RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy of SIMBA as an educational intervention for both HCPs and people with either PCOS or adrenal conditions and to study the change in knowledge of people with PCOS or adrenal conditions about the conditions and expectations from the HCPs involved in their care following SIMBA-PPI sessions. METHODS: Two SIMBA-PPI sessions (SIMBA-PPI Polycystic ovary syndrome (SIMBA-PCOS) and SIMBA-PPI Adrenal conditions (SIMBA-Adrenal conditions)) were conducted in September 2021 and March 2022. In both sessions, HCPs interacted with moderators on patient management through WhatsApp. Patients with respective conditions underwent workshop-style learning in the same cases. SIMBA-PCOS transcripts were also translated into Brazilian Portuguese and workshops were held in both Brazilian Portuguese and English. The two groups (HCPs and patients) were then brought together to discuss exploring gaps in knowledge and expectations. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test compared differences in pre- and post-SIMBA self-reported confidence levels in HCPs and patients. Qualitative data from the online recordings were transcribed and analysed with inductive thematic analysis to identify gaps in knowledge and expectations from managing the cases. RESULTS: 48 HCPs and 25 patients participated in our study. When compared to pre-SIMBA confidence levels, SIMBA-PPI sessions effectively improved clinicians' confidence in managing PCOS (40.5%, p < .001) and adrenal conditions (23.0%, p < .001) post-SIMBA. Patient participants' confidence in HCPs significantly increased in the PCOS session (SIMBA-PCOS: 6.25%, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Integration of PPI into SIMBA improved HCPs' confidence in managing PCOS and adrenal conditions. SIMBA-PPI also improved patients' confidence in HCPs. Our findings suggest that participating in SIMBA-PPI sessions can reduce the gap in knowledge and expectations between patients and HCPs involved in their care.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The growing discussion on teacher development focuses on diversified educational skills that promote knowledge and innovation in the teaching, learning and assessment process. With the Covid-19 scenario, this picture of necessary changes has become more evident, demonstrating the need for professional preparation to work in teacher development. The aim of the study was to analyze the effectiveness of teacher development programs for the training of university teachers in the health area, through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: The systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and involved searching five databases - PubMed-Medline, Education Resource Information Center (ERIC), SCOPUS, Embase and Web of Science. The review included randomized clinical trials and cohort studies that addressed the effectiveness of teaching professionalization in the health area for university professors. The quality of the selected studies was assessed based on the evaluation criteria of the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. The random effects meta-analysis method was used to explain the distribution of effects between the studies, using Stata® software (version 11.0) and publication bias was examined by visual inspection of the graphs and Egger's test. RESULTS: We included 12 studies in the systematic review and 8 in the meta-analysis. These studies were published between 1984 and 2022 in 14 countries. Significant changes were reported in teachers' behavior to stimulate and encourage students, improvement in the quality of teaching and teaching staff, as well as improvement in skills such as leadership and self-evaluation. Furthermore, the result of the meta-analysis showed that there is evidence of the effectiveness of the positive effects of teacher development programs after their implementation, with this effect being 1.70% and an increase of 4.75 in the effect of these teacher development programs. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that development programs have been implemented in different countries and contexts, all of which have proven to be effective in the short, medium and long term. We recommend that future research focus specifically on the different competencies that have been acquired following the implementation of these programs.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Despite the societal progress made in recent years, gender discrimination is still common in healthcare, especially in some surgical specialties such as orthopaedics. In Brazil, where the participation of women in the medical profession has been increasing, little is known about women's perceptions on the issue of gender discrimination. This study aims to examine women orthopaedic surgeons' experiences in dealing with conflict in the workplace and contextualize the impact that gender discrimination has had or currently has on their careers and well-being. As a secondary objective, the work seeks to understand whether there are differences in the perception of the issue among practicing women orthopaedic surgeons and those in training. For a cross-sectional qualitative study, a survey was distributed exclusively to 300 practicing orthopaedic surgeons and orthopaedists in training (residents and fellows). A total of 99 women participated in the survey, of whom 66 were practicing orthopaedic surgeons and 33 were orthopaedists in training. The study showed that women orthopaedic surgeons in training in Brazil have a lower number of publications and a moderate level of involvement in academic society activity. In addition, orthopaedic surgeons in training experience a statistically significantly higher number of conflicts in the workplace. The comments from the questionnaires highlighted the physical and psychological consequences arising from these situations of professional conflict, most frequently occurring with orthopaedic surgeons who are men. Our findings indicate that respondents expressed a feeling of inequality towards women in the workplace, ultimately reducing the level of job satisfaction among female orthopaedic surgeons, which may contribute to disinterest and abandonment of the specialty. The results of this work support recent evidence that there is an implicit and often overlooked bias against the participation of women and ethnic minorities in the orthopaedic community in Brazil.

RESUMEN

Background: E-learning Continuing Professional Development (CPD) is an activity demonstrated to improve the quality of healthcare delivery. The CPD of medical and nursing staff in high income countries (HICs) is commonplace. CPD of administrative staff is less common, but increasingly frequent. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), CPD of any kind is infrequent, particularly in rural and remote areas. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe a hospital-based e-learning CPD program for clinical and non-clinical personnel as a unique example of a successful, ongoing educational pilot, quality improvement program involving a broad cohort of employees, in a country that does not require such activities. Methods: Using the online educational platform Chamilo, e-learning modules were created for eight groups including clinical and non-clinical employees. Upon completion of each module, one to two paragraph discussions were provided for each incorrect answer submitted. Two additional chances were offered for the employee to achieve a passing score of 70%. This study reports on the first 10-month period of the program. Findings: All participants achieved the 70% passing threshold after the first or second attempt. There was 100% participation by the employees required to complete the e-learning modules. Employee feedback suggested the modules were good for continuing education, but some felt the CPD was imposed on them. Conclusion: E-learning CPD is an important and emerging element for CPD and may provide opportunities for healthcare service quality improvement as part of broader pedagogical modalities, such as conferences and directed readings, in rural and remote areas of LMICs. These pilot programs could provide important information to develop Spanish-language e-learning CPD programs across a broader region, promote collaboration with regional professional societies, and possibly contribute to the establishment of national health program CPD standards.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Fundamento: los objetos de aprendizaje han generado una nueva forma de pensar acerca del contenido, y se han convertido en un recurso con entidad propia, susceptible de ser reutilizado. Objetivo: diseñar un objeto de aprendizaje para el tema Defectos congénitos del sistema nervioso, relacionados con la Embriología, dentro de los contenidos de la asignatura Sistema Nervioso, Endocrino y Reproductor. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo tecnológico en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Manzanillo "Celia Sánchez Manduley", en el período noviembre 2021 a diciembre 2022. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis, inductivo-deductivo e histórico-lógico; empírico: análisis de documentos que norman el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje de la Embriología, encuestas y criterio de expertos, y métodos estadísticos para el análisis de los datos encontrados. Resultados: se conformó un objeto de aprendizaje para la didáctica especial del proceso enseñanza aprendizaje de los contenidos de Embriología en la asignatura Sistemas Nervioso Endocrino y Reproductor. En su diseño se utilizó el Modelo ADDIE compuesto por 5 fases: análisis, diseño, desarrollo, implementación y evaluación. Se emplearon materiales en diversos formatos, PDF, word, presentaciones digitales y videos; se realizaron enlaces a materiales complementarios y se confeccionó una galería de imágenes sobre defectos congénitos. Conclusiones: fue evaluado satisfactoriamente por criterio de expertos por su coherencia didáctica y calidad de los contenidos; permite incentivar la motivación, la usabilidad y la reusabilidad.

Background: learning objects have generated a new way of thinking about content, and have become a resource with its own entity, capable of being reused. Objective: design a learning object for the topic congenital defects of the nervous system, related to Embryology, within the contents of the subject Nervous, Endocrine and Reproductive System. Methods: a technological development investigation was carried out at the "Celia Sánchez Manduley" Faculty of Medical Sciences of Manzanillo, from November 2021 to December 2022. Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis, inductive-deductive and historical-logical; empirical ones: analysis of documents that regulate the teaching-learning process of Embryology, surveys and expert criteria, and statistical methods for the analysis of the data found. Results: a learning object was formed for the special didactics of the teaching-learning process of the contents of Embryology in the subject Endocrine and Reproductive Nervous Systems. In its design, the ADDIE Model was used, composed of 5 phases: analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. Materials were used in various formats, PDF, Word, digital presentations and videos; Links were made to complementary materials and an image gallery on congenital defects was created. Conclusions: it was satisfactorily evaluated by expert criteria for its didactic coherence and quality of the contents; it allows you to encourage motivation, usability and reusability.

RESUMEN

RESUMO O estudo identificou os contextos de aprendizagem profissional mais valorizados por 52 professores-treinadores de voleibol escolar. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados um questionário sociodemográfico e a Escala de Contextos de Aprendizagem de Treinadores. Os dados foram analisados no software SPSS, versão 20.0, adotando o nível de significância de 95% (p<0,05). Enquanto que o grupo de professores-treinadores mais jovens apresentou baixa valorização do contexto formal, o grupo de professores-treinadores mais experientes valorizou todos os contextos de aprendizagem. Conclui-se que a existência de perfis distintos, ressaltam o caráter individual do processo de aprender e a necessidade de considera-los na implementação das ações de formação continuada destes profissionais.

ABSTRACT The study identified the professional learning contexts most valued by school volleyball 52 teacher-coaches. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the Coaches Learning Context Scale were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 20.0, adopting a significance level of 95% (p<0.05). While the younger teacher-trainers showed low appreciation of the formal context, the more experienced teacher-trainers valued all learning contexts. It is concluded that the existence of different profiles emphasizes the individual nature of the learning process and the need to consider them in implementing continuing education actions for these professionals.

RESUMEN El estudio identificó los contextos de aprendizaje profesional más valorados por 52 entrenadores-profesores de voleibol escolar. Para la recolección de datos, se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y la Escala de Contextos de Aprendizaje. Los datos fueron analizados el software SPSS, versión 20.0, adoptando un nivel de significación del 95% (p<0,05). Mientras que el grupo de profesores-entrenadores más jóvenes mostraron poca apreciación del contexto formal, el grupo de profesores-entrenadores más experimentados valoró todos los contextos de aprendizaje. Se concluye que la existencia de diferentes perfiles enfatiza el carácter individual del proceso de aprendizaje y la necesidad de considerarlos en la implementación de acciones de educación continua para estos profesionales.

RESUMEN

O ensino superior exerce relevante papel no desenvolvimento de competências técnicas e genéricas. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as variáveis criatividade e percepção de desenvolvimento profissional entre trabalhadores com ensino médio (n=174) e com diploma universitário (n=150). A amostra teve um predomínio de mulheres (64,2%). Foram aplicados presencialmente os instrumentos Prova de Imaginação Criativa para Adultos e a Escala de Percepção Atual do Desenvolvimento Profissional. Para a análise de dados utilizamos testes t de Student, com cálculo do tamanho do efeito pelo d de Cohen. Trabalhadores com ensino superior apresentaram médias mais elevadas na percepção de desenvolvimento profissional e no desempenho criativo. Concluímos que o ensino superior contribui para a aquisição de competências profissionais e para o desenvolvimento da criatividade. Esses achados trazem reflexões acerca dos projetos político-pedagógicos dos cursos de graduação, tendo em vista o amplo papel de desenvolvimento de competências que se espera do ensino superior

The Higher Education has an important role in the development of technical and generic skills. The aim of this study was to compare the variables creativity and perception of professional development between workers with high school (n = 174) and with university degrees (n = 150). The sample had a predominance of women (64.2%). The Creative Imagination Test for Adults and the Current Perception of Professional Development Scale were applied in person. For data analysis we used Student's t-tests, with the effect size calculated by Cohen's d. Workers with university degrees had higher averages in the perception of professional development and in creative performance. It is concluded that university courses contribute to the acquisition of professional skills and to the development of creativity. These findings lead us to reflect on the political-pedagogical projects of undergraduate courses, considering the broad role of skills development that is expected from the Higher Education

La Educación Superior tiene un papel importante en el desarrollo de habilidades técnicas y genéricas. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar las variables creatividad y percepción del desarrollo profesional entre trabajadores con bachillerato (n = 174) y con titulación universitaria (n = 150). La muestra tuvo un predominio de mujeres (64,2%). Se aplicaron presencialmente el Test de Imaginación Creativa para Adultos y la Escala de Percepción Actual de Desarrollo Profesional. Utilizamos las pruebas t de Student, con el cálculo del tamaño del efecto mediante la d de Cohen. Los trabajadores de educación superior mostraron promedios más altos en desarrollo profesional y desempeño creativo. Concluimos que la Educación Superior contribuye a la adquisición de competências profesionales y al desarrollo de la creatividad. Estos hallazgos nos llevan a reflexionar sobre los proyectos político-pedagógicos de los cursos de pregrado, considerando el amplio rol del desarrollo de habilidades que se espera de la Educación Superior

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Abstract The Psychology of Working Theory has achieved notable prominence in career studies for its focus on how various - both individual and contextual - influence careers and job outcomes. "Volition" stands out as one of the key elements of this theory, representing the individuals' ability to make career choices despite obstacles. This study aimed to adapt and validate both internal and external structures of the Work Volition Scale - Student Version (WVS-SV) to Brazil. A total of 590 university students from public and private institutions of varied courses and semesters, mostly women (59%), took part in the study. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the scale effectively measured two dimensions: volition and constraints. External evidence, including satisfaction with life and career, supported the theoretical aspects of this construct. The results indicated good psychometric properties of the scale to the Brazilian setting, contributing to a better understanding of career choices among university students.

Resumo O modelo da Psicologia do Trabalhar tem se destacado nos estudos de carreira, abordando como variáveis contextuais e individuais influenciam a trajetória profissional. Um conceito-chave é a volição, que representa a capacidade de fazer escolhas de carreira diante de obstáculos. O objetivo desse estudo é adaptar e apresentar evidências de validade de estrutura interna e externa para o Brasil da Work Volition Scale - Student Version. Participaram 590 estudantes universitários de diferentes cursos e semestres, de instituições públicas e privadas, com uma predominância de mulheres (59%). As análises fatoriais exploratórias e confirmatórias mostraram uma estrutura adequada, composta por duas dimensões: restrições e volição. Além disso, identificaram-se evidências externas ao relacionar com a satisfação com a vida e a carreira. Os resultados indicam boas qualidades psicométricas da Work Volition Scale - Student Version no contexto brasileiro, contribuindo para melhorar a compreensão das escolhas de carreira entre os estudantes universitários.

Resumen El modelo de Psicología del Trabajo se ha destacado en estudios de carrera, explorando cómo las variables contextuales e individuales influyen en la trayectoria profesional. Un concepto clave es la volición, que representa la capacidad de la toma de decisiones de carrera frente a obstáculos. Este estudio buscó adaptar y presentar evidencias de validez de la estructura interna y externa para Brasil de la Work Volition Scale - Student Version. Participaron 590 estudiantes universitarios de diversos cursos y semestres, tanto de instituciones públicas como privadas, con predominio de mujeres (59%). Los análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios demostraron una estructura adecuada con dos dimensiones: restricciones y volición. Además, se identificaron evidencias externas al relacionarlas con la satisfacción en la vida y la carrera. Los resultados indican buenas cualidades psicométricas de la Work Volition Scale - Student Version en el contexto brasileño, contribuyendo a una mejor comprensión de las elecciones de carrera entre los estudiantes universitarios.

RESUMEN

Fundamento: La labor docente en la Misión Médica Cubana en Venezuela está encaminada a garantizar el cumplimiento de las exigencias y necesidades sociales en la formación de profesionales en pre y posgrado, orientada a la preparación de los profesores y a la ejecución del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje con bases sólidas. Objetivo: Identificar los conocimientos que poseen los coordinadores docentes relacionados con los procedimientos metodológicos de la superación profesional en el Estado Táchira de Venezuela, en el I Trimestre de 2020. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal sobre superación profesional durante el primer trimestre de 2022 que incluyó los 25 vicecoordinadores docentes nombrados en las Áreas de Salud Integral Comunitaria de la Misión Barrio Adentro del Estado Táchira. Se diseñó y aplicó un cuestionario encaminado a medir conocimientos sobre procedimientos metodológicos de superación profesional. Resultados: Se observaron dificultades en la identificación de las necesidades de aprendizaje, con relación a otras formas organizativas de superación, modalidades de las actividades de posgrado, comparecencia del cuerpo docente y de evaluación final. Conclusiones: La caracterización realizada permitió determinar las necesidades de aprendizaje, principalmente en el área de la didáctica general y fundamenta la necesidad de elaborar para su ejecución un programa de superación profesional dirigido a los docentes noveles.

Background: The teaching labor for the Cuban Medical Mission in Venezuela is aimed to guarantee the accomplishment of the demands and social needs for professionals in undergraduate and postgraduate preparation, oriented to the preparation of teachers and to the execution with solid foundations of the teaching and learning process. Objective: To identify the knowledge possessed by the teaching coordinators related to the methodological procedures in professional upgrading in Táchira State, Venezuela, during the first quarter in 2020. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted about professional upgrading, and included the 25 teaching vice coordinators named in the Integral Community Health Areas of the Barrio Adentro Mission in the Táchira State. A questionnaire was designed and applied in order to measure knowledge on professional upgrading methodological procedures. Results: Difficulties were observed in the learning needs identification, in relation to other organizational forms of improvement, modalities of postgraduate activities, teaching staff appearance and final evaluation. Conclusions: The conducted characterization made it possible to determine the learning needs, mainly in the general didactic area and substantiates the necessity to elaborate for its execution, a professional upgrading program for novice teachers.

RESUMEN

Introducción: El pie diabético es una de las complicaciones de la diabetes mellitus. Varios especialistas se pronuncian a favor de la importancia de elevar el nivel de conocimiento sobre esta condición del personal de salud que labora en la atención primaria. Al respecto, se identificaron procederes médicos inadecuados en la prevención y tratamiento de este tipo de lesiones en la Atención Primaria de Salud de San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque. Objetivo: Valorar la factibilidad de una estrategia de superación profesional en la prevención del pie diabético desde la Atención Primaria en San José de las Lajas. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación entre los años 2019 y 2021, de tipo no experimental, con enfoque Mixto. Se utilizaron los métodos teóricos, empíricos y matemático- estadísticos. El valor teórico del diseño se obtuvo a partir del criterio de especialistas y la inclusión de una escala numérica de tipo Likert en la estructura de la encuesta. Resultados: El estudio diagnóstico reveló insuficientes actividades de superación profesional con contenidos sobre pie diabético desde la Atención Primaria. No se evidenciaron suficientes competencias profesionales y se identificó la necesidad de motivar a los proveedores en torno a la importancia del tema. Se creó la estrategia de superación profesional, y los especialistas consultados emitieron criterios satisfactorios con respecto a la propuesta diseñada. Conclusiones: Se valoró como factible la estrategia diseñada para la prevención del pie diabético en el primer nivel de atención de San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque(AU)

Introduction: Diabetic foot is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus. Several specialists speak out in favor of the importance of raising the level of knowledge about this condition among health personnel working in primary care. In this regard, inadequate medical procedures were identified in the prevention and treatment of this type of injury in Primary Health Care in San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque. Objective: To assess the feasibility of a professional improvement strategy in the prevention of diabetic foot from Primary Care in San José de las Lajas. Methods: A non-experimental study was conducted between 2019 and 2021 with a mixed approach. Theoretical, empirical and mathematical-statistical methods were used. The theoretical value of the design was obtained from the criteria of specialists and the inclusion of a numerical Likert scale in the structure of the survey. Results: The diagnostic study revealed insufficient professional development activities with contents on diabetic foot from Primary Health Care. Insufficient professional competencies were evidenced and the need to motivate providers around the importance of the topic was identified. The professional development strategy was created, and the specialists consulted issued satisfactory criteria with respect to the designed proposal. Conclusions: The strategy designed for the prevention of diabetic foot in the first level of care in San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, was assessed as feasible(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The present study aimed to identify how racism appears in the lives and careers of Black undergraduate students in a Brazilian Public Higher Education Institution. For this purpose, this study conducted 27 narrative interviews with self-declared black undergraduates, which were analyzed using the technique of thematic Biography and Narrative Analysis. The results indicated that despite the existence of distinctions between the undergraduates' trajectories, usually caused by socioeconomic differences, racism similarly impacts their lives and careers, presenting itself in three frequent themes, named by the researchers as: "Experiences with Racism", "Awareness of Racism", and "Management of Racism". It was found that, although there are distinctions between experiences, motivated especially by socioeconomic origin and available opportunities, all participants manage the effects of racism, individually and collectively, leading them to changes in career prospects, to enable the construction of viable professional trajectories to achieve their ambitions. (AU)

O presente estudo objetivou identificar como o racismo se presentifica na vida e na carreira de universitários negros de uma Instituição Pública de Ensino Superior brasileira. Para tanto, foram conduzidas 27 entrevistas narrativas com graduandos autodeclarados negros, analisadas por meio da técnica de Análise de Biografias e Narrativas do tipo temática. Os resultados indicaram que, apesar da existência de distinções entre as trajetórias dos universitários, habitualmente ocasionada por diferenças socioeconômicas, o racismo impacta similarmente suas vidas e carreiras, apresentando-se em três temas frequentes, nomeados pelos pesquisadores como: "Experiências com o Racismo", "Conscientização sobre o Racismo" e "Manejo ao Racismo". Constatou-se que, embora existam distinções entre as vivências, motivadas, sobretudo, pela origem socioeconômica e oportunidades disponíveis, os efeitos do racismo são manejados por todos os participantes, individual e coletivamente, levando-os a alterações nas perspectivas de carreira, a fim de possibilitar a construção de trajetórias profissionais viáveis às suas ambições. (AU)

El presente estudio objetivó identificar cómo el racismo está presente en la vida y carrera de universitarios negros de una Institución Pública de Educación Superior brasileña. Para ello, se realizaron 27 entrevistas narrativas con universitarios autoproclamados negros, analizadas mediante la técnica de Análisis de Biografías y Narrativas del tipo temática. Los resultados indicaron que, aunque hay distinciones entre las trayectorias de los universitarios, generalmente causadas por diferencias socioeconómicas, el racismo impacta de manera similar sus vidas y carreras, presentándose en tres temas frecuentes, denominados como: "Experiencias con el Racismo", "Concientización sobre el racismo" y "Manejo del racismo". Se encontró que, aunque existen distinciones entre las experiencias, motivadas, especialmente, por el origen socioeconómico y las oportunidades disponibles, los efectos del racismo son manejados por todos los participantes, individual y colectivamente, llevándolos a cambios en las perspectivas de carrera, a fin de posibilitar la construcción de trayectorias profesionales viables para cumplir sus ambiciones. (AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

(analítico) Se analiza la implementación de un programa de formación docente en promoción de autonomía y apoyo pedagógico y su relación con el compromiso de niños en el aula. El programa se desarrolló duran-te el cierre de escuelas por la pandemia causada por el covid-19. Se usó diseño mixto convergente-paralelo. Participaron cinco docentes de primaria, de escuelas públicas de Cali, Colombia, y sus estudiantes (N=110). La formación consistió en dos talleres grupales y tres sesiones de acompañamiento individual en modalidad virtual. Se grabaron las clases antes y durante el proceso, codificándose las interacciones. Se observó alta variabilidad en promoción de autonomía y apoyo pedagógico. El compromiso de los niños fue mayor cuando las profesoras promovían mayor autonomía y apoyo pedagógico. Se discutieron variables que afectan el aprovechamiento de la formación.

(analytical) This paper analyzes the implementation of a professional development program on autonomy promotion and instructional support in the classroom, and the relationship between this program and students' engagement. The program was designed during the delivery of online classes as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study used a convergent parallel design. Participants were five elementary teachers and their students (N=110) at a public school in Cali, Colombia. The program consisted of two workshops and three online individual feedback sessions. Classes were recorded before and during the program and classroom interactions were coded. The results show high variability in teachers' autonomy promotion and instructional support during the classes. Students' engagement was higher when teachers promote greater autonomy and instructional support. Variables that could affect teachers' use of learning from the program are discussed.

(analítico) Analisase a implementação de um programa de formação docente para a promoção da autonomia e o apoio pedagógico e sua relação com a performance das crianças na sala de aula. O programa foi desenvolvido durante o fechamento das escolas pelo Covid-19. Um método misto convergente-paralelo foi usado. Participaram cinco professoras de ensino básico de escolas públicas de Cali-Colômbia e seus alunos, 110 crianças. A formação consistiu em duas oficinas grupais e três sessões de trabalho individual na modalidade virtual. As aulas foram gravadas antes e durante o processo, e as interações foram codificadas. Observa-se alta variabilidade na promoção da autonomia e apoio pedagógico. O comprometimento das crianças foi maior quando as professoras promoveram maior autonomia e apoio pedagógico. As variáveis que afetam o aproveitamento do treinamento são discutidas.

RESUMEN

Throughout the world, forensic odontology academic programmes have been designed and permeate discussions about international or local standard operational protocols, principles or guidelines requiring current technical and scientific knowledge. The heterogeneous groups of students who aim to pursue this career might have high educational and occupational aspirations that will be confronted with the labour markets. In this report, the authors briefly present aspects of the education and training that comprise the choice of a career in forensic odontology nowadays. In conclusion, the individual who opts for forensic odontology as a career must be prepared to find the confidence and resilience to practice professional skills in a unique and challenging field to comply with the society's expectation

Em todo o mundo, vários programas acadêmicos de Odontologia Legal têm sido criados e permeiam discussões sobre protocolos, princípios ou diretrizes operacionais, padrão internacional ou local, que exigem conhecimento técnico e científico atualizado. Os grupos heterogêneos de estudantes que pretendem seguir esta carreira poderão ter elevadas aspirações educativas e profissionais que serão confrontadas com os mercados de trabalho. Neste contexto, os autores apresentam brevemente aspectos da educação e formação que compõem a escolha de uma carreira em Odontologia Legal nos dias de hoje. Em conclusão, o indivíduo que opta pela Odontologia Legal como carreira deve estar preparado para encontrar confiança e resiliência para exercer habilidades profissionais em um campo único e desafiador para atender às expectativas da sociedade

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Pediatric endocrinology is a specialty that is struggling worldwide to maintain adequately trained professionals. Pediatric endocrine care in Central America and Caribbean countries is often performed by pediatricians or adult endocrinologists due to the limited number of pediatric endocrinologists. These health care providers are seldom members of endocrine societies and frequently lack formal training in the field. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we describe the scope of a virtual conference in pediatric endocrinology and diabetes targeted to low- and middle-income countries to provide equal opportunities for access to medical education for health care professionals. METHODS: The virtual conference was sponsored by the Pediatric Endocrine Society (North America), Asociación Costarricense de Endocrinología (previously, Asociación Nacional Pro Estudio de la Diabetes, Endocrinología y Metabolismo), and Asociacion Centroamericana y del Caribe de Endocrinologia Pediátrica. The conference was free to participants and comprised 23 sessions that were either synchronous with ability for real-time interactive sessions or asynchronous sessions, where content was available online to access at their convenience. Topics included idiopathic short stature, polycystic ovarian syndrome, diabetes mellitus, telemedicine, Turner syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, obesity, central precocious puberty, and subclinical hypothyroidism. The participants were asked to evaluate the conference after its completion with a questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 8 speakers from Spain, Canada, Costa Rica, and the United States delivered the virtual event to 668 health care professionals from Guatemala, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, Uruguay, Mexico, Honduras, Argentina, the United States, Bolivia, Chile, Panama, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Belize, Spain, and Colombia. Name, profession, and country were fully disclosed by 410 (61.4%) of the 668 health care professionals. The profession or level of training of participants were as follows: pediatric endocrinologists (n=129, 19.3%), pediatricians (n=116, 17.4%), general practitioners (n=77, 11.5%), adult endocrinologists (n=34, 5.1%), medical students (n=23, 3.4%), residents in various specialties (n=14, 2.1%), and others (n=17, 2.6%). A total of 23 sessions were offered, most of which were bilingual (Spanish and English). Feedback from the evaluation questionnaire indicated that the content of the conference was very relevant to the participants' professional practice. Additionally, the participants reported that they were very satisfied with the organization, the web-based platform, and the sessions of the conference. CONCLUSIONS: Lack of accessibility to the latest and cutting-edge medical education in pediatric endocrinology and diabetes for medical professionals from low- and middle-income countries can be overcome with a virtual conference. Online availability, low cost, and easy-to-use technology were well received from the participants, who were overall very satisfied by the quality and the relevance of the sessions to their professional practice.

RESUMEN

Introducción: El Ministerio de Salud Pública tiene implementado un plan de medidas dirigidas a lograr reducir la tasa de mortalidad infantil, menor de un año y la materna, atendiendo a las principales causas de morbi-mortalidad. El texto tiene como objetivo caracterizar las actividades de superación profesional impartidas a los profesionales del sector salud por las universidades de ciencias médicas del país relacionadas con el programa materno-infantil. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, de tipo observacional, en la Dirección Nacional de Posgrado de la Dirección General de Docencia del Ministerio de Salud Pública de 2017 al 2020. Resultados: Fueron capacitados en todo el país 222 011 profesionales del Sistema Nacional de Salud en este periodo, con predominio el 2020, utilizando diferentes formas de organización del proceso docente, donde predominó el entrenamiento, seguido de cursos en la atención primaria y secundaria, en esta última mayoritariamente. Discusión: Se reconoce la necesidad de sistematizar acciones para actualizar los conocimientos y desarrollar habilidades, el alcance de las competencias profesionales necesarias en el personal de salud que interviene en el programa materno infantil.

Introduction: Taking into account the main causes of maternal and child morbidity and mortality, the Ministry of Public Health has implemented a plan of measures aimed at reducing the infant, child and maternal mortality rate. The objective of the text is to characterize the professional improvement activities taught by all the medical sciences universities in the country related to the maternal-infant program to professionals in the health sector. Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study was carried out at the National Postgraduate Directorate of the General Directorate of Teaching of the Ministry of Public Health from 2017 to 2020. Results: 222,011 professionals of the National Health System were trained throughout the country in the last four years, dedicated to the program, predominantly in 2020, using different forms of organization of teaching and a predominance of training, followed by courses in the primary and secondary care, in the latter mostly. Discussion: The need to systematize actions to update knowledge and develop skills is recognized, to achieve the necessary professional skills in health personnel involved in the maternal and child program.

RESUMEN

Fundamento: La cultura informacional en las universidades desarrolla en los docentes universitarios buenas prácticas educativas con el uso de la información mediante herramientas infotecnológicas. Objetivo: Proponer una estrategia de superación profesional para potenciar la cultura informacional del docente universitario, con el uso de herramientas infotecnológicas. Metodología: Investigación pedagógica realizada en la universidad de Sancti Spíritus "José Martí Pérez" durante el periodo de tiempo comprendido entre el año 2020 y el 2021. Se utilizó el método histórico lógico y el inductivo deductivo para determinar los fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos que sustentan la cultura informacional en el proceso de superación profesional. La modelación, además de permitir estructurar la estrategia que se propone; permitió determinar los objetivos, etapas y la selección de las formas organizativas de las acciones propuestas. El criterio de expertos para evaluar la pertinencia de la propuesta mediante la comparación por pares. Resultados: Una estrategia de superación profesional estructurada en 4 etapas (diagnóstico, planeación estratégica, instrumentación, evaluación), que sustentada en el uso de herramientas infotecnológicas se orienta a potenciar la cultura informacional del docente universitario. Conclusiones: La estrategia de superación profesional propuesta resulta viable para potenciar la cultura informacional del docente universitario; la misma tiene una adecuada correspondencia entre sus etapas y acciones, los fundamentos y exigencias pedagógicas.

Background: The information culture in universities develops in university teachers good pedagogical practices with the use of information through info-technological tools. Objective: To propose a professional improvement strategy to enhance the information culture of university teachers through the use of information technology tools. Methodology: Pedagogical research conducted at the University of Sancti Spíritus "José Martí Pérez" during the period from 2020 to 2021. The historical-logical and inductive-deductive methods were used to determine the theoretical and methodological foundations that support the information culture in the professional development process. Modeling not only allowed the proposed strategy to be structured, but also allowed the objectives to be defined, stages and the selection of organizational forms for the proposed actions. Expert assessment of the proposal's relevance through peer comparison. Results: A professional development strategy structured in 4 stages (diagnosis, strategic planning, instrumentation, evaluation), based on the use of information technology tools, aimed at reinforcing the information culture of university teachers. Conclusions: The proposed professional development strategy is feasible to promote the information culture of university teachers; it has an adequate correspondence between its stages and actions, the pedagogical foundations and requirements.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Teacher evaluation is presented as an object of study of great interest, where multiple efforts converge to establish models from the association of heterogeneous data from academic actors, one of these is the students' community, who stands out for their contribution with rich data information for the establishment of teacher evaluation in higher education. This study aims to present the search results for references on the prediction of teacher evaluation based on the associated data provided by the performance of university students. For this purpose, a systematic literature review was carried out, established by the phases of planning (search objective, research questions, inclusion and exclusion criteria), search and selection (literature control group and keywords, the definition of the search string, results filtering), and extraction (synthesis of the contributions). As a result, a set of references on the application of predictions is obtained, focused on educational data mining techniques, such as Fuzzy logic, Fuzzy clustering, Fuzzy Neural Network (FNN), Neural networks, multilayer perceptron (MLP), Decision Trees, Logistic Regression, Random Forest Classifier, Naïve Bayes Classifier, Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest-Neighbor (KNN), and Associative classification model. In conclusion, prediction and mining techniques have been widely explored; however, teacher evaluation is in the process of growth with particular emphasis on fuzzy principles, considering that human decision-making is developed with uncertainty, which is strongly related to human behavior.

RESUMEN

O objetivo deste artigo foi propor padrões normativos para a Career Adapt-Abilities Scale (CAAS-Brasil) considerando diferenças em função das variáveis sociodemográficas: sexo, estado civil, faixa etária, escolaridade e faixa de rendimento. A amostra foi composta por 2.999 indivíduos, idades variando de 14 a 77 anos, maioria do sexo feminino (63%) e representantes de 21 estados brasileiros. As propriedades psicométricas da CAAS-Brasil foram investigadas por meio de Teoria de Resposta ao Item e coeficiente ômega. Os resultados evidenciaram invariância para a CAAS-Brasil e maiores diferenças de médias nas variáveis faixa etária, escolaridade e faixa de rendimento. A partir disso, foram apresentados padrões normativos para a amostra geral e dividida, considerando as variáveis que apresentaram diferenças. Os padrões normativos apresentados neste artigo possibilitarão que profissionais de orientação profissional e de carreira interpretem, com base em normas, os escores de adaptabilidade de carreira de seus orientandos, tornando a avaliação mais substantiva. (AU)

This article aimed to propose normative standards for the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale (CAAS-Brazil) considering differences in terms of sociodemographic variables: gender, marital status, age group, education level, and income. The sample consisted of 2999 individuals, within the age range of 14 to 77 years, mostly women (63%) from 21 Brazilian states. The psychometric properties of CAAS-Brazil were investigated using Item Response Theory and the Omega coefficient. Results showed invariance for the CAAS-Brazil and greater mean differences in the variables age group, education, and income. From this, normative standards for the overall sample were presented and divided considering the variables that showed differences. The normative standards presented in this article will enable career guidance professionals to interpret the career adaptability scores of their students, making the assessment more robust. (AU)

El objetivo de este artículo fue proponer estándares normativos para la Career Adapt-Abilities Scale (CAAS-Brasil) considerando diferencias en términos de variables sociodemográficas: género, estado civil, grupo de edad, escolaridad y rango de ingresos. La muestra estuvo constituida por 2.999 individuos, con edades comprendidas entre 14 y 77 años, en su mayoría mujeres (63%) y representantes de 21 estados brasileños. Las propiedades psicométricas de CAAS-Brasil se investigaron mediante la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem y el coeficiente Omega. Los resultados mostraron invarianza para el CAAS-Brasil y mayores diferencias de medias en las variables edad, escolaridad e ingresos. A partir de esto, se presentaron estándares normativos para la muestra general y se dividieron considerando las variables que manifestaron diferencias. Los estándares normativos presentados en este artículo permitirán a los profesionales de la orientación profesional interpretar y la orientación interpretar, basándose en normas, las puntuaciones de adaptabilidad profesional de sus alumnos, haciendo que la evaluación sea más sustantiva. (AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Information and communication technology (ICT) is a means of learning for people with functional diversity (FD), in the context of both formal and non-formal education. These digital options favor their inclusion, participation and motivation, so having competent professionals in the field of educational technology is crucial for the full development of this population. Within this framework, the opinion, training and requirements regarding ICT of 809 educators in Florence (Italy) and Granada (Spain) were analyzed, following a quantitative study, with a non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional and comparative design. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and mode) and frequencies were used. After checking the normality of the data (Kolmogórov-Smirnov test), inferential analyses were performed, applying Student's t- test and one-factor ANOVA, calculating the effect size (Cohen's d and eta squared). Statistically significant differences were found according to city of origin, gender, and years of experience with students with FD. The results point to the need for different educators to have sufficient technological training, as despite being aware of the functionalities of ICT and having a favorable opinion of them, resources and knowledge about their use fall short of what is desirable.

RESUMEN

As a result of the Great Online Transition (GOT) that occurred during COVID-19, it is increasingly necessary to understand the digital competencies that are required for online and blended learning in the postpandemic era. Postquarantine, higher education institutions must return to on-campus face-to-face learning, a situation which raises questions concerning how to retain the lessons learned from this period of the forced acquisition and innovation of online teaching competencies. In this article, we present the results of an interview-based study of teachers' experiences of online teaching during the pandemic. One hundred fifty-one teachers were interviewed over a period of 2 years during the pandemic. We conducted a hybrid thematic analysis to systematize teachers' experiences. Our results show that despite the problems faced due to the disruption caused by the pandemic, several lessons were learned: teachers employed an array of digital tools to maintain content delivery and promote interaction, deepened their understanding of course design and assessment, and developed an empathic disposition to understand students' situations. We build upon these experiences to generate recommendations for developing digital competencies following the GOT.