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With the increasing need to promote healthy and sustainable diets, seaweeds emerge as an environmentally friendly food source, offering a promising alternative for food production. The aim of this study was to characterize the brown seaweed Sargassum filipendula from the coast of São Paulo, Brazil, regarding its nutritional and techno-functional properties using two dehydration methods, oven drying and lyophilized. A commercial dried sample was used as a control. Analyses of proximate composition, mineral determination, amino acid determination, antioxidant capacity, pH, color, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal properties, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and techno-functional properties were performed. Seaweed flours showed significant differences in physicochemical composition, with dietary fiber content of seaweed flours exceeding 70 %. Glutamic and aspartic acids were the most abundant amino acids, with contents of 88.56 and 56.88 mg/g of protein in Sargassum oven drying. Both for antioxidant potential and bioactive compounds, Sargassum lyophilized flours showed the highest levels of compounds. Sargassum lyophilized exhibited lighter color compared to Sargassum oven drying and Sargassum commercial. Emulsion formation, foam formation capacity and stability were higher in Sargassum lyophilized, as well as water and oil absorption. The results suggest that seaweeds can be used to formulate a wide variety of food products, such as sausages, bread, cakes, soups, and sauces.

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Rubus is an economically important fruit, highly valued for its taste and medicinal properties. Itis estimated that there are between 400 and 700 species, but many of them are still unknown to the general population. There is a little information in the literature about the physicochemical and bioactive composition, as well as the antioxidant activity of these fruit, which is why this research was carried out. The fruits showed lipids (7.42%), ash (0.27%), dietary protein (11.54%), fiber (23.72%), carbohydrates (59.18%), low acidity, and good °Brix. Regarding bioactive compounds, good concentrations of phenolic compounds (289.4 (mg. g-1 EAG), flavonoids (155 mg100g-1), anthocyanins (120.11 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside 100 g-1), and phytoene (517.3 mg100g-1) were found. The wild strawberry showed a good antioxidant capacity, which was confirmed by different analytical methods. Because of the results of this research, it is concluded that this fruit has nutritional and phytochemical potential that should be included in the human diet, and its consumption should therefore be encouraged.

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Seaweeds are a rich source of nutritional and functional compounds, but they also accumulate heavy metals. Here, the chemical composition (crude protein, total lipids, Nitrogen Free Extract and fiber) and the presence of minerals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mo, Se) and unwanted elements (As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Ni, Cr, Al) were determined in eleven seaweeds from Chile. Depending on the species, a good contribution to the Recommended Dietary Allowance for K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and Se was observed, and low Na/K ratios (<1.0) as well. The health risk assessment indicated low hazard due to intake of seaweed meal. The mean values of As, Hg, and Pb were below the maximum limits set for food supplements and feed ingredients. The seaweeds studied have a suitable chemical composition for their uses as food and feed ingredients, although Cd levels should be monitoring especially in brown seaweeds.

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Cucurbita foetidissima and C. radicans are scarcely studied wild pumpkin species that grow in arid and semi-arid areas of Mexico and the United States. This study describes the morphological, proximal composition, metabolic finger-prints and seed protein profiles of C. foetidissima and C. radicans fruits collected in the wild during a one-year period in different locations of central-western Mexico. The results obtained complement the limited information concerning the fruit composition of C. foetidissima and greatly expand information in this respect regarding C. radicans. Morphology and proximal composition of their fruits varied significantly. Different metabolic fingerprints and seed protein profiles were detected between them and also with the chemical composition of domesticated Cucurbita fruits. The neutral lipids in seed, pulp and peels were rich in wax content and in unsaturated compounds, probably carotenoids and tocopherols, in addition to tri-, di- and mono-acylglycerols. The tri- and diacylglycerol profiles of their seed oils were different from commercial seed oils and between each other. They also showed unusual fatty acid compositions. Evidence of a possible alkaloid in the pulp and peel of both species was obtained in addition to several putative cucurbitacins. An abundance of phenolic acids was found in all fruit parts, whereas flavonoids were only detected in the peels. Unlike most cucurbits, globulins were not the main protein fraction in the seeds of C. radicans, whereas the non-structural carbohydrate and raffinose oligosaccharide content in their fruit parts was lower than in other wild cucurbit species. These results emphasize the significantly different chemical composition of these two marginally studied Cucurbita species, which was more discrepant in C. radicans, despite the notion regarding C. foetidissima as an aberrant species with no affinity to any other Cucurbita species.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary brown seaweed (Macrocystis pyrifera) additive (SWA) on meat quality and nutrient composition of commercial fattening pigs. The treatments were: Regular diet with 0% inclusion of SWA (CON); Regular diet with 2% SWA (2%-SWA); Regular diet with 4% SWA (4%-SWA). After slaughtering, five carcasses from each group were selected, and longissimus lumborum (LL) samples were taken for meat quality and chemical composition analysis. Meat quality traits (except redness intensity) were not affected (p > 0.05) by treatments. Samples from the 4%-SWA treatment showed the lowest a value than those from the 2%-SWA and CON treatments (p = 0.05). Meat samples from the 4%-SWA group contained 3.37 and 3.81 mg/100 g more of muscle cholesterol than CON and 2% SWA groups, respectively (p < 0.05). The SWA treatments affected (p ≤ 0.05) the content of ash, Mn, Fe, and Cu. The LL samples from 4%-SWA had the highest content of ash; however, they showed 0.13, 0.45, and 0.23 less mg/100 g of Mn, Fe, and Zn, respectively, compared to samples from CON (p ≤ 0.05). Fatty acids composition and macro minerals content (Na, Mg, and K) did not show variation due to the SWA treatments. Further studies are needed to understand the biological effects of these components on adipogenesis, cholesterol metabolism, and mineral deposition in muscle.

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The aim of this study was to analyze the seed characteristics and nutritional composition of five pine nut P. cembroides samples from two Mexican states. Morphometry, proximal composition, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity were determined. Samples differed in several morphometric trails, but important differences were documented between SMCH and JCZH samples from Hidalgo State. JCZH and FMH had the highest contents of water, lipids, protein, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity, while CMCC population from Chihuahua State had presented the highest content of ash and carbohydrates. Morphometry and chemical composition data were subjected to clustering analysis. This analysis showed that SMCH and LFCH from Hidalgo State were well separated from the JCZH and FMH populations from Hidalgo State, which showed a strong similarity between them, while the CMCC from Chihuahua State was the most distant population. Principal components analysis showed that the variables that strongly contributed to PC1 were the antioxidant activity determined by FRAP assay, flavonoids, and water content. These data have provided biochemical markers that could help to establish phylogenetic associations between populations, and also to reveal potentially account as an alternative source for dietary nutrition.

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Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott, conocida comúnmente como taro o malanga se cultiva en los trópicos húmedos en varios países de África, América y Asia y su tubérculo es un alimento esencial para humanos y animales. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar física y nutricionalmente la harina del tubérculo de malanga cultivada en Actopan, Edo. De Veracruz, México. Se llevaron a cabo análisis químico proximal, aminoácidos, fracciones de fibra, minerales, actividad de agua, color, factores antinutricionales y contenido de fenoles totales. Los resultados indican un contenido de humedad de 6,87 g/100 g, proteína cruda de 5,93 g/100 g, extracto etéreo 1,25 g/100 g, fibra dietaria 12,08 g/100g, cenizas 3,47 g/100 g y extracto libre de nitrógeno 77,27 g/100g. El contenido de fenoles totales fue de 113,57±14 expresado como miligramos de equivalente de ácido gálico (mg EAG/100g). La harina de malanga presentó un alto contenido de K (1743 mg/100 g) y bajo en Na (9,25 mg/100 g). Se concluye que a pesar de no ser una fuente importante de proteína el perfil de aminoácidos esenciales supera los valores de FAO, en relación a la fibra dietética total podría ser un ingrediente en formulaciones alimenticias que además aportaría K, Ca y Mg. De acuerdo a las fracciones de fibra la harina es una alternativa para la elaboración de alimentos balanceados. El contenido de fenoles totales abre la posibilidad de que se complemente con la identificación de su actividad antioxidant(AU)

Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott, commonly known as taro, malanga or yam, is grown in the humid tropics in several countries in Africa, America and Asia and its tuber is an essential food for humans and animals. The objective of this study was to characterize malanga meal physicochemically and content of phenolic compounds cultivated in Actopan, Edo. Veracruz, Mexico. The proximal chemical analyzes, aminoacid, fiber fractions, minerals, water activity, color, antinutritional factors and total phenol content were carried out. The results indicate a moisture content of 6.87g /100 g, crude protein of 5.93 g /100 g, ether extract 1.25g /100g, dietary fiber 12.08 g /100 g, ash 3.47g/100g and nitrogen-free extract 77.27g/100g The total polyphenol content in this study was 113.57 ± 14 expressed as milligrams of gallic acid equivalent (mg EAG/100g). It concluded that despite not being an important source of protein the profile of essential amino acids exceeds the values of FAO, in relation to total dietary fiber could be an ingredient that in food formulations that also provide K, Ca and Mg. According to fiber fractions, meal is an alternative for the elaboration of balanced foods. The content of total phenols opens the possibility that it complements with the identification of its antioxidant activity(AU)

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RESUMO O presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a composição centesimal (cinzas, umidade, proteínas, lipídeos e carboidratos totais) e mineral (Na, K, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn e Zn) das plantas medicinais Barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville), Carqueja (Baccharis trimera (Less) D.C.), Mangava-Brava (Lafoensia pacari A. St.-Hil.), e Quebra Pedra (Phyllanthus niruri L.) comercializadas no mercado do Porto de Cuiabá, MT. As amostras foram identificadas botanicamente por meio da exsicata feita no Instituto de Botânica da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Cuiabá. A composição centesimal foi determinada de acordo com as recomendações da Association of Official Analytical Chemists e a concentração dos minerais foi quantificada por Espectrometria de Absorção Atômica em Chama. Os resultados obtidos foram: umidade (7,72% a 12,10%); cinzas (1,64% a 8,44%); proteínas (2,36% a 9,35%); lipídeos (0,41% a 2,05%); carboidratos totais (72,09% a 82,37%) e, foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre as amostras (p < 0,05). As concentrações dos minerais nas amostras variaram de 0,01 a 21,57 mg/g nas plantas secas e 0,01 a 32,17 mg/200mL das infusões. Os resultados médios obtidos indicam que, exceto para o K, Ca e Mn todas as amostras não apresentaram diferenças significativas (p ≥ 0,05) nas concentrações de minerais. A capacidade de extração dos minerais da matéria seca para a infusão obedeceu à seguinte ordem: Na>K>Zn>Cu>Mg>Mn>Ca>Fe. Os valores obtidos em 200 mL das infusões quando comparados aos índices diários recomendados para minerais sugerem que os chás avaliados podem ser fonte de minerais, principalmente de K e Mn.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine the proximal (ash, moisture, protein, lipids, and total carbohydrates) and mineral (Na, K, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Zn) composition of the medicinal plants barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville), carqueja (Baccharis trimera (Less) D.C.), mangava-brava (Lafoensia pacari A. St.-Hil.), pau-tenente (Quassia amara L.), and quebra pedra (Phyllanthus niruri L.), commercialized in the Cuiabá Port Market in Mato Grosso. The samples were botanically identified by the voucher specimen grown in the Botanical Institute of the Federal University of Mato Grosso, at the Cuiabá campus. Proximal composition was determined according to the recommendations of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists and the concentration of minerals was quantified by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The results obtained were: moisture content (7.72% to 12.10%); ashes (1.64% to 8.44%); protein (2.36% to 9.35%); lipids (0.41% to 2.05%), and total carbohydrates (72.09% to 82.37%), and significant differences were found between the samples (p≥0.05). The mineral concentrations varied from 0.01 to 21.57 mg/g in the plants and 0.01 to 32.17 mg/200mL in the infusions. No significant differences (p≥0.05) were found between the samples for mineral composition, except for K, Ca, and Mg. The mineral extraction capacity of the dry matter for infusions was as follows: Na>K>Zn>Cu>Mg>Mn>Ca>Fe. The daily index values of the metal species quantified in 200 mL infusions suggest that teas can be a source of minerals, especially K and Mn.

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Se condujeron dos experimentos para evaluar la composición proximal y el contenido de lípidos y colesterol de la carne de cerdos alimentados con dietas en las que se añadió harina de pijiguao (HP) con y sin adición de lisina sintética (LIS). En el experimento I, se utilizaron 24 cerdos en crecimiento distribuidos al azar en seis tratamientos con tres niveles de HP (0, 16 y 32%) y dos niveles de LIS (0 y 0,27%). En el experimento II se utilizaron 16 cerdos en engorde alimentados con dos niveles de HP (0 y 17,50%) y dos niveles de LIS (0, y 0,27%). Al final de cada experimento (42 y 35 días, respectivamente), los cerdos fueron sacrificados y se obtuvieron muestras de lomo para determinar el contenido de proteína cruda, materia seca, humedad, cenizas, lípidos totales y colesterol. En el experimento I, las carnes provenientes de animales con 16% HP, presentaron más materia seca (26,45 g/100 g) y menos humedad (73,49 g/100 g) que las carnes de 32% HP (25,11 y 75,03 g/100g), respectivamente). Las carnes de los cerdos sin LIS presentaron mayor (p.

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the proximal composition , lipids and cholesterol content of meat from pigs fed diets with peach-palm meal (PPM), with or without addition of synthetic lysine (LYS). In experiment I, 24 pigs were randomly allotted into six treatments with three levels of PPM (0, 16 and 32%) and two levels of LYS (0 and 0.27%). In experiment II, 16 finishing pigs were fed with two levels of PPM (0 and 17.50%) and two levels of LYS (0 and 0.27%). At the end of each experiment (42 and 35 d, respectively), pigs were slaughtered and loin samples were obtained to determine crude protein, dry matter, moisture, ash, total lipids, and cholesterol content. In experiment I, pork loin from 16% PPM had more dry matter (26.45 g/100 g) and less moisture (73.49 g/100g) than pork loin from 32% PPM (25.11 y 75.03 g/100g, respectively). Meat samples from pigs without LYS had higher (p.

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Para evaluar la composición nutricional (g/100g) de carne pasteurizada de cangrejo (Callinectes sapidus) se tomaron muestras al azar de dos plantas procesadoras del estado Zulia, evaluándose 20 latas/tipo de corte (Jumbo Lump, Lump, Special, Claw y CocKtail Claw). Las determinaciones de proteínas, humedad y cenizas se realizaron siguiendo las metodologías propuestas por la A.O.A.C.; el contenido de grasa por el método Randall; minerales (calcio, magnesio, sodio, potasio, zinc, cobre y hierro) por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica y fósforo por colorimetría según el método propuesto por Fiske y Subbarow. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar, siendo los tipos de corte la única fuente de variación. El promedio de proteínas fue similar para los cortes Special y Lump (21,24 y 20,83%) mostrando ambos tipos mayor contenido de proteínas al compararlos con el tipo Jumbo Lump (19,99%), Claw (16,38%) y Cocktail Claw (18,42%). El contenido de grasa en los cortes Claw y Special (1,85 y 1,74 g/100 g) fueron superiores al resto de los cortes. Los tipos Jumbo Lump, Lump y Special presentaron contenidos porcentuales de humedad similares, pero difirieron (P<0,001) de los tipos Claw y Cocktail Claw, quienes mostraron los menores contenidos. No hubo diferencias entre los cortes de cangrejo pasteurizado para el contenido de cenizas. Se concluye que la variación de la composición nutricional de la carne de cangrejo pasteurizada es atribuida a los diferentes tipos de corte. En tal sentido, la carne de cangrejo puede considerarse como una fuente alterna de proteínas y minerales, acompañada de bajos contenidos de grasas.

In order to evaluate the nutritional composition (g/100g) of the pasteurized crab meat (Callinectes sapidus), samples were taken at random from two processors plants of the Zulia State, evaluating 20 tins/tips of cut (Jumbo Lump, Lump, Special, Claw and CocKtail Claw). The determinations protein, humidity, ashes, they were realized following methodologies proposed by the A.O.A.C., the content of fat by the method Randall, the minerals (calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, zinc, copper and iron) for atomic absorption espectroscopy and phosphorus for colorimetry according to the method proposed by Fiske and Subbarow. A design was used completely at random, being the types of cut the only source of variation. The average of proteins was similar for Special and Lump cuts (21.24 and 20.83%) showing both types major content of proteins when comparing with the type Jumbo Lump (19.99%), Claw (16.38%) and Cocktail Claw (18.42%). The content of fat in the cuts Claw and Special (1.85 and 1.74 g/100 g) were superiors to the rest of the cuts. The Jumbo Lump, Lump and Special types presented similar contents of humidity percentage, but they difiered (P <0.001) of the types Claw and Cocktail Claw, whom showed the minors contents. There were no differences between the cuts of pasteurized crab for the content of ashes. In conclusion, the variation of the nutritional composition of the pasteurized crab meat is attributed to the different types of cuts. To this respect, the crab meat can be considered to be an alternate source of proteins and minerals, accompanied of low contents of fat.