 3:1). Q exhibits greater and stronger elastic properties than X and L. The frequency and temperature stability of Q and X are both higher than that of L. The viscoelastic properties of Q:X and Q:L solutions were found to be higher than those of the individual solutions. The higher polymer entanglements observed in Q:L blends resulted in enhanced synergistic interactions and thixotropy compared to Q:X. 3QX exhibited an enhanced elastic structure, but the best synergism was observed for 3QL due to the establishment of a stronger intermolecular bond for gelling. The lower tan δ observed with increasing Q indicate a Q-induced synergistic interaction with L. At all temperatures, 3QL showed the highest thixotropy. The combination of Q and L resulted in the formation of a true gel, with the higher gel strength being observed for QL and 3QL. This study shows that Q:L and Q:X combinations can yield desired flow properties. In particular, L provides a firmer gel network with Q.
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Galactanos , Mananos , Gomas de Plantas , Polisacáridos Bacterianos , Reología , Semillas , Soluciones , Polisacáridos Bacterianos/química , Gomas de Plantas/química , Mananos/química , Galactanos/química , Semillas/química , Rosaceae/química , Viscosidad , Agua/química , TemperaturaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The regeneration of tissue damage involves a series of molecular and cellular events that can be mediated by various natural compounds. Recent studies have highlighted the anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, and skin-protecting properties of Cydonia oblonga (Quince), which are mainly attributed to phenolic compounds. These compounds may have some drawbacks when targeting wound applications, including low bioavailability at the wound site. Moreover, to overcome these limitations, surfactant-based nanovesicular systems have been developed as carriers of such compounds for wound healing. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to highlight the possible therapeutic potential of niosome-based hydrogel from Quince extract to stabilize and deliver the related bioactive compounds to full-thickness wounds in rats. METHODS: The niosomal hydrogel was prepared using a thin-film hydration method with the fruit extract (70% methanol). The formulation was optimized by evaluating size, zeta potential, dispersion index, and drug encapsulation efficiency. Full-thickness wounds were created on the dorsal cervical area of Wistar rats, and histopathological analysis of biopsy specimens was conducted on the 12th day of treatment. RESULTS: Under the study conditions, niosomal hydrogel displayed good physicochemical stability. Histopathological findings demonstrated that niosomal gel promoted angiogenesis, fibroblast maturation, collagen deposition, keratinization, and epidermal layer formation more effectively than control and hydrogel base. Furthermore, niosomal gel treatment markedly reduced inflammation. The total phenol concentration was determined to be 13.34 ± 0.90 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram of dried extract. CONCLUSION: The niosomal hydrogel containing C. oblonga extract shows potential as a novel approach for wound healing, warranting further investigation in this field.
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The abilities of Chinese quince free proanthocyanidins (FP) and bound proanthocyanidins (BP) at different levels (0.1%, 0.15%, and 0.3%) to mitigate heterocyclic aromatic amine (HAA) formation in fried chicken patties were investigated for the first time and compared with vitamin C (Vc). FP and BP reduced HAAs in a dose-dependent manner. Significantly, high concentrations of FP (0.3%) resulted in a reduction of PhIP, harman, and norharman levels by 59.84%, 22.91%, and 38.21%, respectively, in chicken patties. The addition of proanthocyanidins significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the weight loss of fried chicken patties. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed among pH, weight loss, and total HAA formation in all three groups (FP, BP, and Vc). Multivariate analysis showed that FP had a more pronounced effect than BP from the perspective of enhancing the quality of fried chicken patties and reducing the formation of HAAs. These results indicate that proanthocyanidins, both BP and FP, but especially FP, from Chinese quince can inhibit the formation of carcinogenic HAAs when added to protein-rich foods that are subsequently fried.
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Aminas , Pollos , Culinaria , Proantocianidinas , Rosaceae , Animales , Aminas/química , Culinaria/métodos , Compuestos Heterocíclicos/química , Proantocianidinas/análisis , Proantocianidinas/farmacología , Rosaceae/química , ChinaRESUMEN
Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) have potential carcinogenic and mutagenic activity and are generated in cooked protein-rich foods. Adding proanthocyanidins (PAs) to these foods before frying is an effective way to reduce HCAs. In this study, polymeric PAs (PPA) and ultrasound-assisted acid-catalyzed/catechin nucleophilic depolymerized PAs (UAPA, a type of oligomeric PA) were prepared from Chinese quince fruits (CQF). Different levels of PPA and UAPA (0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.15%) were added to chicken meatballs and tofu; then these foods were fried, and the content of HCAs in them after frying was investigated. The results showed that PPA and, particularly, UAPA significantly inhibited the formation of HCAs in fried meatballs and tofu, and this inhibition was dose-dependent. The inhibition of HCAs by both PPA and UAPA was stronger in the chicken meatballs than in fried tofu. The level of total HCAs was significantly reduced by 57.84% (from 11.93 to 5.03 ng/g) after treatment of meatballs with 0.15% UAPA, with inhibition rates of 78.94%, 50.37%, and 17.81% for norharman, harman, and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), respectively. Of note, there was a negative correlation between water, lipid, protein, creatine, and glucose content and HCA content in the crust, interior, and whole (crust-plus-interior) measurements of all fried samples. Interestingly, PPA and UAPA were found more effective in inhibiting HCAs in the exterior crust than in the interior of the fried chicken meatballs. These results provide evidence that further studies on the reduction of the formation of harmful HCAs in fried foods by adding CQF PAs could be valuable to the fried food industry. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Chinese quince proanthocyanidins treatments significantly inhibited the generation of heterocyclic amines (HCAs) in chicken meatballs and tofu when deep-fried. These results suggest that Chinese quince proanthocyanidins can be used as natural food additive for reducing HCAs in fried foods, laying the foundation for using Chinese quince fruit proanthocyanidins for HCA inhibition in the food industry.
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Aminas , Pollos , Culinaria , Proantocianidinas , Animales , Aminas/química , Culinaria/métodos , Frutas/química , Compuestos Heterocíclicos/química , Compuestos Heterocíclicos/análisis , Calor , Productos de la Carne/análisis , Proantocianidinas/farmacología , Proantocianidinas/análisis , ChinaRESUMEN
This research aimed to extract oleosome from the Bene kernel as a carrier of beta-carotene (3, 5, and 10 % w/w) and then use oleosomes in the Quince seed gum (QSG) electrosprayed nanoparticles for the sustained release of beta-carotene in food simulant. Oleosomes loaded with 5 % w/w beta-carotene had the highest encapsulation efficiency (94.53 % ± 1.23 %) and were used at 1, 3, and 5 % w/w in the QSG electrosprayed nanoparticles. Electrospray feed solutions containing 5 % oleosomes loaded with beta-carotene had the highest zeta potential (-34.45 ± 0.58 mV) and the lowest surface tension (23.47 ± 1.10 mN/m). FESEM images showed that with the increase of oleosomes up to 3 % w/w, the average size of the electrosprayed particles decreases. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) test proved the presence of protein in the oleosomes and their successful extraction from Bene seeds. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and FTIR proved the successful entrapment of beta-carotene in the oleosomes structure and the successful placement of oleosomes containing beta-carotene in the electrosprayed nanoparticles. The predominant driving force involving the release of beta-carotene from the designed structures in food simulants was the Fickian release mechanism. The Peleg model was introduced as the best model describing the beta-carotene release.
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Rosaceae , beta Caroteno , beta Caroteno/química , Gotas Lipídicas , Semillas/química , ColoidesRESUMEN
Chinese quince fruits (Chaenomeles sinensis) contain substantial amounts of lignin; however, the exact structure of lignin remains to be investigated. In this study, milled wood lignins (Milled wood lignin (MWL)-1, MWL-2, MWL-3, MWL-4, MWL-5, and MWL-6) were extracted from fruits harvested once a month from May to October 2019 to investigate their structural evolution during fruit growth. The samples were characterized via High-performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermogravimetric (TGA), pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and NMR (2D-heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) and 31P). The MWL samples in all fruit growth stages were GS-type lignin and lignin core undergoing minimal alterations during fruit development. The predominant linkage in the lignin structure was ß-O-4', followed by ß-ß' and ß-5'. Galactose and glucose were the main monosaccharides associated with MWL. In MWL-6, the lignin exhibited the highest homogeneity and thermal stability. As the fruit matured, a gradual increase in the ß-O-4' proportion and the ratio of S/G was observed. The results provide comprehensive characterization of the cell wall lignin of quince fruit as it matures. This study could inspire innovative applications of quince fruit lignin and provide the optimal harvest time for lignin utilization.
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Lignina , Rosaceae , Lignina/química , Frutas/química , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Rosaceae/química , Madera/química , ChinaRESUMEN
Chinese quince (Chaenomeles sinensis) fruit is an underutilized resource, rich in proanthocyanidins with antioxidant ability but poor lipid solubility. In this study, a novel modified oligomeric proanthocyanidin (MOPA) was prepared, which exhibited favorable lipid solubility (354.52 mg/100 g). It showed higher radical scavenging abilities than commercial antioxidant-BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole), both at 0.4-0.5 mg/mL. The addition of MOPA (0.04 %wt.) significantly increased the oxidative stability index of the soybean oil from 5.52 to 8.03 h, which was slightly lower than that of BHA (8.35 h). Analysis of the physicochemical properties and composition of oil during deep-frying showed that MOPA demonstrated significant antioxidant effects and effectively restricted the oil oxidation. This inhibition also delays the formation of heterocyclic amines (HAs) in fried food, thereby reducing the migration of HAs from food to deep-frying oil. Therefore, MOPA is a promising novel liposoluble antioxidant for protecting the quality of deep-frying oil.
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Fenilacetatos , Proantocianidinas , Rosaceae , Antioxidantes/química , Aceite de Soja/química , ChinaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Nanoparticles are used in various fields such as chemistry, pharmacy, biotechnology, and food science since they provide higher sensitivity than traditional optical detection methods. Recently, synthesis of nanomaterials using green chemistry has become popular. Many phytochemical components are used in the synthesis of nanoparticles, including vitamins, proteins, polysaccharides, glycosides, essential oils and phenolic compounds. OBJECTIVE: A novel green nanotechnology-based method using quince seed mucilage (QSM) was designed for the determination of ascorbic acid in pharmaceutical preparations. QSM, a natural polysaccharide, was used as a bioreducing and stabilizing reagent in the proposed silver nanoparticle (SNP)-based method. METHOD: In the first stage of the developed method, silver(I) is reduced to silver(0) via QSM and spherical, homogeneous SNPs were prepared (QSM-SNPs). In the second stage of the developed method, SNPs nuclei were enlarged with the addition of ascorbic acid. The developed method was validated by performance parameters (linearity, recovery, and precision). Ascorbic acid determination was performed by measuring increase in absorbance at 420 nm. RESULTS: The limit of detection and limit of quantification for ascorbic acid were, respectively, found to be at 0.27 and 0.90 µM. The QSM-SNP-based method was successfully applied to effervescent tablets containing ascorbic acid. The standards of the excipients frequently used in pharmaceutical preparations did not interfere with the developed method. CONCLUSION: The developed QSM-SNP-based method satisfies the requirements of green nanotechnology. The developed QSM-SNP-based method is simple, fast, eco-friendly and low-cost.
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Nanopartículas del Metal , Rosaceae , Ácido Ascórbico/análisis , Plata/análisis , Plata/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Rosaceae/química , Semillas/química , Polisacáridos/análisis , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas/análisisRESUMEN
Pectin's physicochemical, structural, and functional characteristics vary widely depending on the source of extraction. In this study, pectins were extracted from seedless quince and pomegranate peel, and their physicochemical, structural, and functional properties were investigated. A Box-Behnken Design with three factors and three levels was applied to optimize the pectin extraction yield from each matrix. As a result, the best extraction yields for quince pectin (QP) and pomegranate peel pectin (PPP) were 11.44 and 12.08 % (w/w), respectively. Both extracted pectins exhibit a linear structure, with the homogalacturonan domain dominating the rhamnogalacturonan I. Both pectins are highly methyl-esterified (DM > 69 %) with a higher degree of acetylation for PPP than QP, with 12 and 8 %, respectively. Unlike QP, PPP has a narrow, homogenous distribution and greater molecular weight (120 kDa). Regarding functionality, 1 g of QP could retain 4.92 g of water, and both pectin emulsions were more stable at room temperature than at 4 °C. When the concentration of QP is increased, rheological measurements demonstrate that it exhibits pseudoplastic behavior. Finally, QP can be used as a thickener, whereas PPP can be utilized as starting material for chemical changes to create multifunctional pectins.
Asunto(s)
Granada (Fruta) , Pectinas/química , Frutas/química , Emulsiones/química , Peso MolecularRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the moisturizing efficacy of quince fruit, used in folk medicine. For this purpose, the phytoconstituents of Cydonia oblonga fruit extract, like phenolics and flavonoids, were determined. A stable cosmetic emulgel containing 4% Cydonia oblonga fresh fruit extract was formulated and subjected to in vivo evaluation compared with a control. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cydonia oblonga fresh fruit extract was evaluated for tyrosinase activity and phenolic and flavonoid content. A stable emulgel containing 4% Cydonia oblonga fresh fruit extract was formulated and tested in a skin irritation test. After this, in vivo tests of erythema, moisture, sebum, and skin elasticity were conducted. The in vivo evaluation was a randomized and single-blind study. Thirteen healthy female volunteers were selected for a three-month study period. RESULTS: Cydonia oblonga fruit extract showed good phenolic and flavonoid content, which was associated with its good antioxidant and tyrosinase-inhibiting activity. Cydonia oblonga containing the emulgel showed a reduction in sebum and erythema, while the elasticity and moisture content showed increments in their levels after the three-month application of the formulation. The fruit contains chlorogenic acid and many sugars, which might account for its anti-inflammatory and sebum reduction effects; it is also capable of enhancing the skin's hydration level and decreasing skin sagging by enhancing its elasticity. CONCLUSION: The emulgel loaded with Cydonia oblonga fresh fruit extract is verified regarding its folklore status as a moisturizing agent that enhances the facial skin cells' resilience potential.