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The genus Charitoprepes is revised based on morphological characteristics, and Charitoprepesaciculatasp. nov. is described as new from China. Additionally, the female genitalia of C.lubricosa are described for the first time based on new material. The differences among species of this genus are diagnosed, along with images of adults and their genitalia.

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Bradina is a species-rich genus that differs from most other Spilomelinae genera because of its distinctive wing venation. Most species of this genus are very similar in appearance. In this study, we have studied morphological characteristics of the genus and eight closely related species from China. Among them, B.falciculata Guo & Du, sp. nov., B.fusoidea Guo & Du, sp. nov., B.spirella Guo & Du, sp. nov., B.ternifolia Guo & Du, sp. nov. and B.torsiva Guo & Du, sp. nov. are described as new to science. Bradinamegesalis (Walker, 1859), B.translinealis Hampson, 1896 and B.subpurpurescens (Warren, 1896) are redescribed based on their holotypes and additional material, and the latter two are newly recorded from China and their genitalia are described for the first time. The images of the habitus and genitalia of these eight species are provided, with a key to their identification.

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To resolve and reconstruct phylogenetic relationships within Pyraloidea based on molecular data, the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) was widely applied to understand phylogenetic relations at different taxonomic levels. In this research, a complete mitogenome of Cydalima perspectalis was recorded, and the phylogenetic position of C. perspectalis was inferred based on the sequence in combination with other available sequence data. According to the research, the circular mitochondrial genome is 15,180 bp in length. It contains 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), 13 typical protein-coding genes (PCGs), and a non-coding control region. The arrangement of a gene of the C. perspectalis mitogenome is not the same as the putative ancestral arthropod mitogenome. All of the PCGs are initiated by ATN codons, except for the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene, which is undertaken by CGA. Five genes have incomplete stop codons that contain only 'T'. All tRNA genes display a typical clover-leaf structure of mitochondrial tRNA, except for trnS1 (AGN). The control region contained an 'ATAGG(A)'-like motif followed by a poly-T stretch. Based on the mitochondrial data, phylogenetic analysis within Pyraloidea was carried out using Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) analyses. Phylogenetic analysis showed that C. perspectalis is more closely related to Pygospila tyres within Spilomelinae than those of Crambidae and Pyraloidea.

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ABSTRACT The identity of Syllepte incomptalis Hübner, 1823 is elucidated. Pantographa Lederer, 1863, syn. n., and Micromartinia Amsel, 1957, syn. n., are junior synonyms of Syllepte Hübner, 1823, including 15 species: S. incomptalis Hübner, 1823 (=P. idmonalis Druce, 1895, syn. n.); S. acoetesalis (Walker, 1859), comb. n.; dialis Schaus, 1912 (=S. strigicincta Hampson, 1912, syn. n.); S. expansalis (Lederer, 1863), comb. n.; S. gorgonalis (Druce, 1895), comb. n.; S. limata (Grote & Robinson, 1867), comb. n.; S. scripturalis (Guenée, 1854), comb. n.; S. suffusalis (Druce, 1895), comb. n.; S. fraternalis Becker, sp. n., from Mexico; S. confusalis Becker, sp. n. from Brazil, and S. sororalis Becker, sp. n., from Brazil. Neomabra Dognin, 1905, stat. rev., is revalidated, including two species: N. nitidalis Dognin, 1905, comb. rev. and N. serratilinealis (Lederer, 1863), comb. n. Bocchoropsis Amsel, 1956, syn. n. is a junior synonym of Haritalodes Warren, 1890, including two species: H. derogata (Fabricius, 1775) and H. pharaxalis (Druce, 1895), comb. n. (=S. prorogata Hampson, 1912, syn. n.; =B. plenilinealis Dyar, 1917, syn. n.). Psara imbroglialis (Dyar, 1914), comb. n. [from Syllepte]. Illustrations of adults and genitalia are provided to enable the identification of the species treated here.

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The mitochondrial genetic markers are considered useful tools for discrimination between more closely related lepidopteran taxa. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of mitochondrial (mt) 16 s rRNA gene in the determination of the taxonomic position for two moth species within Ditrysia clade. Maximum likelihood analysis has indicated a well-supported dendrogram based on the Tamura-Nei model for the recovered lepidopterans. The mt 16 s rRNA query sequences from 24 species within seven families were analyzed. This analysis and bootstrap confidence revealed two major clades representing Glossata suborder within Lepidoptera, with a close relationship of Noctuoidea + (Pyraloidea (Hesperioidea + Papilionoidea)). The subfamily Heliothinae forming a sister group with Risobinae (Noctinae + Hadeninae). In addition, there is a clear observation about the close relation between Phycitinae + Galleriinae within Pyraloidea and Cyrestinae + Limenitidinae within Papilionoidea. The present study supported that the Helicoverpa and Meroptera species are the first accounts of these genera inhabiting Saudi Arabia.

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The complete mitochondrial genomes of three species of Odontiinae were newly sequenced: Dausara latiterminalis Yoshiyasu, Heortia vitessoides (Moore), and Pseudonoorda nigropunctalis (Hampson). These circular and double-stranded mitogenomes vary from 15,084 bp to 15,237 bp in size, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs) and an A + T-rich region. The nucleotide composition indicated a strong A/T bias. Most PCGs are initiated with an ATN codon and terminated by a codon of TAR. All tRNAs could be folded into the clover-leaf structure with the exception of trnS1 (AGN), in which the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm formed a simple loop, and the motif 'ATAG' and 'ATTTA' in the A + T-rich region was also founded. The phylogenomic analyses covering Odontiinae + 11 subfamilies of Pyraloidea were conducted. Similar topologies were generated from both Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) analyses based on the nucleotide and amino acid sequence data. There was some discrepancy in the sister-group relationship of Odontiinae and Glaphyriinae, and the relationships among the subfamilies in the 'CAMMSS clade' of the Crambidae. The results of this study suggest that mitogenomic data are useful for resolving the deep-level relationships of Pyraloidea and the topologies generated from amino acid data might be more realistic and reliable. Moreover, more mitogenomic taxon sampling and larger scale analyses with more genes or a combination of mitogenomic and nuclear genes are needed to reconstruct a comprehensive framework of the pyraloid phylogeny.

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In this paper, twelve Pyraloidea species are newly recorded in the Turkish fauna. A new species of Pyralidae (Phycitinae), Ancylosis igdirensis sp. nov. is described. And, the female genitalia of Sciota campicolella Erschoff, 1874 is described for the first time. The pictures related to the species are illustrated.

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Three Asclerobia species from the Palaearctic region are reviewed and diagnosed. A new species-Asclerobia alexandrae sp. nov. from Tyva region of Russia is described. The lectotype of Sclerobia tchahabarella Amsel, 1950 is designated, and the new combination-Asclerobia tchahabarella (Amsel, 1950) comb. nov. is proposed. A key to the species is given based on the combination of external and genitalia characters of both sexes.

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A new species of the genus Minooa Yamanaka, 1996 is described from Xizang Autonomous Region, China. Minooa longisacca sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from its congeners in the male genitalia by the sclerotized, short, bifurcated process at the base of the sacculus and the medial ridge connecting the apex of sacculus and base of costa of valva dentate and with a short thorn-like process at apex of ridge. DNA barcodes of all the Chinese species are provided along with illustrations of adult and genitalia and an updated key to all the species of Minooa worldwide.

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Eleven species of the genus Dusungwua Kemal, Kizildag Koçak 2020 in China are reviewed with emendation of the generic charaters. Among them, six new species, Dusungwua antennalveata Ren Li, sp. nov., D. basinigra Ren Li, sp. nov., D. fascecornuta Ren Li, sp. nov., D. paripalpa Ren Li, sp. nov., D. similiquadrangula Ren Li, sp. nov. and D. strictivinculum Ren Li, sp. nov. are described as new to science. Also, the following taxonomic changes are proposed: Eurhodope pseudodichromella Yamanaka, 1980 syn. nov. is synonymized with D. dichromella (Ragonot, 1893), Trachycera nipponella Yamanaka, 2000 syn. nov., Trachycera vicinella Yamanaka, 2000 syn. nov. and Trachycera yakushimensis Yamanaka, 2000 syn. nov. are synonymized with D. paradichromella (Yamanaka, 1980). The female of D. quadrangula (Du, Sung Wu, 2005) is described for the first time. Photos of adults as well as male and female genitalia are provided, along with a key to the Chinese species and a distibution map to show the localities of these species.

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Rice leaffolders are important pests on rice in Asia, Oceania, and Africa, causing serious loss to rice production. There are two main rice leaffolders in China, namely Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) and C. exigua (Butler) with the former having the ability of long-distance migration. To reveal the differences in the mitochondrial genomes (mitogenome) between them, we compared the completed mitogenome of C. exigua with three C. medinalis individuals. Although phylogenetic analysis based on the mitogenomic data strongly supported the close relationship between these two species, many differences were still being revealed. The results showed that the mitogenome of C. exigua was shorter in length (15,262 bp) and slight lower in AT content than that of C. medinalis. Except for the different start codons of nad3 and nad6 gene, we also found the cox1 gene had a typical start codon 'ATG' which suggested that the starting position of this gene must be reconsidered in the entire superfamily Pyraloidea. All tRNAs have a typical clover-leaf structure, except for the dihydrouridine (DHU) stem losing of trnS1, which has the atypical anticondon 'TCT' instead of 'GCT' in C. medinalis and most Pyraloidea species. Two intergenic regions (between trnY and cox1, nad3 and trnA) featured by AT repeats were only found in C. medinalis and even rarely appeared in reported Pyraloidea species. Furthermore, regardless of interspecific comparison or intraspecific comparison of these two species, protein coding genes, especially the atp8 genes, had quite different evolutionary rates.

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The genus Peucela Ragonot, 1891 from China is revised. Three species are described as new to science, P. acutativalva sp. nov., P. baishanzuensis sp. nov., and P. nigra sp. nov. In addition, P. olivalis comb. nov. is newly combined. Photographs of adults, and male and female genitalia are provided. A key to the species of Peucela in China is also provided.

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We present an assembly and annotation of the mitogenome of a European specimen of the Adzuki bean borer, Ostrinia scapulalis (Walker, 1859). The data were obtained by combining WGS data issue of a de novo and a previously published sequence library (Gschloessl et al., 2018). We also provide the phylogenetic positioning of the mitogenome within the Ostrinia genus, the Crambidae family and with more distant Lepidoptera species.

RESUMEN

The genus Leucinodella Strand (1918) is reported from Laos for the first time, with a new species, Leucinodella banthaensis n. sp., and one newly recorded species, Leucinodella leucostola (Hampson, 1896). A key to Leucinodella species in Laos is provided, with illustrations of adults and genitalia.

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The genus Epicrocis Zeller, 1848 is reviewed in China. Three species are described as new: Epicrocis datianensis sp. nov., E. maculata sp. nov. and E. flabelloformis sp. nov. Epicrocis pramaoyensis Bae Qi, 2015 and E. metallopa (Lower, 1898) are newly recorded in China. Images of adults and genitalia are provided, along with a key and a distribution map to all the known Chinese species.

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Psorosa desaturata sp. nov. and Psorosa pseudoelbursella sp. nov. are described from Karatau Mts. in South Kazakhstan. Male and female genitalia of the species as well as the habitus of the imagines are illustrated. Psorosa desaturata sp. nov. is similar to Psorosa nucleolella (Möschler, 1866) and Psorosa mediterranella Amsel, 1954. Psorosa pseudoelbursella sp. nov. belongs to the Psorosa maraschella Caradja, 1910 species group.

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Three species of Vietnamodes are revised from China. Among them, Vietnamodes unicispina Qi et Li, sp. nov. is described as new to science. In addition, the female of V. dogueti Leraut, 2017 is described for the first time. V. dogueti Leraut, 2017 and V. adelinae Leraut, 2017 are newly recorded from China. Photographs of adults and male and female genitalia are provided, along with keys to the species of Vietnamodes in China.

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The greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella Linnaeus, is well known as a pest of honey bees and for the biodegradation of wax and polyethylene by their larvae. The genus Galleria has long been considered monotypic and found worldwide. A taxonomic study of the genus Galleria is presented based on morphological and molecular characters (COI, CAD, wg). A new species (Galleria similis Roh & Song, sp. nov.) is recognized on the Korean peninsula. The new species is superficially similar to G. mellonella but they can be separated by the structures of hindwing venation and male genitalia. Habitus photographs and illustrations of diagnostic characters are provided.

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The genus Nagiella was studied using morphological and DNA barcode data. Nagiella bispina sp. nov. is described as a new species, and N. hortulatoides Munroe is recorded in China for the first time. The diagnosis of this genus is revised, and the genitalia description of N. quadrimaculalis (Kollar and Redtenbacher) and N. inferior (Hampson) are given in English for the first time. Nosophora incomitata (Swinhoe) stat. rev. is removed from the synonym of N. quadrimaculalis. Photographs of the habitus and genitalia as well as COI DNA Barcode data of these four species are provided.

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The New Zealand fauna of snout moths (Pyraloidea) predominantly consists of endemic species. During 2017 and 2018, 56 species of Pyraloidea in 1,749 individuals were collected at 14 localities. All species were screened for Wolbachia-infection, with specimens of eight species (14%) being positive, of which six species belong to Scopariinae. This is the first record of Wolbachia-infection amongst New Zealand Lepidoptera. The most common pyraloid species, Eudonia submarginalis and Orocrambus flexuosellus, were analysed for a larger set of individuals looking for sex ratio and Wolbachia-infection. There is a sex ratio bias towards females in both species, but it varies in space and time. Wolbachia is found in all populations of E. submarginalis with 10-80% of the tested individuals being positive, depending on locality. No Wolbachia-infection has been found in O. flexuosellus. Thus, sex ratio bias might be linked to Wolbachia-infection in E. submarginalis, but not in O. flexuosellus.